Viral Infections Flashcards
Cause of slapped cheek syndrome
Parvovirus B-19
Treatment of ophthalmic zoster
acyclovir - drops or tablets - may prefer tablets as less epithelial toxic
Complications of Parvovirus B-19
spontaneous abortion, aplastic crisis, chronic anaemia
What predicts the severity of chicken pox
extremes of age and depressed cell mediated immunity
Causes of erythema multiform
HSV, drug eruptions, mycoplasma pneumonia bacteria
Virus causing chicken pox and shingles
varicella zoster
What medications should be avoided in chicken pox?
ibuprofen (necrotising fasciitis/secondary skin infection), aspirin (reye’s syndrome - leads to liver and brain swelling)
Presentation of chicken pox
generalised rash and fever, itch
What is eczema herpeticum?
the spread of herpes simplex virus to an area of eczema
Patients at risk of aplastic crisis
thalassaemia, sickle cell, hereditary spherocytosis
Sign of ophthalmic zoster
Hutchison’s sign - acute red eye + spots on the nose
Cause of molluscum contagiosum
pox virus
Presentation of Parvovirus B-19 in children
slapped cheek rash which may also occur on limbs
pain lasting longer than 4 weeks after shingles is called…?
post-herpetic neuralgia
How may the chicken pox vaccine help with shingles?
reduces the amount of shingles and associated post-herpetic neuralgia in >70s, routinely given
Most common groups to have shingles
elderly and immunocompromised
Presentation of erythema multiform
target lesions with erythema
complication of shingles…
ophthalmic zonster
where does a recurrent herpes simplex virus usually appear?
around the vermillion border of the mouth
Presentation of Parvovirus B-19 in adults
Polyarthritis of the small joints - may occur without the rash
how does shingles present?
tingling/pain –> erythema –> vesicles in a dermatomal distribution
How does acyclovir work to treat varicella zoster and herpes simplex viruses?
it is a guanosine analogue which is incorporated into the DNA and thus inhibits replication. It does not eradicate latent virus
Presentation of molluscum contagiousum
small pink papules with a depressed central punctum
What does the herpes simplex virus cause?
primary gingivostomatitis - ulceration in and around the mouth
Which type of herpes simplex virus does this describe: main cause of oral lesions, 50% of genital warts, encephalitis?
Herpes simplex type 1
How is molluscum contagiosum treated?
it is self-limiting but may take months
Where does the varicella zoster virus establish latency?
the sensory nerve roots
What type of vaccination is the chicken pox vaccine?
Live attenuated - not routinely given in UK
complications of chicken pox (4)
secondary bacterial infection, pneumonitis, scarring, encephalitis
What sort of pain is produced by shingles?
neuralgia
Which type of herpes simplex virus does this describe: rare cause of oral lesions, 50% of genital warts, encephalitis/disseminated infection?
Herpes simplex type 2
Presentation of Ramsay Hunt Syndrome - Type 2?
pain in the ear, loss of taste from front of the tongue, facial muscle palsy, dry eyes and mouth, vesicular rash (ear canal, tongue, hard palate), may also affect CN VIII (tinnitus, deafness, vertigo)
What is Ramsay Hunt Syndrome - Type 2?
herpes zoster otis - (varicella zoster reactivated in the geniculate ganglion of CN VII)
HPV causing genital warts
6 and 11
HPV causing cervical cancer
16 and 18
Common virus causing warts?
HPV
