Virology Flashcards by Bernadette Madamba

Enumerate the Naked Viruses

naked CPR and PAPP smear
RNA
Calici
Picorna
Reo

DNA
Parvo
Adeno
Papilloma
Polyoma

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All enveloped virus acquire their envelop from plasma membrane except

Herpes virus - nuclear membrane

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All viruses are haploid except

Retrovirus

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Enumerate the segmented genome

B O A R
Bunyavirus
Orthomyxovirus - influenza
Arenaviruses
Reoviruses

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Enumerate the Negative Strand RNA viruses

Always Bring Polymerase Or Fail Replication
Arena
Bunya
Paramyxo
Orthomyxo
Filo
Rhabdo

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Causes epidemics

Genomic re assortment

Ex influenza

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One virus produces a protein that can be used by another virus

Complementation

Ex hepa b and d

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Two different viruses infect the same cell

Phenotypic mixing

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Infected cells appear normal, but are producing large numbers of progeny virus

Commensal symbiosis

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Reduce the expression of APC and inactivate complement

Virokines

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Attachment of RBCs to surface on infected cells

Hemadsorption

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The only live attenuated vaccine that may be given to HIV positive patient

MMR

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Enumerate the live attenuated vaccines

Small pox
Yellow fever
Chicken pox
Sabins polio 
MMR

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Enumerate the Killed vaccine

RIP Always
Rabies
Influenza
Polio Salk
Hepatitis A

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Enumerate the DNA viruses

HHAPPPPY
Hepadna
Herpes
Adeno
Parvo
Papilloma
Polyoma
Pox

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All DNA viruses have double stranded DNA except

Parvovirus

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All DNA viruses havelinear DNA except

Hepadna
Papilloma
Polyoma

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All DNA viruses have icosahedral except

Poxvirus

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All DNA viruses replicate in the nucleus except

Poxvirus

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The only virus with fiber

Adenovirus

Penton fibers

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Histopathology findings of adenovirus

Cowdry type b intranuclear inclusions

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Histopathology findings of poliovirus

Cowdry type b intranuclear inclusions

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Histopathology findings of herpes simplex virus

Cowdry type a intranuclear inclusions

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Diseases cause by Adenovirus

Brochitis
Conjuctivitis
Coryza
Cystitis hemorrhagic
Gastroenteritis
Pharyngitis
Pneumonia atypical

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Virus that infects squamous cells and induce formation of cytoplasmic vacuoles called koilocytes

HPV

Genes that encode proteins that inactivate tumor suppresor genes

E6 and E7

HPV that causes skin and plantar warts

1 to 4

HPV that causes genital warts, respiratory tract papillomas

6 and 11

MCC of viral STD

HPV 6 11

HPV that causes carcinoma of the cervix penis and anus

16 18 31 33

Treatment for genital warts

Podophyllin

Treatment for skin warts

Liquid nitrogen

Treatment for plantar warts

Salicylic acid

A drug that acts as an immune disease modifier | Used in actinic keretosis, squamous cell basal carcinoma, condyloma acuminata

Imiquinod

Vaccine for HPV consists of

6 11 16 18

Virus that causes progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy PML in patients with AIDS

JC polyoma virus

Virus that causes hemorrhagic cystitis and nephropathy in patients with solid organ and bone marrow transplant

BK Polyoma Virus

Primary infection, recurrent infection and route of transmission of HSV 1

Stomatitis Heroes labialis, encephalitis Secretions and saliva

Primary infection, recurrent infection and route of transmission of HSV2

Herpes genitalia, Perinatal infection Herpes genitalia Sexual and perinatal

Primary infection, recurrent infection and route of transmission of VZV

Varicella Zoster Respiratory secretions

Primary infection, recurrent infection and route of transmission of EBV

Infectious mononucleosis None Respiratory secretions and saliva

Primary infection, recurrent infection and route of transmission of CMV

Congenital mononucleosis Asymptomatic shedding Intauterine, transfusions, sexual contact, secretions

