antigen presentation and MHC Flashcards

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1
Q

what region of HLA gene codes for class II MHC proteins

A

D region of HLA gene

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2
Q

what regions of HLA gene encode for class I MHC proteins

A

regions A, B, and C

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3
Q

MHC gene expression is

A

codominant and polymorphic

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4
Q

MHC haplotype

A

total set of MHC genes on each chromosome

inherit one haplotype from each parent

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5
Q

how many class I and class II genes does an individual receive

A
3 different class I and 3 different class II genes from EACH parent
total of 6 different class I and 6 different class II MHC proteins are inherited
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6
Q

role of MHC proteins

A

T lymphocytes only respond to antigen when it is expressed on an antigen presenting cell (APC) in conjunction with MHC proteins

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7
Q

narcolepsy gene

A

HLA-DR2

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8
Q

ankylosing spondylitis gene

A

HLA-B27

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9
Q

how to increase success of long term graft survival in organ transplantation

A

match HLA types

immunosuppressive drugs

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10
Q

why is it a problem that RBCs don’t have MHC molecules

A

in malaria, when RBCs are infected, they cannot alert cytotoxic T cells that they are infected

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11
Q

beta 2 microglobulin is required for

A
cellular expression of alpha chain in class I MHC
without beta 2, can't get MHC I to cell surface
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12
Q

where are MHC proteins

A

surface of all nucleated cells

not on erythrocytes (no nucleus) or corneal epithelial cells

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13
Q

where are MHC class I proteins

A

surface of all nucleated cells

not on erythrocytes (no nucleus) or corneal epithelial cells

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14
Q

where are MHC class II proteins

A

surface of APCs (dendritic cells, macrophages, and B lymphocytes)

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15
Q

polymorphic

A

multiple variants of each gene exist in population

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16
Q

polygenic

A

multiple variants of one gene within an individual’s genome

17
Q

structure of class I MHC

A

alpha and beta chains
alpha is longer than beta
beta 2 microglobulin is required for cellular expression of alpha chain
cleft accommodates peptides that are 9-11 amino acids in length

18
Q

structure of class II MHC

A

alpha and beta chains
equal in length
cleft accommodates peptides that are 10-30 amino acids in length (because cleft is open at ends)

19
Q

MHC restriction

A
CD8+ T cells recognize only protein fragments in cleft of class I MHC
CD4+ T cells recognize only protein fragments in cleft of class II MHC
20
Q

linear determinants

A

T lymphocytes can only recognize linear determinants because only linear can be processed by MHC proteins

21
Q

gamma interferon

A

T lymphocyte is activated by APC
T cell produces gamma IFN
gamma IFN induces higher levels of class II MHC on APCs
gamma IFN also induces expression of class II MHC on epithelial, glial, mesenchymal, and vascular endothelial cells to aid in T cell activation