Viral Reproduction

Question 1

Viral replication… What is it?

Answer 1

To continue the chain of infection, a virus must undergo the process of replication to create new, infectious virions that are able to infect other cells of the body or subsequent hosts. After gaining entry into the body, a virus makes physical contact with and crosses the plasma membrane of a target cell. Inside, it releases and replicates its genome while facilitating the manufacture of its proteins by host ribosomes. How this is carried out depends upon the type of viral nucleic acid. Virus particles are assembled from these newly synthesized biological molecules and become infectious virions. Finally, the virions are released from the cell to continue the process of infection.

Question 2

Seven Stages of Viral Replication

Answer 2

The seven stages of virus replication are categorized as follows:

1.Attachment
2.Penetration
3.Uncoating
4.Replication
5.Assembly
6.Maturation
7.Release

“A PURple Apple Might Redden.” The capitalized letters of the names of the seven stages in order.

Question 3

What is so important about RNA/DNA in viral replication?

Answer 3

We observed that DNA viruses are able to attack both human cellular and metabolic processes simultaneously during infections. On the other hand, RNA viruses preferentially interact with human proteins functioning in specific cellular processes as well as in intracellular transport and localization within the cell.

(I believe you see this difference in the repelication stage)

More Info: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7149683/#:~:text=Virus%20attachment%20protein-,A%20virus%20must%20undergo%20the%20process%20of%20replication%20to%20create,the%20body%20or%20subsequent%20hosts.

Question 4

Whats the Protein coat of a virus?

Answer 4

All virus particles have a protein coat that surrounds and protects a nucleic acid genome. This protein coat is called a capsid, and the instructions for making the protein subunits of the capsid are encoded in the nucleic acid genome of the virus.

Question 5

Whats so important of mutations in virus?

Answer 5

Sometimes viruses can have mutations that give the virus an advantage, whether that’s a better attachment to cells or the ability to replicate faster. Mutations can also result in disadvantages for the virus, lowering the ability to attach to cells or taking longer to reproduce.

Question 6

Resistance of a virus

Answer 6

They are quickly adapting to antiviral medication.

Virus Resistance
HBV resistance is a major problem with lamivudine (47% of patients at 2 years and 90% at 4 years of treatment).

Question 7

Phage; What does phage mean in viruses?

Answer 7

That weird thing you seen in jimmy neutron.

Bacteriophages, also known as phages, are viruses that infect and replicate only in bacterial cells. They are ubiquitous in the environment and are recognized as the most abundant biological agent on earth. They are extremely diverse in size, morphology, and genomic organization.

Bacteriophages
Phages, formally known as bacteriophages, are viruses that solely kill and selectively target bacteria. They are the most common biological entities in nature, and have been shown to effectively fight and destroy multi-drug resistant bacteria.