viral infections of the RT

Question 1

symptoms of common cold

Answer 1

rhinitis
pharyngitis
NO high fever, LRT involvement, or resp distress

Question 2

what differentiates common cold from other resp syndromes

Answer 2

lack of high fever, LRT involvement, or resp distress

Question 3

complications of common cold

Answer 3

otitis media
sinus infection
exacerbation of asthma

Question 4

pathology of common cold

Answer 4

virus gets into epithelial tissue mucosa -> infects cells and replicates -> damage to epithelial cells -> activation of host defenses

Question 5

etiology of common cold

Answer 5

RHINOVIRUS most common cause
CORONAVIRUS is second most common cause
also adenovirus, coxsackievirus, parainfluenza, RSV, influenza

Question 6

rhinovirus virology

Answer 6

picornavirus (small RNA)
+ ssRNA
non-enveloped = stable and easy to spread

Question 7

clinical features of rhinovirus

Answer 7

respiratory secretions
transmission via direct contact with nasal secretions, large droplets, contaminated fomites
LOW INOCULUM needed for infection
1-3 day incubation (short)

Question 8

non-SARS coronavirus virology

Answer 8

enveloped
+ ssRNA
GLYCOPROTEINS = corona

Question 9

non-SARS coronavirus clinical features

Answer 9

replicate in epithelial cells of resp tract
well adapted to temp of URT
transmission via large droplets
incubation 3 days
outbreaks in winter and spring
infants and children

Question 10

adenovirus virology

Answer 10

non-enveloped
dsDNA
FIBER PROTEINS on ICOSAHEDRAL CAPSID:
used for attachment, are toxic to cells

Question 11

adenovirus clinical features

Answer 11

1, 2, and 5 = respiratory disease
most common under age 5
transmission via oral, droplet inhalation, CONJUNCTIVA
can be shed for 18 months after infection
no seasonal pattern

Question 12

adenovirus pathogenesis

Answer 12

replicates in epithelial cells
causes tissue damage (necrosis and inflammation)
can enter LYMPHOID TISSUES

Question 13

other illnesses caused by adenovirus

Answer 13

pharyngoconjunctival fever
croup
bronchiolitis
pneumonia
serotypes 40 and 41 -> GI disease
serotypes 4 and 7 -> military resp disease

Question 14

coxsackievirus virology

Answer 14

a

Question 15

coxsackievirus clinical features

Answer 15

a

Question 16

other diseases caused by coxsackievirus

Answer 16

herpangina

hand foot and mouth

Question 17

3 other viruses that can cause common cold symptoms

Answer 17

influenza B and C
RSV
parainfluenza

Question 18

croup symptoms

Answer 18

a

Question 19

croup treatment

Answer 19

a

Question 20

croup diagnosis

Answer 20

a

Question 21

steeple sign

Answer 21

a

Question 22

parainfluenza virology

Answer 22

a

Question 23

parainfluenza clinical features

Answer 23

a

Question 24

parainfluenza pathogenesis

Answer 24

a

Question 25

primary cause of bronchiolitis in children

Answer 25

RSV

secondary causes: parainfluenza type 3, rhinovirus, influenza, mumps

Question 26

treatment of RSV

Answer 26

Ribavirin for special populations:
premature infants
immunocompromised
congenital heart disease
chronic lung disease

Question 27

prevention of RSV

Answer 27

passive immunoprophylaxis for infants with special conditions
two agents:
palivizumab
RSIG

Question 28

RSV virology

Answer 28

paramyxovirus
enveloped
- ssRNA

Question 29

mechanism of ribavirin

Answer 29

inhibits guanosine biosynthesis and mRNA capping

promotes hypermutation of genome

Question 30

influenza virus virology

Answer 30

orthomyxovirus
enveloped
-ssRNA

Question 31

influenza A

Answer 31

most serious
often severe influenza
pandemics
humans, swine, avians, equines, marine mammals
DRIFT AND SHIFT
8 segments

Question 32

influenza B

Answer 32

occasionally severe influenza
occasional epidemics
HUMANS ONLY
DRIFT ONLY
8 segments

Question 33

influenza C

Answer 33

usually mild influenza
limited outbreaks
humans and SWINE
DRIFT ONLY
7 segments