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Microbiology > Introduction > Flashcards

Introduction Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q

Jumping genes

A

Transposons

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1
Q

Obligate intracellular but acellular parasites of plants, naked RNA, no human diseases

A

Viroids

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2
Q

Appearance of vacuolated neurons with loss of function and the lack of an immune response or inflammation

A

Spongiform encephalopathies

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3
Q

Smallest bacteria

A

Mycoplasma sp

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4
Q

Largest bacteria

A

Thiomargarita namibiensis

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5
Q

All have a cell wall composed of peptidoglycan except

A

Mycoplasma

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7
Q

Outer membrane of gram negative bacteria contains

A

Endotoxin/LPS

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8
Q

Procedure in Gram staining

A

Primary Stain - Violet
Mordant - Iodine
Decolorizing Agent - Acetone
Counterstain - Safranin

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9
Q

Culture for Mycobacteria

A

Acid Fast Stain

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10
Q

Culture for Spirochetes

A

Dark field Microscopy

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11
Q

Culture for Legionella

A

Silver Stain

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12
Q

Culture for Chlamydia and Ricketssia

A

Gram/Tissue Stain

Inclusion bodies

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13
Q

Clostridium perfringens

A

Egg yolk

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14
Q

Corynebacterium diphtheriae

A

Tellurite

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15
Q

Group D Strep

A

Bile esculin

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16
Q

Staphylococci

A

Mannitol salts

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17
Q

N meningitidis

N gonorrhoea from sterile sites

A

Chocolate

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18
Q

N gonorrhea from sterile sites

A

Thayer Martin

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19
Q

H influenza

A

Chocolate + Factor V and X

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20
Q

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

A

Lowenstein Jonsen

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21
Q

Vibrio cholerae

A

Thiosulfate Citrate Bile Salts TCBS

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22
Q

Bordetella pertussis

A

Bordet Gengou

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23
Q

Legionella pneumophilia

A

Charcoal yeast extract

24
Q

Campylobacter, Helicobacter

A

Skirrows, Campy

25
Q

Borrelia burgdorferi

A

Barbour Stoenner Kelly

26
Q

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

A

Eaton

27
Q

Pseudomonas aeroginosa

A

Cetrimide

28
Q

Unique to gram positive organisms, for antigenic deteminant

A

Techoic acid

29
Q

All gram positive bacteria have NO endotoxin except

A

Listeria monocytogenes

30
Q

Completely dependent on oxygen for ATP generation

A

Obligate aerobes

31
Q

Use fermentation but can tolerate low amounts of oxygen

A

Microaerophiles

32
Q

Utilize oxygen if it is present, but can use fermentation in its absence

A

Facultative anaerobe

33
Q

Exclusively anaerobic, but insensitive to the presence of oxygen

A

Aerotolerant anaerobes

34
Q

Cannot grow in the presence of oxygen because they lack the three important enzymes

A

Obligate anaerobes

35
Q

Degree of organism pahogenecity

A

Virulence

36
Q

Examples of Obligate Aerobes (9)

A 
Nocardia
Neisseria
Pseudomonas
Mycobacteria
Bordetella Brucella B cereus
Legionella Leptospira
37
Q

Examples of Obligate Anaerobes (3)

A

Actinomyces
Bacteroides
Clostridium

38
Q

Examples of Facultative Anaerobe (4)

A

Streptococcus
Spirochetes - Borrela, Treponema
Campylobacter
Helicobacter

39
Q

Bacterial DNA is

Human nuclear DNA is

A

Circular

Linear

40
Q

All bacteria capsules are composed of polysaccharide except

A

Bacillus anthracis

41
Q

Spore has keratin like coat called

A

Dipicolinic acid

42
Q

Enumerate the Three Spirochetes

A

Leptospira
Treponema
Borrelia

43
Q

Toxic proteins produced by ceratin bacteria that are lethal for other bacteria

A

Bacteriocins

44
Q

Aerotolerant anaerobes

A

Propionibacterium

Lactobacillus

45
Q

Facultative anaerobes

A 
Mycoplasma
Staphylococcus
Bacillus anthracis
Listeria
Corynebacterium
46
Q

Occurs when normal flora occupy receptor sites preventing pathogen from binding

A

Colonization resistance

47
Q 
Normal flora in the
Skin
Nose
Mouth
Dental plaque 
Colon (2)
Vagina (3)
A 
Staph epidermidis
Staph aureus
Viridans strep
Strep mutans
Bacteroides E coli
Lactobacillus acidophilus E coli Strep agalactiae
48
Q

Bacteria with IgA Protease (4)

A

Strep pneumoniae
H influenza
Neisseria meningitidis
Neisseria goborrhoeae

49
Q

Destroys both neutropholic leukocytes and macrophages

A

Leukocidin

PV Leukocidin in Staph aureus

50
Q

All exotoxins are heat labile except

A

Staphylococcal enterotoxin

51
Q

Culture for Salmonella and Shigella

A

Xylose-Lysine-Deoxycholate XLD

52
Q

Culture for Leptospira interrogans

A

Ellinghausen McCullough Johnson Harris EMJH/MPL1/Fletchers

53
Q

Antibiotics that are excellent with or without inflammation (8)

A 
Sulfonamides
Chloramphenicol
Trimethoprim
Metronidazole
Rifampin
Isoniazid
Fluconazole
Flucytosine
54
Q

Antiobiotics that are good only eit inflammation

A 
Meropenem
Cephalosporins
Aztreonam
Ciprofloxacin
Vancomycin
Imipenem + cilastatin
Penicillins
55
Q

Antibiotics that are minimal or not good even with inflammation

A

Aminoglycosides
Tetracyclines
Lincosamides
Macrolides

56
Q

Antibiotics that cannot pass even with inflammation

A

Polymixins
1st and 2nd Cephalosporins
Amphotericin B

57
Q

Largest medically important bacteria

A

Borrelia burgdorferi

Microbiology (10 decks)

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