Primary infection, recurrent infection and route of transmission of hHV 8

Uncertain Kaposis sarcoma Sexual or organ transplantation

Enumerate the Herpes Viruses

``` Get Herpes on a CHEVrolet CMV HSV EBV VZV ```

Site of latency of HSV 1

Trigeminal ganglia

Site of latency of HSV 2

Lumbosacral ganglia

Characteristic rash in Varicella

Vesicular centrifugal rash - dew drop on a rose petal appearance

A disease cause by VZV that involves the geniculate ganglion causing facail nerve paralysis

Ramsay hunt syndrome

Virus cultured in shell tubes

CMV

Positive heterophil test

EBV

Negative heterophil test

CMV | Toxoplasma

MCC of congenital abnormalities

CMV | MC when the mother was infected in first trimester

Diseases presenting as blue berry muffin baby

Congenital CMV, Rubella and Disseminated Neuroblastoma

MCC of blindness among HIV patients

CMV retinitis

DOC of CMV

Ganciclovir | Largely resistant to Acyclovir

Virus that infects mainly the lymphoid cells, primarily B lymphocytes

EBV

Atypical lymphocytes in EBV infection

Downy cells

Kissing disease

Infectious mononucleosis - EBV

A rare complication in Infectious mononucleosis

Splenic rupture

Malignancy caused by EBV

Burkitts lymphoma - B cell lymphoma | Unilateral facial swelling, most common in African people

MCC Malignancy caused by EBV in Chinese people

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma

Disease caused by EBV in AIDS patient

Hairy leukoplakia

A malignancy caused by HHV 8

Kaposis sarcoma

The only disease that has been eradicated from the face of the Earth

Small pox

Largest virus

Small pox

Brick shaped poxvirus containing linear dsDNA

Small pox

Virus that causes pinkish papular skin lesions with an umbilicated center

Molluscum contangiosum

Treatment for Molluscum contangiosum

Cifodovir

Enumerate the Hepatitides

``` Hepatitis A asymptomatic B blood borne C chronic cirrhosis carcinoma carriers E enteric ecpectant mothers epidemics ```

An enveloped virus with incomplete circular dsDNA

Hepa B

The only DNA virus that produces DNA by reverse transcription eith mRNA as the template

Hepa B virus

Hepa B is associated with this autoimmune vasculitides

Polyarteritis nodosa

Complications of Hepa B

Hepatorenal Hepatopulmonary Portal HPN Hepatic encephalopathy

Treatment for Hepa B

Interferon alpha - interferes with viral attachment and replication Lamivudine

First vaccine to prevent a human cancer

Hepa B

All RNA viruses have single stranded DNA except

Reo | Rota

All RNA viruses replicate in the cytoplasm except

Influenza | Retro

Enumerate the RNA viruses

``` I went to a RETRO TOGA party, where i drank FLAVored CORONA beer and ate HIPPY CALIfornia PICkles Retro Toga Flavi Corona Hepa E Calici Picorna ```

Enumerate members of picornaviridae

``` PERCHed on a PIC (peak) Polio Echo Rhino Coxsackie Hepa A Picorna All are Enterovirus except Rhino-repiratory ```

A virus that replicates in motor neurons in anterior horn of spinal cord causing paralysis

Poliovirus Poliomyelitis

Spectrum of disease in Polio

Asymptomatic Abortive poliomyelitis - most common clinical form, flu like Non paralytic - aseptic meningitis Paralytic - flaccid paralysis, permanent motor damage

