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Oral Pathology > Bacterial Infections > Flashcards

Bacterial Infections Flashcards

1
Q

impetigo is caused by (2 bacteria)

A

streptococcus pyogenes
staphylococcus aureus

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2
Q

most cases of impetigo arise in _____ skin

A

damaged

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3
Q

non-bullous impetigo

A

-more contagious
-more common
-vesicles rupture + crusty

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4
Q

treatment of non-bullous impetigo

A

remove crust with cloth soaked in warm soapy water before applying medication

topical mupirocin

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5
Q

bullous impetigo

A

-staph aureus
-poorly sanitized towels in hospitals
-large flaccid bullae

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6
Q

treatment of bullous impetigo

A

systemic antibiotics

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7
Q

are most cases of pharyngitis and tonsillitis viral or bacterial?

A

viral

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8
Q

common viral pathogens for pharyngitis and tonsillitis?

A

adenovirus
enterovirus
EBV
influenza
parainfluenza

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9
Q

if pharyngitis / tonsillitis is viral…

A

NO FEVER

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10
Q

clinical features of viral pharyngitis?

A

-no fever
-conjunctivitis
-runny nose
-diarrhea
-cough

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11
Q

cause of bacterial strep throat

A

group A, B-hemolytic streptococci

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12
Q

how strep throat spreads

A

droplet contamination directly

fomites and food contaminated by droplets

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13
Q

clinical features of strep throat

A

-winter / early spring
-sudden onset
-temperature 101-104 deg
-sore throat
-palatal petichiae
-regional lymphadenopath

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14
Q

diagnosis of strep

A

rapid antigen detection (less reliable than throat swab)

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15
Q

management of strep throat

A

-usually self limiting
-still give antibiotics to prevent further conditions

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16
Q

etiology of scarlet fever

A

-systemic infection begins with streptococcal tonsillitis / pharyngitis

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17
Q

bacterial cause of scarlet fever

A

group A, B-hemolytic streptococci

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18
Q

clinical features of scarlet fever

A

-fever
-skin rash that looks like sunburn with goosebumps
-white strawberry tongue (first few days)
-red strawberry tongue (day 4-5)

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19
Q

laboratory diagnosis of scarlet fever

A

rapid antigen detection test

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20
Q

treatment of scarlet fever

A

-penicillin
-rash clears in 1 weak - skin desquamates over period of 2-3 weeks

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21
Q

tonsillar concretions

A

crypts filled with desquamated debris, food, bacteria

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22
Q

clinical features of tonsillar stones

A

-no pain, foreign object sensation
-enlarged crypts filled with creamy yellow calcified material
-surrounding tonsillar tissue uninflamed
-may contribute to halitosis

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23
Q

radiographic presentation of tonsillar stones

A

superimposed over ramus of mandible

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24
Q

management of tonsillar stones

A

if asymptomatic, no treatment necessary

gargling with salt water
remove by curetting

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25
Q

bacterium of diptheria

A

corynebacterium diphtheriae

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26
Q

preventative measures to boost immunity to diphtheria

A

immunization (tdap / PDT)

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27
Q

incubtation of diphtheria

A

1-5 days

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28
Q

clinical features of diphtheria

A

-hemorrhagic or mucoid discharge
-tonsils have patchy, yellow / white film
-gray membrane extends to involve soft palate (NECROSIS)
-bull neck

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29
Q

toxin related clinical features of diphtheria

A

-neuropathy and paralysis of oculomotor, facial, pharyngeal, diaphragmatic, intercostal muscles

-myocarditis

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30
Q

diagnosis of diphtheria

A

clinical presentation is characteristic

swab under membrane

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31
Q

treatment for diphtheria

A

treat in early phases!!

antitoxin and antibiotics

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32
Q

cure confirmation of diphterhia

A

cure confirmation requires 3 consecutive negative cultures

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33
Q

prognosis of diphtheria

A

mortality <5% if treated ealry

34
Q

syphilis organism

A

treponema pallidum

35
Q

3 ways syphilis is spread

A
  1. intimate sexual contact (acquired syphilis)
  2. transplacental transmission (congenital syphilis)
  3. contaminated blood exposure
36
Q

acquired syphilis - primary

A

-occurs at point of contact
-relatively painless ulceration (chancre)
-resolves spontaneously in 3-8 weeks

