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REHS - STUDY GUIDE > Hazardous material and waste > Flashcards

Hazardous material and waste Flashcards

1
Q

What are the federal/state laws and regulations that give authority & jurisdiction to govern hazardous materials & waste?

A

Hazardous waste (CHSC “120–250” and title 22)
Certified Unified Program Agency (CUPA est. CHSC “404”)
Hazardous Material Business Plans (CHSC “500-520”)
California Accidental Release Program (Cal ARP; title 19)
Spill Prevention and Countermeasure Control (SPCC; EPA)
Aboveground Petroleum Storage Act (APSA; Assembly Bill 1130)
Underground Storage Tanks (CCR Title 23)

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2
Q

How do you manage household waste/ material that’s hazardous?

A

You must bring your HHW to a household hazardous waste facility (HHWF)

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3
Q

How are hhm formed? Examples?How do you identify hazardous household waste/ material?

A

You may generate this waste while performing tasks in and around your home. These tasks may include, but are not limited to:
Cleaning, Home Improvement, Car Maintenance.

Examples are antifreeze, batteries, electronics, glue adhesives, chemicals, paints, pesticides, used oil, waste containing asbestos/ mercury.

Identification by proper labeling from hazard symbols or warning information.

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4
Q

What are some household product labels that identify them as hazardous?

A

Danger
Poison/ toxic - ingested, absorbed through skin, or inhaled
CORROSIVE/ acid - “eats” or wears away at many materials including living tissue (skin)
Reactive/ explosive - could be explosive or produce deadly gas
Ignitable/ flammable - could catch fire
Environmental Hazard
Caution/ warning

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5
Q

What are some ways of controlling household hazardous material?

A

Replacing with biodegradable products, storing in sealing containers, carefully transporting to approved hazardous management facilities.

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6
Q

Define corrosive

A

Strong acid or bases or produce strong acidic or alkaline solution
Less than 2 or greater than 12.5
able to corrode metal containers
Test with pH electrometric measurement and corrosivity toward steel

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7
Q

Ignitable

A

Ignitable wastes can create fires under certain conditions, undergo spontaneous combustion, or have a flash point less than 140 F
Test with Pensky-Martens Closed-cup unit
setaflash closed-cup unit
To measure ignitability of solids

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8
Q

Toxic

A

harmful or fatal when ingested or absorbed
leaches and pollutes ground water

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9
Q

Reactive

A

Unstable under normal conditions
may cause explosions or release toxic fumes, gases,, or vapors when heated, compressed, or mixed with water.

Waste is evaluated for reactivity using narrative criteria from hazardous waste regulations

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10
Q

volatile organic compounds

A

High vapor pressure and low water solubility
Produced from manufacture of paints, pharmaceuticals, and refrigerants
Emitted as gases from certain solids or liquids.

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11
Q

Heavy Metals

A

RCRA has listed 8 major heavy metals as hazardous to life and environments.

arsenic, barium, cadmium, chromium, lead, mercury, selenium, and silver. Each is extremely toxic, meaning that it can be harmful or fatal if ingested or absorbed, or that it can leach into the soil or groundwater when landfilled

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12
Q

Oxidizer

A

Material that may, generally by yielding oxygen, cause or enhance the combustion of other materials.

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13
Q

What is a hazardous material

A
  1. Manufacturers are required by OSHA to prepare a Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for a
    hazardous material
  2. Labels have a specific hazard warnings, graphics or phrases (e.g. caution, danger,
    irritant, toxic)
  3. If the material is on a state or federal hazardous material list
  4. If the material falls in a U.S. Department of Transportation “Hazard Class”
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14
Q

Carcinogen

A

Carcinogen: An agent that is directly involved in causing cancer.

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15
Q

Vapor pressure

A

Vp is the force exerted by a vapor against the sides of a container or against atmospheric pressure.

Chemicals that have high Vps have a greater tendency to vaporize than those with lower Vps.

A chemical is said to be more volatile if it has a greater tendency of a chemical to vaporize.

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16
Q

Specific Gravity

A

Specific gravity is the ratio of a liquid’s density as compared to water, with water being given a numerical value of one (1).

Thus, if the specific gravity is less than one (1)—for example, 0.79—then that liquid will float in water.

Conversely, if a liquid has a specific gravity greater than one (1), that liquid will sink in water.

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17
Q

Vapor density

A

Vapor density is the relative weight of a gas or vapor as compared to air, with air being given a numerical value of one (1).

