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Oral Pathology > Developmental Defects of the Oral and Maxillofacial Region > Flashcards

Developmental Defects of the Oral and Maxillofacial Region Flashcards

1
Q

Cause of orofacial cleft

A

genetics
environmental factors

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2
Q

maternal environmental factors of orofacial clefts

A

alcohol consumption
cigarette smoking
folic acid deficiency
corticosteroid use
anticonvulsant therapy

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3
Q

types of orofacial clefts

A

cleft lip and cleft palate
lateral facial cleft
oblique facial cleft
medial facial cleft

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4
Q

fusion defect of lateral facial cleft

A

maxillary and mandibular process

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5
Q

fusion defect of oblique facial cleft

A

upper lip to eye

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6
Q

fusion defect of medial facial cleft

A

median nasal process

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7
Q

most common orofacial cleft

A

cleft lip and cleft palate

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8
Q

cleft lip only prevalence

A

25%

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9
Q

fusion defect of cleft lip

A

median nasal process and maxillary process

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10
Q

most common type of cleft lip

A

80% unilateral
70% left side
70% associated with cleft palate

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11
Q

prevalence of cleft palate only

A

30%

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12
Q

fusion defect of cleft palate

A

palatal shelves

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13
Q

prevalence of cleft lip and palate together

A

45%

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14
Q

complications of cleft palate

A

voice (nasal)
respiratory tract infections
fluid regurgitation
poor seal
dental abnormalities

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15
Q

management of orofacial clefts

A

take into account growth of bone and growth spurts
multiple primary and secondary procedures

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16
Q

defects associated with Pierre-Robin Sequence

A

mandibular micrognathia
macroglossia
cleft palate

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17
Q

sequence of pierre-robin sequence

A
  1. small mandible
  2. no forcing tongue down in development
  3. no room for nasal palatal shelves
  4. cleft palate
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18
Q

presentation of pierre-robin sequence

A

tiny chin
tiny mandible
big tongue
cleft palate

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19
Q

clinical problems associated with Pierre-robin sequence

A

hypoxia
feeding problems
failure to thrive
cerebral impairment
upper airway obstruction by tongue

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20
Q

management of pierre-robin sequence

A

prone position
nasopharyngeal intubation
lip tongue adhesion
mandibular distraction
tracheostomy

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21
Q

clinical features of commissural lip pits

A

-blind tract
-corners of mouth, unilateral or bilateral
-occasionally express saliva

