Virology Flashcards
single stranded non-enveloped linear DNA
parvovirus
B19 - ‘slapped cheek’, sickle cell crisis
double stranded linear DNA virus’s
herpes virus
poxvirus
adenovirus
double stranded circular DNA virus’s
hepadnavirus (herpes)
papilloma virus
polyomavirus (JC virus, BK virus)
structure of herpes virus
double stranded enveloped linear virus
Causative virus + structure - fever for days then develops rash which starts on the trunk then spreads. occurs in children < 2 years. Can progress to seizure.
HHV - 6&7
roseola infantum
double stranded enveloped linear DNA virus
virus & its structure which causees genital herpes
HSV-2
double stranded enveloped linear DNA virus
virus and its structure which causes herpes labialise (cold sores), gingiovostomatitis and keratoconjunctivitis
HSV-1
double stranded linear enveloped DNA virus
what herpes virus can cause temporal lobe encephalitis
HSV-1
what receptor does CMV use
integrins (hepran sulphate)
what receptor does EBV use
CD 21
what receptor does parvovirus B19 use
P antigen on RBC’s
what receptor does rabies use
nictonic AChR
what receptor does rhinovirus use
ICAM-1
(I came to see the rhino)
what receptor does SARS-COV2 use
ACE2
what receptor does HIV use
CD4, CXCR4, CCR5
where do RNA viruses replicate
all replicate in the cytoplasm except retrovirus and influenza
what are the flaviviruses and their structure
single stranded, enveloped, linear RNA virus
dengue, yellow fever west nile virus, HCV, zika virus
what are the paramyxoviruses and their structure
PaRaMyxovirus
parainfluenza - croup
RSV - bronchiolitis
measles, mumps
single stranded, non-linear, enveloped RNA
structure of rotavirus
double stranded, linear, multisegmented, non-enveloped RNA virus
structure of influenza virus
single stranded, enveloped, non-linear RNA virus
what is responsible for genetic change in influenza viruses
genetic shift and drift
prophylactic treatment against paramyxoviruses in premature infants
palivizumab
high fever, maculopapular rash, lymphadenopathy, joint swelling, arthralgia
chikungunya virus (togavirus)
single stranded, enveloped, linear RNA
fever, rash, headache, myalgia, arthralgia, peri-orbital pain, neutropenia. can progress to circulatory collapse.
dengue fever (flavivirus)
single stranded, enveloped, linear RNA
high fever, black vomit, jaundice, haemorrhage, backache
yellow fever
single stranded, enveloped, linear RNA
councilman bodies on liver biopsy
yellow fever
transmission of yellow fever and zika virus
both from aedes mosquito
conjunctivitis, low grade pyrexia, itchy rash, progression to guillian-barre syndrome
zika virus
single stranded, enveloped, linear RNA
bullet shaped virus
negri bodies in perkunji cells of cerebellum and hippocampal neurones
rabies virus
ebola virus structure
filovirus
single stranded, non-linear, enveloped RNA virus
abrupt onset flu like symptoms, diarrhoea, fever and myalgia. progression to DIC, haemorrhage and shock
ebola virus
single stranded, enveloped, non-linear RNA
strcuture of covid-19
single stranded linear RNA virus
HIV test to monitor response to treatment and transmittability
viral load tests (PT-PCR)
HIV test to detect HIV virology in antibody negative patients
NAAT
when is HIV diagnosed as AIDS
CD4 count < 200 or HIV with aids defining illnesses
test of choice for suspected HIV in babies
HIV viral load test (PT-PCR)
virus responsible for hairy leukoplakia
EBV
unscrapable plaque on lateral tongue
oral hairy leukoplakia
AIDS defining illness and CD4 count you would expect this condition;
Non-enhancing areas of demyelination on MRI
JC virus - progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy
CD4 < 200
AIDS defining illness and CD4 count you would expect this condition;
acid-fast oocytes in stool
cryptosporidium spp.
causes chronic watery diarrhoea
CD4 < 100
AIDS defining illness and CD4 count you would expect this condition;
ring enhancing solitary mass on MRI
CNS lymphoma (EBV)
CD4 < 100
AIDS defining illness and CD4 count you would expect this condition;
multiple ring enhancing lesions on MRI
toxoplasma gondii = brain abscesses
CD4 < 100
List the 3 prion diseases
creutzfeldt-jakob disease - sporadic
bovine spongiform encephalopathy - ‘mad cow disease’
kuru - tribes practising human canabolism
AIDS defining illness and CD4 count you would expect this condition;
encapsulated yeast on india ink stain or capsular antigen positive
cryptococcus neoformans = meningitis
bacillary angiomatosis vs kaposki sarcoma
both found in HIV and immunocompromised individuals
kapsoki will show predominantly lymphocytic infiltrates whereas kapsoski will show neutrophil infiltrates
what viral infections are associated with intranuclear eosinophillic Cowdry A inclusions
HSV1, HSV2, VZV,
ground glass appearance on liver biopsy
chronic hep B infection
structure of papiloma virus
souble stranded, non-enveloped, non-linear DNA
causative organisms - oval-shaped vesciles on palms, soles and oral mucosa
hand foot and mouth disease
coxsachievirus type A
single stranded, non-enveloped, linear RNA
causative organism - sand paper like rash, circumoral pallor, lymphadenopathy, strawberry red tongue
scarlet fever - group A strep (strep pyogenes)
virus responsible for genital warts
HPV 6 and 11
rash begins at head and moves down with postauricular, posteiror cervical and suboccipital lymphadenopathy, polyarthritis, unvaccinated
rubella
features of congenital rubella
EYES, EARS, HEART
cataract
deafness
+/- blueberry rash
heart disease (PDA)
norovirus structure
leading cause gastroeneteritis in children
single stranded, non-enveloped, linear RNA
norovirus vs rotavirus structure
rotavirus double stranded
noravirus single stranded
rotavirus = double stranded, non-enveloped linear RNA
noravirus = single stranded, nonenveloped, linear RNA
features of hepatitis E
fulminant hepatitis if in pregnancy - diarrhoea, abdo pain, jaundice
will show hepatic tissue necrosis on biopsy
genomic structure of hepatitis A, B and E
single stranded, linear, non-enveloped RNA
hantavirus features
deer mouse is resevoir
GI upset, fever, cough, myalgia then preogression to capillary leak syndrome = pulmonary oedema
south and southewstern state of US
mechanism by which hepatitis C is able to develop chronic infection
high antigenetic variability due to to error prone RNA polymerase
mechanism by which measles can cause encephalitis
autoimmune mediated demyelination due to molecular mimicry
(part of paramyxovirus - single stranded, linear, enveloped, negative sense RNA virus)
kapsokis sarcoma is derived from what cell type
vascular endothelial cells
what cells of the brain are affected in HIV encephalitis
microglia
HIV fuse with microglia which then fuse to form multinucleated giant cells
HIV patient presenting with subacute onset of cognitive decline and CSF shows high HIV viral load
HIV encephalitis