For example, If the vapor density is 0.79 thus less than one (1), then that vapor will rise in normal atmosphere.
Conversely, if a gas has a vapor density greater than one (1)—for example, if the vapor density is 1.79—that vapor will sink and concentrate in normal atmosphere.

This is important to note because most hazmat incidents are not easily identifiable through sight or smell and there are only 14 gases that have vapor densities less than 1.

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18
Q

Boiling point

A

The boiling point of a hazardous material, such as a flammable liquid, is the temperature at which it transitions from a liquid to a gas:

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19
Q

Flash point

A

Flash point is the minimum temperature at which a liquid forms a vapor above its surface in sufficient concentration that it can be ignited.

Flammable liquids have a flash point of less than 100°F. Liquids with lower flash points ignite easier. Combustible liquids have a flashpoint at or above 100°F.

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20
Q

Combustible

A

Substances capable of burning or catching fire, burn easily.

A combustible liquid is a liquid having a has a flash point above 60.5 °C (141 °F) and below 93 °C (200 °F).

Because of these flashpoints, they are labeled as Class 3 Hazardous Waste by the US Department of Transportation

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21
Q

What are the modes of chemical exposure

A

*1 D for 3 I**
Dermal
Inhalation
Ingested
Injection

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22
Q

What are the time and quantity limits for a CESQ

A

A conditionally exempt small quantity generator is less than or equal to 100 kg.(220lbs. or 27 gal.) / month (acute extreme is less than 2.2 lbs = 1 kg.)

Accumulation clock starts the day they reach 100 kg (approximately 27 gallons) of waste
Can accumulate for 90 days from that point

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23
Q

What are the time and quantity limits for a SQG

A

A small quantity generator can hold 100 kg - 1,000 kg/ month (27gals-264 gals.)

Accumulation clock starts with first drop
Can accumulate less than or equal to 180 days OR less than or equal to 270 days if transporting >200 miles

*on-site quantity limits is 6000kg

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24
Q

What are the time and quantity limits for large quantity generator?

A

Large quantity generators stores greater than 1000 kg (2200 lbs/264 gals.)
Accumulation clock starts with first drop
Can accumulate only 90 days