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22
Q

association of commissural lip pits

A

not associated with orofacial clefts
may be associated with preauricular pits

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23
Q

clinical features fo paramedian lip pits

A

-congenital fistulas of the lower lip
-congenital lip pits
-adjacent to midline

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24
Q

associations of paramedian lip pits

A

associated with van der woude syndrome

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25
clinical features of double lip
-redundant tissue -congenital and acquired (trauma, lip sucking habit)
26
associations of double lip
ascher syndrome -double lip -blepharochalasis (edema of upper eyelids) -nontoxic thyroid enlargement / goiter
27
clinical features of fordyce granules
-ectopic sebaceous glands -multiple yellow / white papules -development at puberty -asymptomatic -oral sebaceous glands -no treatment necessary
28
clinical features of leukoderma
-blacks > whites -diffuse, gray-white, milky, opalescent appearance -more prominent in smokers -does not rub off -reduced intensity whens tretched
29
congenital and hereditary causes of macroglossia
-vascular malformation -lymphangioma -hemangioma -cretinism -down syndrome -neurofibromatosis -multiple endocrine neoplasia
30
acquired causes of macroglossia
-edentulism -muscular hypertrophy -amyloidosis -myxedema -acromegaly -neoplasia
31
prevalence of ankyloglossia
1.7-10.7% of neonates M>F
32
impairments associated with ankyloglossia
-short thick lingual frenum -limits tongue mobility -occasional impaired breastfeeding -occasional mild speech impairment
33
management of ankyloglossia
often self correcting frenectomy if necessary
34
diagnosis of lingual thyroid
diagnosis established by thyroid scan using iodine isotopes of technetium-99m
35
gender predilection of lingual thyroid
more common in females
36
clinical features of lingual thyroid
-dysphasia, dyspnea, dysphonia during puberty -avoid biopsy in case only thyroid tissue in body
37
prevalence and complications of lingual thyroid in males
incidence of thyroid carcinoma in lingual thyroid in males is high prophylactic removal of lingual thyroid in males older than 30
38
clinical features of fissured tongue
grooves association with geographic tongue COMPONENT OF MELKERSSON-ROSENTHAL SYNDROME (fissured tongue, facial palsy, cheilitis granulomatosa)
39
management of fissured tongue
no treatment required
40
clinical features of hairy tongue
due to keratin accumulation on filiform papilla colored by tobacco, bacteria, food
41
management of hairy tongue
discontinue tobacco improve oral hygiene brush and scrape tongue
42
clinical features of coated tongue
black tongue - caused by pepto bismole (bismut subsalicylate)
43
exostosis
localized bony prominences (non-tumorous)
44
cause of eagle syndrome
-stylohyoid / carotid artery syndrome -calcified stylohyod ligament -usually happend post tonsillectomy
45
clinical features of eagle syndrome
-compression of adjacent nerves and blood vessels (carotid and sympathetic chain)
46
management of eagle syndrome
reserved for severe cases and include resection of elongated styloid process or calcified stylohyoid ligament
47
stafne defect
latent bone cyst, static bone cyst, lingual mandibular salivary gland depression MANDIBULAR SALIVARY GLAND TISSUE
48
examples of developmental cysts of orofacial region
palatal cysts of newborn nasolabial cyst nasopalatine cyst dermoid cyst thyroglossal tract cyst branchial cleft cyst oral lymphoepithelial cyst
49
epstein's perls / bohn nodules
small whitish yellow keratin filled papules
50
nasolabial cystestein pearls location
midline junciton of hard and soft palate
51
management of epstein perls
asymptomatic and resolve spontanously within few weeks
52
location of nasolabial cyst
upper lip, lateral to midline
53
clinical features of nasolabial cyst
asymptomatic swelling of upper lip with obliteration of nasolabial fold swelling of the vestibule
54
management of nasolabial cyst
surgical excision
55
symptoms and clinical features of cyst of incisive canal
male predilection anterior midline maxilla swelling
56
x-ray features of cyst of incisive canal
well circumscribed inverted pear / heart shape radiolucency of incisive foramen between and splaying roots of maxillary central incisors
57
treatment of cyst of incisive canal
excision via palatal approach, recurrence is rare
58
location of dermoid cyst
midline floor of mouth
59
clinical features of dermoid cyst
-slow growing, painless mass -doughy or rubbery consistency -pitting following pressure
60
microscopic features of dermoid cyst
lined by orthokeratinied squamous epihtlium abundant luminal keratin
61
management of dermoid cysts
surgical excision
62
location of branchial cleft cyst
upper lateral neck anterior and deep to SCM
63
clinical features of branchial cleft cyst
occasional residual cysts, fistulae, or sinus tract form embryonic branchial arches soft, fluctuant mass
64
microscopic features of branchial cleft cyst
lined by squamous epithelium variable keratinization occasional respiratory epithelium mural lymphoid tissue
65
location of oral lymphoeptihlial cyst
develops in oral lymphoid tissue (waldeyer ring) in young adults
66
clinical features of oral lymphoeptihlial cyst
asymptomatic submucosal mass white to yellow in color soft to firm on palpation normal overylying mucosa
67
microscopic features of oral lymphoepthelial cyst
microscopically similar to branchial cleft cyst lined by parakeratinized squamous epithelium lumen filled with desquamated epithlium and keratin lymphoid tissue in cyst wall
68
location of thyroglossal tract cyst
foramen cecum to suprasternal notch
69
clinical features of thyroglossal tract cyst
painless, fluctuant, midline swelling
70
microscopic features of thyroglossal tract cyst
lined by squamous epithelium thyroid tissue in cyst wall rarely papillary adenocarcinoma of thyroid
71
cause of hemifacial hyperplasia
unknown
72
clinical features of hemifacial hyperplasia
unilateral macroglossia with enlarged tooth crowns -asymmetry often noted at birth -F>M -increased prevalence of abdominal tumors -sometimes associated with port wine stain
73
management of hemifacial hyperplasia
cosmetic surgery and orthodontic treatment after cessation of growth
74
cause of hemifacial atrophy
unkown
75
clinical features of hemifacial atrophy
unilateral degeneration and atrophy -onset during first two decades -stabilizes after few years
76
management of hemifacial atrophy
surgery and orthodontic therapy after condition stabilizes
77
clinical features of segmental odontomaxillary dysplasia
unilateral expansion of posterior maxillary alveolar process with gingival enlargement -variable absence of premolars and primary molar anomolies -delayed eruption of teeth -bone exhibits granular, radiopaque appearance
78
craniosynostosis syndromes
premature closure of cranial sutures
79
crouzon syndrome
abnormal skull shape compression of cranial nerves increased intracranial pressure reduced choanae crowding pseudocleft palate beaten metal appearance of skull
80
apert syndrome
same skull features as crouzon syndrome patients suffer from limb defects
81
management of craniosynostosis syndromes
craniectomy for relief of pressure plastic surgery orthognathic surgery

Oral Pathology (14 decks)

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