Microbiology Flashcards
Symptoms of Rocky mountain spotted fever
headache
fever
rash starts peripherally and spreads centrally (maculopapular then becomes vasculitic)
Weil-Felix test is positive - what condition is this?
Ricketssia infection i.e. Rocky mountain spotted fever
describe types of rickettsiae infections
spotted fever - rickettsiae ricketsi
Endemic typhus - rickettsiae thyphus
Epidemic typhus - ricketssiae powlski
Q-fever
mechanism of action of Azoles
inhibits alpha-14 demethylase which produces ergosterol
mechanism of action of amphotericin B
(same as nystatin)
binds to ergosterol, forms a transmembrane channel resulting in monovalent ion leakage
mechanism of action of nystatin
binds to ergosterol, forms a transmembrane channel resulting in monovalent ion leakage
mechanism of action of terbinafine
inhibits sequalene epoxidase
mechanism of action of caspofungin
inhibits beta-glucan, a major cell wall component
side effects of azoles
P450 enzyme inhibitor
liver toxicity
side effects of amphotericin B
flu like symptoms
nephrotoxic
low Mg, low K
side effect of caspofungin
flushing
culture requirement for N. gonorrhoea
thayer-martin (chocolate) agar
culture requirement for H.Influenzae
chocolate agar
culture requirement for mycoplasma pneumoniae
eaton agar
culture requirement for mycoplasma tuberculosis
lowenstein-jensen
culture requirement for lactose fermenting bacteria
MacCockey (stains pink)
culture requirement for fungi
sabourad
culture requirement for legionella pneumophillia
charcoal yeast
culture requirement for cornebacterium
tellurite and loeffers agars
tertiary signs of syphillis
ascending aortic aneurysms
neurosphyllis
argyl-robinson pupil
gummas (granulomas of skin and bone)
most common organism from animal bites ?
pasteurella multocida
is botulin toxic gram positive or negative ? aerobic or anaerobic ?
Gram positive anaerobic bacillus
Abx that inhibit cell wall formation
‘pink cows’
Penicillins
Cephalosporins
ABX that inhibit DNA synthesis (bacteriostatic)
‘Quiz Me, Show Them’
Quinolones
Macrolides
Sulphonamides
Trimethoprim
ABX that protein synthesis
‘Amy and Chloe Must Try For gains’
Aminoglycosides
Chloramphenicol
Macrolides
Tetracyclines
Fusidic acid
Side effects of doxycycline
discolouration of teeth
photosensitivity
angioedema
black hairy tongue
(Should be avoided in pregnancy due to risk of discolouration of infants teeth)
adverse effects of trimethoprim
myelosuppression
low folate
rise in creatinine
hyperkalaemic renal tubular acidosis
mechanism of how TMP causes;
1) rise in creatinine
2) RTA
3) interaction with methotrexate
trimethoprim..
1) competitively inhibits excretion of tubular creatinine
2) blocks ENaC channels in distal tubule = hyperkalaemic distal RTA
3) MTX also works by inhibiting dehydrofolate reductase = low folate
EBV associated carcinomas
Burkitt’s lymphoma
Hodgkin’s lymphoma
nasopharyngeal carcinomas
HIV- associated CNS lymphomas
(also hair leukoplasia - noncancerous)
AIDs defining illnesses CD4 count 200-500
‘Oh She Has Kaposki’
oral candida
shingles
hairy leukoplasia
kaposki sarcoma
AIDS defining illnesses CD4 count 100-200
‘CD4 Continues to Progress Past Dementia’
Cryptosporidosis
Cerebral toxoplasmosis
Pneuojiroveci pneumonia
progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy
HIV dementia
AIDs defining illnesses CD4 count 50-100
‘And CD4 progressing Once again’
Aspergillosis
Cryptococcal meningitis
Primary CNS lymphoma
Oesophageal candida
AIDS defining illnesses CD4 count <50
CMV retinitis
mycobacterium avium infection
Pneumocystitis jiroveci pneumonia;
- CXR signs
- treatments
CXR: bilateral interstitial infiltrates
Tx: xo-trim or IV pentamidine
causative organism of catch scratch disease?
‘was it Bart or Henslay that scratched you’
bartonell hensalae
infective period of chickenpox?
4 days before rash and 5 days after rash (has crusted over lesions)
name the gram positive bacilli
‘ABCD L’
Actinomyces
Bacillus anthracis
Clostridium i.e. difficile, botulinum
Diptheria
Listeria monocytogenes
name the gram negative bacilli
everything apart from ABCDL
name the gram negative cocci
n. gonorrhoea
n. meningitidis
moraxella
complications of chickenpox
disseminated haemorrhagic chickenpox
pneumonia
nephritis, arthritis, pancreatitis, encaphalitis
describe mechanism of resistance for penicillins
bacterial penicillamase (beta lactamse) cleaves beta lactam ring
describe mechanism of resistance for macrolides
methylatio of 23S bacteial ribsosome RNA
causative organism of;
- erythema infectiosum
- hand, foot and mouth
- mumps
- measles
- scarlet fever
- parovirus B19
- coksachie A16
- paromyxovirus
- morbilli virus
- group A strep
mechanism of action of Ivermectin
inhibits neurotransmission by activating glutamate gated chloride channels
mechanism of action of prazequantel
increases permeability resulting in increased calcium permeability = increased muscle contarction
features of mycoplasma pneumonia
flu-like, dry cough
derranged LFT’s
bollous myringitis (painful vesicles on the tympanic membrane)
erythema multiforme
cold autoimmune haemolytic anaemia, ITP
encephalitis, GBS
pancreatitis, hepatitis, peri/myocarditis
growing medium: eaton agar
tx: macrolide or doxycycline
features of legionella pneumonia
flu-like, dry cough
derranged LFT’s
lymphopenia
hyponatraemia
growing medium: charcoal yeast
tx: macrolide or doxy
what type of bacteria is pseudomonas?
growing medium?
aerobic gram negative bacillus (rod)
non-lactose fermenting - MacCockey medium (stains pink)
Oxidase positive
causative organism of croup
parainfluenza virus
causative organism of bronchiolitis
respiratory syncytial virus
causative organism of pneumonia post influenza?
staph aureus
causative organism of pneumonia (bronchiolitis exacerbation)
h. influenzae
ziel-neilson stain
mycobacterium tuberculosis
cryptosporidosus spp.
silver stain
(3 P’s)
PJP
legionella pnuemophillia
h.pylori
india stain
cryptococcus neoformans
Giemsa stain
chlamydia
plasmodium
trypanosomes