no on-site quantity limits

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25
Hazardous Waste Labeling
5 items that must be on the container: -Words “Hazardous Waste” -Generator Name and Address -Hazardous Properties of the Waste -Composition & Physical State of the Waste -Accumulation Start Date *Also must mark the period accumulation begins if not the “accumulation start date”
26
What are good waste storage management practices
Good condition and compatible with the contents held inside of containers Separate incompatible haz chemicals Secure covers Secondary containment is required Maintain seismic stability - The stability of structural systems under dynamic and repeated loading due to earthquakes, wind, and industrial excitations inspected weekly ignitable reactive waste are 50' from property line
27
What is on-site treatment and/or disposal? What is required? Examples??
changing a hazardous waste to make it less hazardous, prior to disposal or discharge Treat in a tank or container If receiving, treating, and/or disposing on-site a permit from DTSC required Facilities that treat own hazardous are permitted by the CUPA Adjusting pH, Grinding, Ion exchange, reducing, gravity settling, etc.
28
Requirements for employee training and safety records
-directed by trained HWM -designed to respond with equipment and handle systems -relevant to designated employee -documentation details vary with generator type
29
How are samples taken
Samples depend on method Random - little sample Stratified - pippette size -Systematic - 20 samples every five minutes
30
Methods to sample
prior to sampling consider waster characteristics (uniformity, form, accessibility) And determine the best method: Random - unknown substance Stratified - liquid form Systematic - mobile or dynamic predetermined based on numbers sampled
31
Transportation requirements for hazardous samples
In California, unless specifically exempted, it is unlawful for any person to transport hazardous wastes, unless the person holds a valid registration issued by the Department of Toxic Substances Control (DTSC)
32
Name some testing and monitoring equipment for hazardous material
Combustible gas meter Coliwasa tubes - long tube to test barrels Draeger tubes - reagent to see reaction Photoioinization detector - test VOC gas Hazcat testing - lots of reagent test Interpret lab data detection limits QA/QC Spikes and Blanks (prepped or clear)
33
What are form Test Methods for hazardous material
Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure. Ignitability (Flash Point) Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) pH Testing.
34
Plume modeling
computer based predicter for path and concentration of airborne contaminates
35
Hydrogeologic principles for remediation and site clean-up
Characterization. The goal of the Characterization Phase is to discover as much as possible about the extent of contamination. ... Decontamination. The Decontamination Phase involves the selection and implementation of water treatment and infrastructure decontamination. ... Clearance.
36
Chemical transport of hazardous spills
It may be appropriate to describe the types of vehicles and containers that will be used to haul a given material. Identify the capacity and special features to prevent releases (e.g., dust covers) for each vehicle type. The transporter should be identified as early as possible. Submit proof of valid hauler registration. Vehicles utilized are properly registered, operated, and placarded in compliance with local, state, and federal requirements.
37
Vandose monitoring system
Vadose zone monitoring (VZM) is a system that measures the chemical and hydraulic properties of the unsaturated zone, or vadose zone, between the ground surface and the water table.
38
MSDS
MAterial Safety data sheet now known as SDS safety data sheet required for all Hazardous chemicals not covered by the HCS (Hazardous Communication Standard) Community right to know requirements from EPCRA requires facilitiesing handling storing HAZchemicals to submit sheets to SERC or TERC, LEPC TEPC and local fire department **The commissions and committees created by EPCRA are the State Emergency Response Commissions (SERCs), Tribal Emergency Response Commissions (TERCs), Local Emergency Planning Committees (LEPCs), and Tribal Emergency Planning Committees (TEPCs).
39
What's proper 65
Proposition 65, officially known as the Safe Drinking Water and Toxic Enforcement Act of 1986, The proposition protects the state's drinking water sources from being contaminated with chemicals known to cause cancer, birth defects or other reproductive harm, and requires businesses to inform Californians about exposures to such chemicals. Proposition 65 requires the state to maintain and update a list of chemicals known to the state to cause cancer or reproductive toxicity.
40
What are safe working conditions TWA for noise, airborne concentrations,, and substances
Total Weight Average - Noise 85 db for 8 hours Airborne - 1ppm for 8 hours Weight based on - permissible exposure limit (PEL) is the highest level of exposure an employee can be exposed to without adverse health effects
41
STEL
Short-Term Exposure Limit (STEL) The average exposure to a contaminant to which a worker may be exposed during a short time period (typically 15 – 30 minutes)
42
IDLH
IDLH or Immediately dangerous to life or health means an atmospheric concentration of any toxic, corrosive or asphyxiant substance that poses an immediate threat to life or would cause irreversible or delayed adverse health effects or would interfere with an individual's ability to escape from a dangerous atmosphere.
43
What is SARA a part of?
the Emergency Planning & Community Right to Know Act
44
What is CERCLA a part of
The superfund act
45
Which act regulated the introduction of new chemicals and regulated already existing chemicals?
Toxic Substances Control Act
46
How many levels of disaster emergency response are recognized by the government?
3
47
How long should you idle circulated chlorinated well water?
8 hours
48
In disaster events where should you bury feces?
In a deep hole buried with 18 inches of dirt cover, 100' from well or surface water.
49
What kills tree root?
Copper sulfate
50
How many feet of suitable soil must be the leach pits and/or absorption trenches from the HIGHEST GROUNDWATER level of clay, rock, or other impermeable layer?
2 feet
51
Loam Sandy soil helps prevent?
Prevents bacteria from reaching saturated soils beneath on-site septic tank absorption trenches
52
An underground storage tank must be located how many feet from ground water?
At least a 1000'
53
Group of Organic compound Arrangement of carbon atoms closed ring structure reassembling boats, chairs, or birdcages is??
ALICYCLIC hydrocarbons
54
Major group of unsaturated cyclic hydrocarbons one or more rings typified by benzene 6 carbon rings with double bonds group of compounds which include petroleum and coal tar
Aromatic
55
Major groups of Organic compounds straight or branched chain arrangement of constituent carbon atoms
Aliphates
56
Example of corrosive hazardous water is
Chlorines
57
A typical example of an ignitable hazardous waste would not include sodium metals. paints. solvents. petroleum products.
Solvents
58
Hazardous waste from an unspecified source would be listed on the
U list
59
A generator may not treat, store or dispose of hazardous waste, or offer it for transportation without a(n) EPA identification number. MSDS. Uniform Hazardous Waste Manifest. written note from his mom.
EPA identification number.
60
A small quantity generator is a generator that, in a calendar month, generates less than 55 kg of non-acutely hazardous waste. more than 25 kg, but less than 150 kg of non-acutely hazardous waste. less than 100 kg of non-acutely hazardous waste. less than 100 kg of acutely hazardous waste.
less than 100 kg of non-acutely hazardous waste.
61
Command post for hazardous material incident should be located?
Upwind - cold zone
62
Most rapid and efficient route for exposure is?
Inhalation

REHS - STUDY GUIDE (17 decks)

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