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Oral Pathology > Abnormalities of Teeth > Flashcards

Abnormalities of Teeth Flashcards

1
Q

systemic factors that influence enamel

A

birth trauma
chemicals
chromosomal anomalies
infections
inherited diseases
malnutrition
systemic disease
neurologic disease

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2
Q

local factors that influence enamel

A

physical trauma
electrical burn
radiation
local infection

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3
Q

which teeth are most affected - turner tooth

A

facial of premolars and central incisors

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4
Q

why are premolars affected by turner tooth

A

usually because abscess under mandibular 1st molars (premolars are pelow)

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5
Q

why are central incisors often impacted by turner tooth

A

trauma of central incisors

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6
Q

molar incisor hypomineralization ethnic predilection

A

norther europeans (unknown cause)

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7
Q

clinical features of molar incisor hypomineralization

A

-white, yellow, or brown enamel
-soft and porous
-enamel chips easily
-teeth very sensitivity and difficult to anesthetize

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8
Q

hypoplasia cuased by antineoplastic therapy

A

-age at time of therapy
-form and dose of therapy
-can lead to hypodontia, microdontia, radicular hypoplasia, enamel hypoplasia, mandibular hypoplasia

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9
Q

mottled enamel (dental fluorosis)

A

white, chalky demineralization
occasional pitting
caries resistance

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10
Q

optimal levels of fluoride in water

A

0.7 ppm

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11
Q

attrition

A

tooth to tooth contact
physiologic
occlusal and incisal edges + proximal surfaces
wear is prominent in bruxism

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12
Q

abrasion

A

pathological wearing of tooth structure
external agent (ex. improper brushing)

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13
Q

erosion

A

non-bacterial chemical loss
food / drink / chemical / GERD

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14
Q

perimolysis

A

erosion from gastric contents

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15
Q

abfraction

A

occlusal stress - flexural - fracture
usually cervical enamel

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16
Q

internal resorption

A

uncommon
pink tooth of mummery

OUTLINE OF PULP CANAL IS WIDENED

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17
Q

treatment for internal resorption

A

endo therapy prior to perforation

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18
Q

external resorption

A

common
caused by trauma, cysts, tumors, inflammation

OUTLINE OF PULP CANAL IS NOT WIDENED

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19
Q

causes of extrinsic staining

A

chromogenic bacteria
ferric sulfide
coffee / tea / tobacco
gingival hemorrhage
medications
stannous fluoride
chlorohexidine

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20
Q

congenital erythropoietic porphyria

A

-porphyrin deposition in teeth
-red/brown discoloration
-red fluorescence

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21
Q

hyperbilirubinemia

A

-from RBC breakdown
-erythroblastosis fetalis
-biliary atresia
-green discoloration

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22
Q

calcific metamorphosis

A

only impacts dental pulp, no pulp seen in radiographs

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23
Q

lepromatous leprosy

A

pink / red discoloration

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24
Q

dental amalgam

A

gray / black

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25
Q

medications causing intrinsic staining

A

tetracyclines (yellow / brown)
minocycline (blue / grey)

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26
Q

extrinsic stain managemetn

A

mechanical removal

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27
Q

intrinsic stain management

A

chemical removal, cosmetic restorations

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28
Q

most common impacted teeth

A

17 / 32
1 / 16
6 / 11

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29
Q

treatment options for impacted teeth

A

observation
orthodontically assisted eruption
transplantation
extration

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30
Q

ankylosis

A

cessation of eruption after emergence
fusion with alveolar bone
tooth below occlusal plane

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31
Q

hypodontia

A

reduction in number of teeth

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32
Q

anodontia

A

complete lack of tooth formation

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33
Q

oligodontia

A

lack of 6+ teeth

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34
Q

pseudo-oligodontia

A

failure of eruption

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35
Q

natal teeth problems

A

no lip seal
problems with suckling
trauma to breast
trauma to infant tongue

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36
Q

microdontia (definition)

A

small teeth

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37
Q

microdontia is most often found in

A

lateral incisors (peg laterals) and maxillary third molars

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38
Q

macrodontia (definition)

A

large teeth

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39
Q

pituitary gigantism (+association)

A

increase in amount of growth hormone (generalized macrodontia)

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40
Q

macrodontia and jawbone size

A

teeth might be normal size, maxilla + mandible are small

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41
Q

unilateral macrodontia is associated with

A

hemifacial hyperplasia (half of face is large, teeth on one side larger)

42
Q

germination

A

single enlarged tooth or joined double tooth. tooth count is normal

43
Q

fusion

A

single enlarged tooth, fused teeth share cementum and dentin.

44
Q

is the tooth count normal with fusion?

A

no, reduced by one

45
Q

is the tooth count normal with germination?

A

yes!

46
Q

concrescence (definition)

A

fusion of roots by cementum

two fully formed teeth, joined along root surface by cementum

47
Q

concrescence is related to

A

trauma and crowding

48
Q

how does fusion affect extraction of teeth?

A

if trying to extract tooth + root is fused to adjacent tooth, that will pose problems

49
Q

cusp of carabelli

A

palatal surface of mesiopalatal cusp of maillary permanent first molar

50
Q

what is most important to remember about the cusp of carabelli?

