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Y2 Dermatology > Skin Cancer > Flashcards

Skin Cancer Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

number of patients with a recurrence of skin squamous cell carcinoma in 5 years

A

50%

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2
Q

High risk areas for skin squamous cell carcinoma to metastasize

A

lips and scalp

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3
Q

5 year survival for Breslow thickness >4mm

A

50%

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4
Q

Examples of environmental carcinogens

A

coal tar, smoking, ionising radiation, arsenic, trauma

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5
Q

Common place for skin squamous cell carcinoma to occur

A

on sun exposed/damaged areas - ear, scalp, lips

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6
Q

Type of clothing used to avoid UV exposure

A

tightly woven, loose fitting, dark clothing

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7
Q

What is this lesion? Describe it

A

Squamous cell carcinoma: Small crusted nodule

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8
Q

What is this and describe the features?

A

Basal cell carcinoma: Has pearly appearance, visible vessels, small

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9
Q

Where does basal cell carcinoma form from?

A

the keratinocytes at the basal layer

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10
Q

What is a lenti malignant melanoma?

A

a slow growing carcinoma in situ found commonly in the head and neck of elderly people

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11
Q

Where does skin squamous cell carcinoma originate from?

A

the keratinocytes from the supra basal layers

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12
Q

How long does it take for a skin cancer to develop from a 1mm to a 4mm Breslow thickness?

A

6 months average

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13
Q

How does the skin squamous cell carcinoma present?

A

hyperkeratotic lump or ulcer, may be painful or bleed

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14
Q

Most aggressive form of melanoma

A

Nodular melanoma - grows vertically very quickly and metastasizes quickly

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15
Q

Acral Lentiginous Melanoma

A

Melanoma found on the palms, soles and the subungual areas - common in black and asian skin types

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16
Q

what is xeroderma pigmentosa?

A

a skin condition where there is extreme photosensitivity

17
Q

precursor lesions to skin squamous cell carcinoma

A

Actinic keratosis; Bowens disease

18
Q

What lesion is seen on this man’s scalp?

A

actinic keratosis

19
Q

Risk factors for skin cancer (7)

A
  1. Sun exposure 2. Xeroderma pigmetosa 3. albinism 4. naevoid BCC (Gorlin’s syndrome) 5. Immunosuppression (transplant patients) 6. HPV infection 7. environmental carcinogens
20
Q

What is this lesion and what is it a precursor for?

A

Bowens disease –> squamous cell carcinoma

21
Q

Risk of metastases from skin squamous cell carcinoma

A

5%

22
Q

Commonest form of skin cancer

A

Basal cell carcinoma

23
Q

Mutation associated with basal cell carcinoma

A

PTCH1

24
Q

description of a basal cell carcinoma

A

painless, slow growing lump or ulcer which can be pearly and translucent. Some may have superficial blood vessels

25
Q

What type of skin cancer are renal patients more likely to get?

A

Squamous cell carcinoma

26
Q

What is Bowen’s disease?

A

an erythematous plaque although the cells do not originate from the epidermis

27
Q

Mutation common in melanoma

A

B-raf (50%)

28
Q

Basal cell carcinoma is likely to metastasize - true or false

A

false

29
Q

5 year survival for skin cancer with metastases

A

~5%

30
Q

What is the Breslow thickness?

A

the thickness of a malignant skin cancer growing vertically into the epidermis/dermis

31
Q

What is this and describe it?

A

Basal cell carcinoma: small, pearly “ulcer” found in a common location for such cancers

32
Q

Three main types of skin cancer

A

Basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, melanoma

33
Q

typical age group for Basal cell carcinoma

A

> 40 years

34
Q

What is this lesion? Describe it

A

Squamous cell carcinoma: Small, red nodule which may have crusted and bled.

35
Q

Where does melanoma form from?

A

the melanocytes in the skin

36
Q

ABCDE of skin cancer

A

Asymmetry, Border, Colour, Diameter (growing more than >6mm), Evolution

37
Q

5 year survival for Breslow thickness <1mm

A

95-100%

38
Q

What is actinic keratosis?

A

precursor lesions which tend to occur together indicating a field of abnormality - areas of extensive sun damage

39
Q

What is Naevoid BCC a.k.a. Gorlin’s syndrome?

A

an AD familial cancer syndrome; frequently develop multiple BCCs around the age of 20 years

Y2 Dermatology (12 decks)

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