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Microbiology/Immunology > major groups of disease-causing bacteria > Flashcards

major groups of disease-causing bacteria Flashcards

1
Q

first way to differentiate gram + rods

A

spore forming vs non spore forming

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2
Q

how to differentiate spore forming gram + rods

A

aerobic vs anaerobic

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3
Q

two types of gram + non spore forming rods

A

corynebacterium spp

listeria monocytogenes

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4
Q

one type of anaerobic gram + spore forming rod

A

clostridium spp

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5
Q

Clostridium spp

A 
gram + anaerobic rods, spore forming
normal human intestinal microbiota
soil, water, sewage
strict anaerobes
4 medically relevant species:
C botulinum
C difficile
C perfringens
C tetani
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6
Q

Clostridium types associated with GI infection

A

C botulinum
C difficile
C perfringens

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7
Q

Clostrium types associated with traumatic and puncture wounds

A

C perfringens

C tetani

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8
Q

C botulinum

A

gram + rod, anaerobe, spore forming

flaccid paralysis due to ingestion of botulism toxin (food poisoning)

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9
Q

C difficile

A

gram + rod, anaerobe, spore forming
normal GI microbiota
causes antibiotic associated diarrhea and can progress to toxic mega colon

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10
Q

C perfringens

A

gram + rod, anaerobic, spore forming
found in GI tract of humans, in nature
causes food poisoning, traumatic injury associated cellulitis, myonecrosis with gas grangrene

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11
Q

C tetani

A

gram + rod, anaerobic, spore forming
found in GI tract of humans, in nature
causes tetanus: spores introduced into puncture wound –> toxin production –> spastic paralysis

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12
Q

Bacillus spp

A

gram + rod, aerobic, spore forming
2 medically relevant:
Bacillus cereus (food poisoning)
Bacillus anthracis (anthrax)

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13
Q

Bacillus cereus

A

gram + rod, aerobic, spore forming
single or in pairs
causes diarrhea or emetic food poisoning associated with re-heated rice

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14
Q

Bacillus anthracis

A 
gram + rod, aerobic, spore forming
chains, boxcar
causes 3 kinds of anthrax:
cutaneous anthrax (spore in cut)
pulmonary anthrax (inhalation of spores via working with pelts or bioterrorism)
GI anthrax (ingestion of spores)
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15
Q

how to distinguish between B cereus and B anthracis

A

motility gelatin hydrolysis hemolysis

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16
Q

one type of gram + aerobic spore forming species

A

bacillus spp

includes B cereus and B anthracis

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17
Q

Corynebacterium diptheriae

A

gram + rods, non spore forming
highly pleomorphic (club shaped, Chinese characters)
causes diphtheria, pharyngitis:
malaise and sore throat –> stupor, coma, death

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18
Q

Listeria monocytogenes

A 
gram + rods, facultative anaerobe, non spore forming
INTRACELLULAR PATHOGEN
raw veggies and ready to eat meats
at risk: pregnant women, age extremes
can be transmitter in utero
WIDE TEMP GROWTH RANGE
resistant to salt conc, wide pH range
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19
Q

S aureus

A

gram + cocci, catalase +, coagulase +

20
Q

S epidermidis

A

gram + cocci, catalase +, coagulase -, novobiocin +

21
Q

S saprophyticus

A

gram + cocci, catalase +, coagulase -, novobiocin -

22
Q

Staphylococcus spp

A

gram + cocci, catalase +

23
Q

Streptococcus spp

A

gram + cocci, catalase -

24
Q

S pneumoniae

A

gram + cocci, catalase -, alpha hemolytic, + optochin sensitive/bile soluble

25
Q

S mutans

A

gram + cocci, catalase -, alpha hemolytic, - optochin sensitive/bile soluble

26
Q

S mitis

A

gram + cocci, catalase -, alpha hemolytic, - optochin sensitive/bile soluble

27
Q

enterococcus faecium

A

gram + cocci, catalase -, gamma hemolytic, + growth in 6.5% NaCl
group D

28
Q

enterococcus faecalis

A

gram + cocci, catalase -, gamma hemolytic, + growth in 6.5% NaCl
group D

29
Q

S bovis

A

gram + cocci, catalase -, gamma hemolytic, - growth in 6.5% NaCl
group C

30
Q

S pyogenes

A

gram + cocci, catalase -, beta hemolytic, + bacitracin sensitivity
group A

31
Q

S agalactiae

A

gram + cocci, catalase -, beta hemolytic, - bacitracin sensitivity
group B

32
Q

positive catalase test

A

H2O2 converted to H2O and O2 (bubbles)

33
Q

Neisseria meningitidis

A

gram neg diplococci, + maltose utilization, aerobic
meningitidis, meningococcemia, pneumonia
STRICT PATHOGEN

34
Q

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

A

gram neg diplococci, - maltose utilization, aerobic
STRICT PATHOGEN
gonorrhea, disseminated infections of GU tract, neonatal ocular infections

35
Q

Moraxella catarrhalis

A

gram neg diplococci, aerobic
normal part of URT
bronchitis, bronchopnemonia, sinusitis, otitis media

36
Q

Klebsiella pneumoniae

A

gram neg rod, fast lactose fermentation

37
Q

Escherichia coli

A

gram neg rod, fast lactose fermentation

38
Q

Enterobacter

A

gram neg rod, fast lactose fermentation

39
Q

Citrobacter

A

gram neg rods, slow lactose fermentation

40
Q

Serratia

A

gram neg rods, slow lactose fermentation

41
Q

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

A

gram neg rods, - lactose fermentation, + oxidase

42
Q

Salmonella

A

gram neg rods, - lactose fermentation, - oxidase, + H2S

43
Q

Proteus

A

gram neg rods, - lactose fermentation, - oxidase, + H2S

44
Q

Shigella

A

gram neg rods, - lactose fermentation, - oxidase, - H2S

45
Q

Yersinia

A

gram neg rods, - lactose fermentation, - oxidase, - H2S

46
Q

Coccobacilli

A 
haemophilus influenzae
pasturella
brucella
bordetella pertussis
francisella tularensis
acinetobacter
bartonella

Microbiology/Immunology (30 decks)

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