The classification of this virus is based on pathogenicity in mice

Coxsackie virus

MCC of viral myocarditis and pericarditis

Coxsackie virus

MCC of aseptic meningitis

Coxsackie virus - overall | Other causes: Enterovirus - Polio and Echo

Triple H in Coxsackie virus

Herpangina Hand foot and mouth disease Hemorrhagic conjunctivitis

Echovirus is also known as

Enteric cytopathic human orphan

MCC of common colds

Rhinovirus - first | Corona

Rhinovirus replicate better at ---, they affect primarily the ---- and -----

33 C | Nose and conjuctiva

Rhinovirus is ---- labile

Acid labile - killed by gastric acid when swallowed -- they do not infect the GIT unlike the enteroviruses

Hepa -- virus under Picorna virus

Hepa A

Also known as Enterovirus 72

Hepa A

The most important test in Hepa A

Anti HAV IgM

Hepa A is also known as

Enterovirus 72

Members of Caliciviridae

Hepa E | Norovirus

Hepa E is a member of

Caliciviridae

A virus with high mortality in pregnant women

Hepa E

MCC of non bacterial diarrhea in adults

Norwalk virus - viral gastroenteritis | Norovirus

MCC of childhood diarrhea

Rotavirus | ROTA right out of the anus

MCC of respiratory tract infections

Influenza A

Major antigens of Influenza virus

Hemagglutinin - binds to the cell surface receptor (neuraminic acid, sialic acid) to initiate infection of the cell - target of neutralizing antibody Neuraminidase - cleaves NA to release progeny virus from infected cell, also degrades the protective layer of mucus in the respiratory tract to enhace access to the respiratory epithelial cells

Antigenic shifts

Influenza A - pandemics

Antigenic drifts

Influenza B - epidemic

DOC of Influenza virus

Oseltamivir or Zanamivir | For Influenza A only - Amantadine or Rimantadine

Diseases caused by Paramyxoviruses

Parainfluenza RSV Measles Mumps

A virus with envelope spikes containing HA NA and fusion protein

Mumps | Parainfluenza

A virus with envelope spikes containing HA and fusion protein

Measles

A virus with envelope spikes containing fusion protein only

RSV

Histopathologic findings in Measles

Multinucleated giant cell | Warthin Finkeldey

Pthognomonic lesion in Measles characterized as bright red lesions with a white central dot on buccal mucosa near the opening of the Stensens duct

Kopliks spot

Complications of Measles

Subacute sclerosing pancencephalitis or Damson disease Encephalitis Pneumonia

Cardinal manifestations of Measles

Cough Coryza Conjunctivitis Kopliks spot

Vitamin --- reduces severity if meales

Vitamin A

Diseases caused by Mumps virus

Parotitis Orchitis Meningitis aseptic

Virus forming multinucleated giant cells

Respiratory syncitial virus

Natural hosts of RSV

Humans

Most important cause of pneumonia and bronchiolitis in infants

RSV

Treatment for Respiratory syncitial virus

Ribavirin | Also use in Hepa C

Steeple sign in CXR

Laryngotracheobrinchitis (croup) | Subglottic stenosis

Characterized by inspiratory stridor cough and hoarseness

Laryngotracheobrinchitis (croup)

Treatment of Laryngotracheobrinchitis (croup)

