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Oral Pathology > Viral Infections > Flashcards

Viral Infections Flashcards

1
Q

diseases caused by herpes simplex virus 1 and 2

A

primary herpetic gingivostomatitis
recurrent herpes (intraoral, labialis)
ocular herpes
genital herpes

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2
Q

diseases caused by varicella zoster virus

A

chicken pox
herpes zoster

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3
Q

diseases caused by epstein barr virus

A

infectious mononucleosis
hairy leukoplakia
nasopharyngeal carcinoma
certain types of lymphomas

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4
Q

diseases caused by cytomegalovirus

A

diseases of salivary glands and lymph nodes

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5
Q

diseases caused by herpesvirus 6 and 7

A

exanthema subitum
exanthem infantum
roseola infantum

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6
Q

diseases caused by herpesvirus 8

A

kaposi’s sarcoma

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7
Q

neurotropic (definition)

A

will be transported via nerves to sensory ganglia

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8
Q

which two viruses are neurotropic?

A

HSV 1 and 2
Varicella zoster

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9
Q

how herpes simplex virus spreads to cause infection

A

spreads through saliva, usually during early childhood

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10
Q

Clinical spectrum of HSV infection

A

95% primary infections are subclinical

5% primary herpetic gingivostomatitis (have aphthous ulcers)

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11
Q

diagnosing HSV infection

A

-clinical presentation characteristic
-exfoliative cytology
-viral culture
-sequential serum antibody titers
-immunohistochemistry on sampled tissue

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12
Q

epithelial cell morphology for HSV infection

A

each cell has multiple large nuclei with glassy chromatin

ballooning degeneration

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13
Q

management of HSV within first few days

A

acyclovir

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14
Q

later management of HSV

A

symptomatic care
topical anesthetics
avoid dehydration

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15
Q

prognosis for HSV

A

generally good
episodes last 10-14 days (without treatment)

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16
Q

preventative measures for HSV

A

care should be taken not to spread virus to other body sites or other people during active infection

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17
Q

triggers for HSV infection

A

triggered by UV light exposure or trauma

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18
Q

prodromal symptoms of HSV infection

A

prodromal itchign or tingling

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19
Q

features of established HSV lesion

A

erythema, followed by cluster of vesicles

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20
Q

Measures that can be taken to reduce recurrence of HSV infection

A

-avoid excess sun exposure
-sunblock
-topical antiviral agent

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21
Q

herpetic whitlow is a hazard associated with not wearing…

A

gloves

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22
Q

should you work on patients if you have herpetic whitlow?

A

no!

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23
Q

incubation period of varicella zoster virus / chicken pox

A

10-20 days

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24
Q

lesion characteristics of chicken pox

A

intensely pruritic exanthum

dew drop on a rose petal

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25
Q

evolution of lesions over course of chicken pox

A

erythema –> vesicle –> pustule –> crust

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26
Q

complications associated with chicken pox

A

-more severe in adults
-reye’s syndrome
-secondary skin infections

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27
Q

epithelial cell morphology with HSV infections

A

acantholysis and free floating Tzanck cells

multinucleated epithelial cells

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28
Q

diagnosis of chicken pox

A

history of exposure
characteristic exanthum

rapid diagnosis from VZV antibodies

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29
Q

treatment of chicken pox

A

antipyretics
avoid aspirin

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30
Q

prevention of chicken pox

A

-live attenuated varicella vaccine
-avoid contact with infected

31
Q

reactivation of neurotrophic VZV results in …

A

herpes zoster (shingles)

32
Q

dermatomic presentation of shingles lesion

A

area of skin supplied by one single nerve

33
Q

unilateral presentation of shingles lesion

A

one nerve on one side (why stops at midline)

34
Q

most common areas affected by shingles lesion

A

thoracolumbar areas

35
Q

treatment of shingles

A

systemic acyclovir

36
Q

postherpetic neuralgia

A

-demyelination of nerves
-can resemble trigeminal neuralgia

can develop after shingles

37
Q

diseases caused by epstein barr virus

A

mononucleosis
oral hairy leukoplakia
burkitt lymphoma
nasopharyngeal carcinoma
some forms of hodgkin lymphoma
lymphoma in AIDS