A

must restore when doing restorative procedures

51
Q

talon cusp

A

enlarged cingulum

52
Q

talon cusps are most common in which teeth?

A

maxillary lateral and central incisors

53
Q

dens evaginatus (leong’s premolar)

A

additional cusp in the center of occlusal surface

54
Q

which teeth do dens evaginatus affect the most?

A

primarily affects premolars

55
Q

what 3 clinical implications are there for dens evaginatus?

A
  1. early wear
  2. pulp exposure
  3. interferes with occlusion
56
Q

shovel shaped incisors

A

most often found in maxillary incisors

no clinical implications

57
Q

dens in dente / dens invaginatus

A

tooth inside a tooth

58
Q

dens invaginatus clinical complications

A
  1. tooth more prone to caries
  2. decay not visible
59
Q

enamel pearl location

A

CEJ of buccal root furcation of molars

60
Q

are enamel pearls more common in the maxilla or mandible?

A

maxilla

61
Q

clinical importance of enamel pearls

A

loss of periodontal attachment
inflammatory cysts

62
Q

enamel pearls + extraction

A

must engage pearls during extraction

63
Q

cervical enamel extensions

A

enamel should stop at cervical margin. if enamel goes more apical, introducing furcation to oral cavity

64
Q

buccal bifurfaction cyst

A

typically occur in children (when molar is erupting), swelling and severe pain

65
Q

taurodontism

A

enlargement of body and pulpal chamber of premolar or (usually) molar teeth, apical displacement of pulpal floor

66
Q

which dimension of the pulp chamber increases in taurodontism?

A

occluso-apical dimension

67
Q

is the furcation more apically or coronally positioned in taurodontism?

A

apically positioned

68
Q

clinical ipmlications of taurodontism

A

incidental finding

no furcation to grasp if extracting

69
Q

hypercementosis

A

excessive deposition of cementum (normal PDL space, intact lamina dura)

70
Q

hypercementosis is often seen with ______

A

paget’s disease

71
Q

dilaceration

A

abnormal angulation (bend) in a tooth root

72
Q

how can dilceration happen?

A

truama
masses (tumors) in way of developing root/crown

73
Q

dilacerations are more likely to _______ during extraction

A

fracture

74
Q

supernumerary roots / extra roots most commonly seen in

A

third molars

75
Q

clinical implications of supernumerary roots

A

supernumerary roots tend to be super slender and thin (difficult in endodontic therapy and extractions)

76
Q

amelogenesis imperfecta

A

hereditary disorder of enamel

77
Q

3 steps of enamel formation

A
  1. deposition of organic matrix
  2. mineralization of matrix
  3. maturation
78
Q

hypoplastic amelogenesis imperfecta

A

inadequate deposition of enamel matrix

79
Q

size of teeth in hypoplastic amelogenesis imperfecta

A

small

80
Q

morphology of enamel in hypoplastic amelogenesis imperfecta

A

rough type with enamel pitting, smooth type with no pitting

OPEN CONTACTS

81
Q

hypomineralized amelogenesis imperfecta

A

inadequate mineralizaiton

82
Q

size of teeth in hypomineralized amelogenesis imperfecta

A

normal size

83
Q

teeth with hypomineralized amelogenesis are more prone to _____

A

caries

84
Q

morphology of enamel with hypomineralized amelogenesis imperfecta

A

enamel is soft and cheesy, lost early

85
Q

early wear staining with hypomineralized amelogenesis imperfecta

A

stains easily

black / brown in color

86
Q

hypomaturation type of amelogenesis imperfecta

A

mineralized enamel fails to mature (water of mineralization is retained, hydoxyapatite crystals fail to enlarge)

87
Q

morphology of enamel with hypomaturation type of amelogenesis iperfecta

A

not hard enough, easily penetrated with explorer tip, chips away from underlying dentin

88
Q

characteristic feature of hypomaturation type of amelogenesis imperfecta

A

mottled or snow capped enamel surface

89
Q

dentinal disorders

A

hereditary disorders of the dentin

related to osteogenesis imperfecta

90
Q

type I dentinogenesis imperfecta

A

associated with osteogenesis imperfecta

91
Q

type II dentinogenesis imperfecta

A

isolated to teeth

92
Q

radiogrpahic features fo dentinogenesis imperfecta (3)

A
  1. crowns are bulbous
  2. cervical constriction
  3. absence of pulp chamber and canals
93
Q

clinical features of dentinogenesis imperfecta

A

teeth appear translucent, opalescent

94
Q

expected complications of dentinogenesis imperfecta

A

implants cannot be used! be careful, even with routine procedures (easy to fracture bone)

95
Q

type I dentin dysplasia

A

radicular type (rootless teeth)

roots very short, pulps obliterated, periapical lesions

96
Q

radiographic differences between type I dentin dysplasia and dentinogenesis imperfecta

A

no bulbous tooth or cervical constriction in dentin dysplasia

97
Q

expected complicaitons of type I dentin dysplasia

A

periodontal concerns (periapical pathologies)

98
Q

type II dentin dysplasia

A

coronal type

enlarged pulps, thistle tube appearance

99
Q

expected complications with type II dentin dysplasia

A

pulp stones

100
Q

ghost teeth of regional odontodysplasia

A

affects enamel, dentin, and pulp

manage with extraction

Oral Pathology (14 decks)

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