Racemic epinephrine

Bullet shaped virus

Rabies | Rhabdovirus

Histopath result in Rabies

Negri bodies

Reservoir of Corona virus

Horseshoe bat

Intermediate host of Corona virus

Civet cat

Corona virus binds to ---- resulting to SARS

ACE 2 receptor

CXR result in SARS

Non cavitary ground glass infiltrates

Dengue fever is also called

Break bone fever

Pleural effusion in Dengue: right or left

Right sided

Hepa C is a

Flavivirus

It is the most prevalent blood borne pathogen

Hepa c

Autoimmune reactions in Hepa C

Thyroiditis MPGN Porphyria cutanea tarda DM

Treatment for acute Hepatitis C

Interferon

Treatment for chronic Hepatitis C

Peg interferon | Ribavirin

Rubella virus is a member of

Togaviridar

Causes German measles

Rubella virus

Associated abnormalities in Congenital Rubella syndrome

``` Bulag Cataract Bingi Sensorineural deafness Bobo Mental retardation Butas ang Puso PDA - machinery like murmur Blue berry muffin baby ```

In Human Immunodeficiency Virus, it is the protein that codes for major capsid protein

P24

In Human Immunodeficiency Virus, it is the protein that codes for nucleoprotein

P17

In Human Immunodeficiency Virus, it is the protein use for attachment to CD4 protein with antigenicity that changes rapidly

G120 | V3 loop - most immunogenic region

In Human Immunodeficiency Virus, it is the protein that mediates the fusion of viral envelope with the cell membrane

G41

In Human Immunodeficiency Virus, it is the protein that codes for the activation of transcription of viral genes

Tat

In Human Immunodeficiency Virus, it is the protein that codes for the transport of late mRNAs to cytoplasm

Rev

In Human Immunodeficiency Virus, it is the protein that decreases CD4 and MHC class I proteins

Nef

In Human Immunodeficiency Virus, it is the protein that enhances hypermutation

Vif

In Human Immunodeficiency Virus, it is the protein that transport nondividing cells

Vpr

In Human Immunodeficiency Virus, it is the protein that enhances virion release

Vpu

Original source of Human Immunodeficiency Virus

Chimpanzees

Principal sources of Human Immunodeficiency Virus in semen

T lymphocyte | Macrophages

Definitive diagnosis of Human Immunodeficiency Virus

Western blot analysis

Phases in Human Immunodeficiency Virus

Phase 0 infection 1 window period - rapid viral replication but test is negative 2 seroconversion - peak viral load, test is positive, mild flu like illnessm 1-2weeks 3 latent - asymptomatic, cd4 goes down lasts 1-15yrs 4 early symptomatic - cd4-500 to 200, lasts 5yrs, mild derma mucocutaneous and hema illnesses 5 AIDS - cd4 less than 200 lasts 2yrs

AIDS defining illnesses with CD4 less than 500

``` TSEcK Disseminated Tuberculosis HSV esophagitis Esophageal candidiasis Kaposis sarcoma ```

AIDS defining illnesses with CD4 less than 200

``` PiTong DIet COC ME PCP pneumonia Toxoplasmosis cerebral Diarrhea chronic Coccidioidomycosis Meningoencephalitis ```

AIDS defining illnesses with CD4 less than 50

HiRaP na! Histoplasmosis Retinitis CMV Pulmonary invasive disease

AIDS defining illnesses - Prevalence

``` PCP Esophageal candidiasis Wasting Kaposis sarcoma Disseminated MAC ```

Treatment for HIV

Highly active antiretroviral therapy HAART Two nucleoside inhibitors - Lamivudine, Zidovudine Protease inhibitor - Indinavir LIZ Uy!

Histopathology findings of human T cell lymphotropic virus

Malignant T cells with flower shaped nucleus

Retrovirus causing adult t cell leukemia

HTLV

Retrovirus causing myelopathy

HTLV

MCC of epidemic encephalitis

Japanese B virus | Encephalitis

Japanese B virus is trasmitted by

Culex mosquitoes

CT scan finding of Japanese B virus

Thalamic infarct

CT scan finding of HSV

Temporal infarct

Histopathology findings of HPV

Koilocytes

Histopathology findings of VZV

Multinucleated giant cells with intranuclear inclusions

Histopathology findings of CMV

Giant cells with owls eye appearance

Histopathology findings of smallpox

Guarnieri bodies

Histopathology findings of molluscum contagiosum

Henderson peterson bodies

Histopathology findings of poliovirus

Cowdry type B intranuclear inclusions

Viruses with intranuclear inclusions

``` Polio B Adeno B HSV A VZV MGC CMV GC with Owls eye ```

Viruses with cytoplasmic inclusions

HPV koilocytes Smallpox G bodies Molluscum H and P bodies