37
Q

acquired syphilis - secondary

A

-now rest of body involved
-develops 4-10 weeks after initial infection
-erythematous maculopapular cutaneous infection

38
Q

acquired syphilis - tertiary

A

develops after latent period of 1-30 years

CNS impacted
gumma formation (perforation)

39
Q

congenital syphilis pregnancy outcome

A

still born, death soon after

40
Q

of those born alive with congenital syphilis…

A

2/3rd no symptoms
symptoms develop late

41
Q

symptoms of congenital syphilis

A

fever
skin rash
hepatitis
jaundice
anemia
seizures

42
Q

clinical features of congenital syphilis

A

saddle nose deformity
syphilitic rhagades
saber shins
hutchinson’s triad

43
Q

hutchinson’s triad

A
  1. malformed incisors and molars
  2. ocular interstitial keratitis
  3. 8th nerve deafness
44
Q

screening test for syphilis

A

VDRL (venereal disease research laboratory test)

45
Q

specific antibody test for syphilis

A

FTA (fluorescent treponemal antibody) test

46
Q

treatment for syphilis

A

penicillin

47
Q

cause of TB

A

mycobacterium tuberculosis

48
Q

transmission fo TB

A

droplet transmission

49
Q

clinical features of TB

A

low grade fever
night sweats
consumption (weight loss)
chronic bloody cough

50
Q

clinical features of TB are similar to

A

sarcoidosis

51
Q

scrofula

A

tuberculous lymphadenitis

calcified cervical lymph nodes

52
Q

oral lesions of TB

A

uncommon

solitary chronic painless ulcers

53
Q

skin test with PPD

A

very technique sensitive and subjective

54
Q

quantiferon TB gold test

A

requires a single patient visit
results within 24 hours

55
Q

other tests used in support of diagnosis of TB

A

chest radiograph
culture
biopsy

56
Q

drugs used to treat TB

A

combination antibiotics

57
Q

reason for emergence of drug resistant TB

A

problems arise when patient fails to take prescribed medications properly

58
Q

cause of leprosy

A

mycobacterium leprae

59
Q

why is leprosy endemic in southern US

A

9-banded armadillo

60
Q

two clinical variants of leprosy

A

paucibacillary (tuberculoid)
multibacillary (lepromatous)

61
Q

paucibacillary leprosy

A

hypopigmented skin lesions with parasthesia

white lesion
demyelinated nerves

62
Q

multibacillary leprosy

A

thickening of skin, loss of hair, ulceration, paresthesia

63
Q

diganosis of leprosy

A

biopsy
fite method of acid fast staining

64
Q

positive lepromin test

A

indicates resistance associated with cell-mediated immunity as seen in tuberculoid leprosy (paucibacillary)

65
Q

negative lepromin test

A

indicates lack of resistance associated with lepromatous leprosy (multibacillary), indicating worse prognosis

66
Q

stain to detect bacteria of leprosy

A

fite method of acid fast staining

67
Q

treatment of leprosy

A

shorter antibiotic therapy for paucibacillary

68
Q

cause of cat scratch disease

A

bartonella henselae

69
Q

clinical features of cat scratch disease

A

-follows scratch of cat with fleas
-red papule at site of scratch
-tender lymphadenopathy

70
Q

diagnosis of cat scratch disease

A

-history, clinical findings

hanger rose test
ANTIBODY ASSAY

71
Q

hanger rose test

A

reliable but not standardized (no longer valid)

72
Q

cause of actinomycosis

A

several actinomyces species (ex actinomyces israelii)

73
Q

3 types of actinomycosis

A

abdominal
pulmonary
cervicofacial

74
Q

clinical features of cervicofacial actinomycosis

A

-may follow dental extraction or untreated dental disease
-diffuse swelling
-draining sinus tracts
-sulfer granules

75
Q

treatment of actinomyces

A

remove offending tooth
high dose antibiotcs

76
Q

periapical actinomycosis

A

usually respond to less aggressive treatment

77
Q

cause of NUG

A

mixed bacterial infection
fusospirochetal infection

78
Q

predisposing factors to NUG

A

stress
poor oral hygiene
poor diet
immune suppression

79
Q

clinical features of NUG

A

punched out interdental papillae
severe pain (vincent’s angina)

80
Q

treatment of NUG

A

-debridement
-broad spectrum antibiotics
-mild salt water rinses
-improve oral hygiene and diet

Oral Pathology (14 decks)

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