38
Q

systemic clinical features of infectious mononucleosis

A

-prodrome of fatigue, malaise, anorexia
-fever
-cervical lymphadenopathy
-herpatosplenomegaly
-rash (measles like)

39
Q

oropharyngeal clinical features of mononucleosis

A

tonsillitis
pharyngitis
palatal petechiae

40
Q

treatment of mono

A

non-aspirin antipyretics and NSAIDS

41
Q

potential complications of mono

A

splenic rupture
EBV
bell’s palsy

42
Q

paramyxovirus infections

A

RNA viruses
rubeola
rubella
viral parotitis

43
Q

day 1-3 of measles

A

runy nose
cough
conjunctivitis
fever
KOPLIK SPOTS

44
Q

day 4-6 of measles

A

fever continues
koplik spots fade
morbilliform skin rash begins
skin of face - trunk - extremities

45
Q

day 7-9 of measles

A

fever ends
rash begins to fade
reactive brown pigmentation
desquamation fo affected skin

46
Q

koplik spots

A

numerous small blue-white spots on an erythematous mucosa

like grains of salt on a red background

47
Q

warthin-finkeldey giant cells

A

contain 25+ nuclei

48
Q

potential complications of measles

A

subacute sclerosing panencephalitis

degenerative disorder of CNS
personality changes, seizure, coma, death

49
Q

diagnosis of measles

A

usually in an epidemic situation

antibody titer to viral antigen

50
Q

management of measles

A

prevention by vaccination program

bed rest, fluids, non-aspirin antipyretics

51
Q

German measles birth defect

A

congenital rubella syndrome

52
Q

prodrome features of german measles

A

fever, headache, malaise, anorexia, myalgia, mild conjunctivitis

53
Q

clinical features of german measles

A

exanthematous rash begins on face and neck - spreads to whole body in 1-3 days

pink macules - papules - fades with flaky desquamation

54
Q

seasonal affliction of german measles

A

winter / spring

55
Q

prevention of german measles

A

MMR vaccine

56
Q

forechheimer’s sign

A

small discrete, dark red papules on soft palate

arise with skin rash and last 12-24 hours

57
Q

congenital rubella syndrome

A

deafness, heart disease, cataracts

58
Q

management of german measles

A

non-aspirin antipyretics and analgesics

passive immunotherapy
MMR vaccine

59
Q

viral parotitis

A

diffuse disease of exocrine gland

mumps

60
Q

transmission fo mumps

A

saliva
respiratory droplets
urine

61
Q

prodromal symptoms of mumps

A

low grade fever
headache
malaise
anorexia
myalgia

62
Q

oral clinical features of mumps

A

red and enlarged openings of stensen duct and wharton’s duct (no pus discharge)

bilateral swelling of floor of mouth

63
Q

management of mumps

A

palliative, bed rest, non-aspirin antipyretics, analgesics

64
Q

prevention of mumps

A

MMR vaccine

65
Q

diseases caused by enteroviruses

A

herpangina
hand-foot-mouth disease
acute lymphonodular pharyngitis

66
Q

subfamilies of enteroviruses

A

echovirus
coxsackievirus A and B
poliovirus

67
Q

modes of transmission fo enteroviruses

A

oral fecal
salivary or respiratory droplet infections

68
Q

clinical features of herpangina

A

acute onset of sore throat
1-2mm oral ulcers

69
Q

clinical features of hand-foot-mouth disease

A

flu like symptoms
skin lesions consist of 1-3mm erythematous macules
oral and hand lesions most common

70
Q

clinical features of acute lymphonodular pharyngitis

A

sore throat
1-5 yellow to dark pink papules on soft palate or tonsillar pillars

71
Q

management of herpangina

A

supportive care (analgesics, antipyretics, topical anesthetics)

72
Q

hand-foot-mouth management

A

most lesions resolve within 1 week

73
Q

management of acute lymphonodular pharyngitis

A

non-aspirin antipyretics
anesthetic mouth washes
resolve in 10 days without vesciculation or ulceration

Oral Pathology (14 decks)

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