Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

General Principles > Microbiology > Flashcards

Microbiology Flashcards

1
Q

Symptoms of Rocky mountain spotted fever

A

headache
fever
rash starts peripherally and spreads centrally (maculopapular then becomes vasculitic)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Weil-Felix test is positive - what condition is this?

A

Ricketssia infection i.e. Rocky mountain spotted fever

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

describe types of rickettsiae infections

A

spotted fever - rickettsiae ricketsi
Endemic typhus - rickettsiae thyphus
Epidemic typhus - ricketssiae powlski
Q-fever

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

mechanism of action of Azoles

A

inhibits alpha-14 demethylase which produces ergosterol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

mechanism of action of amphotericin B

A

(same as nystatin)
binds to ergosterol, forms a transmembrane channel resulting in monovalent ion leakage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

mechanism of action of nystatin

A

binds to ergosterol, forms a transmembrane channel resulting in monovalent ion leakage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

mechanism of action of terbinafine

A

inhibits sequalene epoxidase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

mechanism of action of caspofungin

A

inhibits beta-glucan, a major cell wall component

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

side effects of azoles

A

P450 enzyme inhibitor
liver toxicity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

side effects of amphotericin B

A

flu like symptoms
nephrotoxic
low Mg, low K

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

side effect of caspofungin

A

flushing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

culture requirement for N. gonorrhoea

A

thayer-martin (chocolate) agar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

culture requirement for H.Influenzae

A

chocolate agar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

culture requirement for mycoplasma pneumoniae

A

eaton agar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

culture requirement for mycoplasma tuberculosis

A

lowenstein-jensen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

culture requirement for lactose fermenting bacteria

A

MacCockey (stains pink)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

culture requirement for fungi

A

sabourad

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

culture requirement for legionella pneumophillia

A

charcoal yeast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

culture requirement for cornebacterium

A

tellurite and loeffers agars

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

tertiary signs of syphillis

A

ascending aortic aneurysms
neurosphyllis
argyl-robinson pupil
gummas (granulomas of skin and bone)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

most common organism from animal bites ?

A

pasteurella multocida

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

is botulin toxic gram positive or negative ? aerobic or anaerobic ?

A

Gram positive anaerobic bacillus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Abx that inhibit cell wall formation

A

‘pink cows’
Penicillins
Cephalosporins

24
Q

ABX that inhibit DNA synthesis (bacteriostatic)

A

‘Quiz Me, Show Them’
Quinolones
Macrolides
Sulphonamides
Trimethoprim

25
Q

ABX that protein synthesis

A

‘Amy and Chloe Must Try For gains’
Aminoglycosides
Chloramphenicol
Macrolides
Tetracyclines
Fusidic acid

26
Q

Side effects of doxycycline

A

discolouration of teeth
photosensitivity
angioedema
black hairy tongue

(Should be avoided in pregnancy due to risk of discolouration of infants teeth)

27
Q

adverse effects of trimethoprim

A

myelosuppression
low folate
rise in creatinine
hyperkalaemic renal tubular acidosis

28
Q

mechanism of how TMP causes;
1) rise in creatinine
2) RTA
3) interaction with methotrexate

A

trimethoprim..
1) competitively inhibits excretion of tubular creatinine
2) blocks ENaC channels in distal tubule = hyperkalaemic distal RTA
3) MTX also works by inhibiting dehydrofolate reductase = low folate

29
Q

EBV associated carcinomas

A

Burkitt’s lymphoma
Hodgkin’s lymphoma
nasopharyngeal carcinomas
HIV- associated CNS lymphomas

(also hair leukoplasia - noncancerous)

30
Q

AIDs defining illnesses CD4 count 200-500

A

‘Oh She Has Kaposki’
oral candida
shingles
hairy leukoplasia
kaposki sarcoma

31
Q

AIDS defining illnesses CD4 count 100-200

A

‘CD4 Continues to Progress Past Dementia’
Cryptosporidosis
Cerebral toxoplasmosis
Pneuojiroveci pneumonia
progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy
HIV dementia

32
Q

AIDs defining illnesses CD4 count 50-100

A

‘And CD4 progressing Once again’
Aspergillosis
Cryptococcal meningitis
Primary CNS lymphoma
Oesophageal candida

33
Q

AIDS defining illnesses CD4 count <50

A

CMV retinitis
mycobacterium avium infection

34
Q

Pneumocystitis jiroveci pneumonia;
- CXR signs
- treatments

A

CXR: bilateral interstitial infiltrates
Tx: xo-trim or IV pentamidine

35
Q

causative organism of catch scratch disease?

A

‘was it Bart or Henslay that scratched you’
bartonell hensalae

36
Q

infective period of chickenpox?

A

4 days before rash and 5 days after rash (has crusted over lesions)

37
Q

name the gram positive bacilli

A

‘ABCD L’
Actinomyces
Bacillus anthracis
Clostridium i.e. difficile, botulinum
Diptheria
Listeria monocytogenes

38
Q

name the gram negative bacilli

A

everything apart from ABCDL

39
Q

name the gram negative cocci

A

n. gonorrhoea
n. meningitidis
moraxella

40
Q

complications of chickenpox

A

disseminated haemorrhagic chickenpox
pneumonia
nephritis, arthritis, pancreatitis, encaphalitis

41
Q

describe mechanism of resistance for penicillins

A

bacterial penicillamase (beta lactamse) cleaves beta lactam ring

42
Q

describe mechanism of resistance for macrolides

A

methylatio of 23S bacteial ribsosome RNA

43
Q

causative organism of;
- erythema infectiosum
- hand, foot and mouth
- mumps
- measles
- scarlet fever

A
  • parovirus B19
  • coksachie A16
  • paromyxovirus
  • morbilli virus
  • group A strep
44
Q

mechanism of action of Ivermectin

A

inhibits neurotransmission by activating glutamate gated chloride channels

44
Q

mechanism of action of prazequantel

A

increases permeability resulting in increased calcium permeability = increased muscle contarction

45
Q

features of mycoplasma pneumonia

A

flu-like, dry cough
derranged LFT’s
bollous myringitis (painful vesicles on the tympanic membrane)
erythema multiforme
cold autoimmune haemolytic anaemia, ITP
encephalitis, GBS
pancreatitis, hepatitis, peri/myocarditis
growing medium: eaton agar
tx: macrolide or doxycycline

46
Q

features of legionella pneumonia

A

flu-like, dry cough
derranged LFT’s
lymphopenia
hyponatraemia
growing medium: charcoal yeast
tx: macrolide or doxy

47
Q

what type of bacteria is pseudomonas?
growing medium?

A

aerobic gram negative bacillus (rod)
non-lactose fermenting - MacCockey medium (stains pink)
Oxidase positive

48
Q

causative organism of croup

A

parainfluenza virus

49
Q

causative organism of bronchiolitis

A

respiratory syncytial virus

50
Q

causative organism of pneumonia post influenza?

A

staph aureus

51
Q

causative organism of pneumonia (bronchiolitis exacerbation)

A

h. influenzae

52
Q

ziel-neilson stain

A

mycobacterium tuberculosis
cryptosporidosus spp.

53
Q

silver stain

A

(3 P’s)
PJP
legionella pnuemophillia
h.pylori

54
Q

india stain

A

cryptococcus neoformans

55
Q

Giemsa stain

A

chlamydia
plasmodium
trypanosomes

General Principles (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions