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Microbiology Flashcards

1
Q

Symptoms of Rocky mountain spotted fever

A

headache
fever
rash starts peripherally and spreads centrally (maculopapular then becomes vasculitic)

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2
Q

Weil-Felix test is positive - what condition is this?

A

Ricketssia infection i.e. Rocky mountain spotted fever

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3
Q

describe types of rickettsiae infections

A

spotted fever - rickettsiae ricketsi
Endemic typhus - rickettsiae thyphus
Epidemic typhus - ricketssiae powlski
Q-fever

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4
Q

mechanism of action of Azoles

A

inhibits alpha-14 demethylase which produces ergosterol

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5
Q

mechanism of action of amphotericin B

A

(same as nystatin)
binds to ergosterol, forms a transmembrane channel resulting in monovalent ion leakage

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6
Q

mechanism of action of nystatin

A

binds to ergosterol, forms a transmembrane channel resulting in monovalent ion leakage

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7
Q

mechanism of action of terbinafine

A

inhibits sequalene epoxidase

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8
Q

mechanism of action of caspofungin

A

inhibits beta-glucan, a major cell wall component

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9
Q

side effects of azoles

A

P450 enzyme inhibitor
liver toxicity

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10
Q

side effects of amphotericin B

A

flu like symptoms
nephrotoxic
low Mg, low K

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11
Q

side effect of caspofungin

A

flushing

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12
Q

culture requirement for N. gonorrhoea

A

thayer-martin (chocolate) agar

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13
Q

culture requirement for H.Influenzae

A

chocolate agar

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14
Q

culture requirement for mycoplasma pneumoniae

A

eaton agar

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15
Q

culture requirement for mycoplasma tuberculosis

A

lowenstein-jensen

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16
Q

culture requirement for lactose fermenting bacteria

A

MacCockey (stains pink)

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17
Q

culture requirement for fungi

A

sabourad

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18
Q

culture requirement for legionella pneumophillia

A

charcoal yeast

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19
Q

culture requirement for cornebacterium

A

tellurite and loeffers agars

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20
Q

tertiary signs of syphillis

A

ascending aortic aneurysms
neurosphyllis
argyl-robinson pupil
gummas (granulomas of skin and bone)

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21
Q

most common organism from animal bites ?

A

pasteurella multocida

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22
Q

is botulin toxic gram positive or negative ? aerobic or anaerobic ?

A

Gram positive anaerobic bacillus

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23
Q

Abx that inhibit cell wall formation

A

‘pink cows’
Penicillins
Cephalosporins

24
Q

ABX that inhibit DNA synthesis (bacteriostatic)

A

‘Quiz Me, Show Them’
Quinolones
Macrolides
Sulphonamides
Trimethoprim

25
ABX that protein synthesis
'Amy and Chloe Must Try For gains' Aminoglycosides Chloramphenicol Macrolides Tetracyclines Fusidic acid
26
Side effects of doxycycline
discolouration of teeth photosensitivity angioedema black hairy tongue (Should be avoided in pregnancy due to risk of discolouration of infants teeth)
27
adverse effects of trimethoprim
myelosuppression low folate rise in creatinine hyperkalaemic renal tubular acidosis
28
mechanism of how TMP causes; 1) rise in creatinine 2) RTA 3) interaction with methotrexate
trimethoprim.. 1) competitively inhibits excretion of tubular creatinine 2) blocks ENaC channels in distal tubule = hyperkalaemic distal RTA 3) MTX also works by inhibiting dehydrofolate reductase = low folate
29
EBV associated carcinomas
Burkitt's lymphoma Hodgkin's lymphoma nasopharyngeal carcinomas HIV- associated CNS lymphomas (also hair leukoplasia - noncancerous)
30
AIDs defining illnesses CD4 count 200-500
'Oh She Has Kaposki' oral candida shingles hairy leukoplasia kaposki sarcoma
31
AIDS defining illnesses CD4 count 100-200
'CD4 Continues to Progress Past Dementia' Cryptosporidosis Cerebral toxoplasmosis Pneuojiroveci pneumonia progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy HIV dementia
32
AIDs defining illnesses CD4 count 50-100
'And CD4 progressing Once again' Aspergillosis Cryptococcal meningitis Primary CNS lymphoma Oesophageal candida
33
AIDS defining illnesses CD4 count <50
CMV retinitis mycobacterium avium infection
34
Pneumocystitis jiroveci pneumonia; - CXR signs - treatments
CXR: bilateral interstitial infiltrates Tx: xo-trim or IV pentamidine
35
causative organism of catch scratch disease?
'was it Bart or Henslay that scratched you' bartonell hensalae
36
infective period of chickenpox?
4 days before rash and 5 days after rash (has crusted over lesions)
37
name the gram positive bacilli
'ABCD L' Actinomyces Bacillus anthracis Clostridium i.e. difficile, botulinum Diptheria Listeria monocytogenes
38
name the gram negative bacilli
everything apart from ABCDL
39
name the gram negative cocci
n. gonorrhoea n. meningitidis moraxella
40
complications of chickenpox
disseminated haemorrhagic chickenpox pneumonia nephritis, arthritis, pancreatitis, encaphalitis
41
describe mechanism of resistance for penicillins
bacterial penicillamase (beta lactamse) cleaves beta lactam ring
42
describe mechanism of resistance for macrolides
methylatio of 23S bacteial ribsosome RNA
43
causative organism of; - erythema infectiosum - hand, foot and mouth - mumps - measles - scarlet fever
- parovirus B19 - coksachie A16 - paromyxovirus - morbilli virus - group A strep
44
mechanism of action of Ivermectin
inhibits neurotransmission by activating glutamate gated chloride channels
44
mechanism of action of prazequantel
increases permeability resulting in increased calcium permeability = increased muscle contarction
45
features of mycoplasma pneumonia
flu-like, dry cough derranged LFT's bollous myringitis (painful vesicles on the tympanic membrane) erythema multiforme cold autoimmune haemolytic anaemia, ITP encephalitis, GBS pancreatitis, hepatitis, peri/myocarditis growing medium: eaton agar tx: macrolide or doxycycline
46
features of legionella pneumonia
flu-like, dry cough derranged LFT's lymphopenia hyponatraemia growing medium: charcoal yeast tx: macrolide or doxy
47
what type of bacteria is pseudomonas? growing medium?
aerobic gram negative bacillus (rod) non-lactose fermenting - MacCockey medium (stains pink) Oxidase positive
48
causative organism of croup
parainfluenza virus
49
causative organism of bronchiolitis
respiratory syncytial virus
50
causative organism of pneumonia post influenza?
staph aureus
51
causative organism of pneumonia (bronchiolitis exacerbation)
h. influenzae
52
ziel-neilson stain
mycobacterium tuberculosis cryptosporidosus spp.
53
silver stain
(3 P's) PJP legionella pnuemophillia h.pylori
54
india stain
cryptococcus neoformans
55
Giemsa stain
chlamydia plasmodium trypanosomes

General Principles (13 decks)

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