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Bacterial Infections Flashcards

1
Q

impetigo is caused by (2 bacteria)

A

streptococcus pyogenes
staphylococcus aureus

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2
Q

most cases of impetigo arise in _____ skin

A

damaged

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3
Q

non-bullous impetigo

A

-more contagious
-more common
-vesicles rupture + crusty

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4
Q

treatment of non-bullous impetigo

A

remove crust with cloth soaked in warm soapy water before applying medication

topical mupirocin

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5
Q

bullous impetigo

A

-staph aureus
-poorly sanitized towels in hospitals
-large flaccid bullae

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6
Q

treatment of bullous impetigo

A

systemic antibiotics

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7
Q

are most cases of pharyngitis and tonsillitis viral or bacterial?

A

viral

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8
Q

common viral pathogens for pharyngitis and tonsillitis?

A

adenovirus
enterovirus
EBV
influenza
parainfluenza

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9
Q

if pharyngitis / tonsillitis is viral…

A

NO FEVER

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10
Q

clinical features of viral pharyngitis?

A

-no fever
-conjunctivitis
-runny nose
-diarrhea
-cough

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11
Q

cause of bacterial strep throat

A

group A, B-hemolytic streptococci

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12
Q

how strep throat spreads

A

droplet contamination directly

fomites and food contaminated by droplets

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13
Q

clinical features of strep throat

A

-winter / early spring
-sudden onset
-temperature 101-104 deg
-sore throat
-palatal petichiae
-regional lymphadenopath

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14
Q

diagnosis of strep

A

rapid antigen detection (less reliable than throat swab)

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15
Q

management of strep throat

A

-usually self limiting
-still give antibiotics to prevent further conditions

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16
Q

etiology of scarlet fever

A

-systemic infection begins with streptococcal tonsillitis / pharyngitis

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17
Q

bacterial cause of scarlet fever

A

group A, B-hemolytic streptococci

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18
Q

clinical features of scarlet fever

A

-fever
-skin rash that looks like sunburn with goosebumps
-white strawberry tongue (first few days)
-red strawberry tongue (day 4-5)

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19
Q

laboratory diagnosis of scarlet fever

A

rapid antigen detection test

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20
Q

treatment of scarlet fever

A

-penicillin
-rash clears in 1 weak - skin desquamates over period of 2-3 weeks

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21
Q

tonsillar concretions

A

crypts filled with desquamated debris, food, bacteria

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22
Q

clinical features of tonsillar stones

A

-no pain, foreign object sensation
-enlarged crypts filled with creamy yellow calcified material
-surrounding tonsillar tissue uninflamed
-may contribute to halitosis

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23
Q

radiographic presentation of tonsillar stones

A

superimposed over ramus of mandible

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24
Q

management of tonsillar stones

A

if asymptomatic, no treatment necessary

gargling with salt water
remove by curetting

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25
bacterium of diptheria
corynebacterium diphtheriae
26
preventative measures to boost immunity to diphtheria
immunization (tdap / PDT)
27
incubtation of diphtheria
1-5 days
28
clinical features of diphtheria
-hemorrhagic or mucoid discharge -tonsils have patchy, yellow / white film -gray membrane extends to involve soft palate (NECROSIS) -bull neck
29
toxin related clinical features of diphtheria
-neuropathy and paralysis of oculomotor, facial, pharyngeal, diaphragmatic, intercostal muscles -myocarditis
30
diagnosis of diphtheria
clinical presentation is characteristic swab under membrane
31
treatment for diphtheria
treat in early phases!! antitoxin and antibiotics
32
cure confirmation of diphterhia
cure confirmation requires 3 consecutive negative cultures
33
prognosis of diphtheria
mortality <5% if treated ealry
34
syphilis organism
treponema pallidum
35
3 ways syphilis is spread
1. intimate sexual contact (acquired syphilis) 2. transplacental transmission (congenital syphilis) 3. contaminated blood exposure
36
acquired syphilis - primary
-occurs at point of contact -relatively painless ulceration (chancre) -resolves spontaneously in 3-8 weeks
37
acquired syphilis - secondary
-now rest of body involved -develops 4-10 weeks after initial infection -erythematous maculopapular cutaneous infection
38
acquired syphilis - tertiary
develops after latent period of 1-30 years CNS impacted gumma formation (perforation)
39
congenital syphilis pregnancy outcome
still born, death soon after
40
of those born alive with congenital syphilis...
2/3rd no symptoms symptoms develop late
41
symptoms of congenital syphilis
fever skin rash hepatitis jaundice anemia seizures
42
clinical features of congenital syphilis
saddle nose deformity syphilitic rhagades saber shins hutchinson's triad
43
hutchinson's triad
1. malformed incisors and molars 2. ocular interstitial keratitis 3. 8th nerve deafness
44
screening test for syphilis
VDRL (venereal disease research laboratory test)
45
specific antibody test for syphilis
FTA (fluorescent treponemal antibody) test
46
treatment for syphilis
penicillin
47
cause of TB
mycobacterium tuberculosis
48
transmission fo TB
droplet transmission
49
clinical features of TB
low grade fever night sweats consumption (weight loss) chronic bloody cough
50
clinical features of TB are similar to
sarcoidosis
51
scrofula
tuberculous lymphadenitis calcified cervical lymph nodes
52
oral lesions of TB
uncommon solitary chronic painless ulcers
53
skin test with PPD
very technique sensitive and subjective
54
quantiferon TB gold test
requires a single patient visit results within 24 hours
55
other tests used in support of diagnosis of TB
chest radiograph culture biopsy
56
drugs used to treat TB
combination antibiotics
57
reason for emergence of drug resistant TB
problems arise when patient fails to take prescribed medications properly
58
cause of leprosy
mycobacterium leprae
59
why is leprosy endemic in southern US
9-banded armadillo
60
two clinical variants of leprosy
paucibacillary (tuberculoid) multibacillary (lepromatous)
61
paucibacillary leprosy
hypopigmented skin lesions with parasthesia white lesion demyelinated nerves
62
multibacillary leprosy
thickening of skin, loss of hair, ulceration, paresthesia
63
diganosis of leprosy
biopsy fite method of acid fast staining
64
positive lepromin test
indicates resistance associated with cell-mediated immunity as seen in tuberculoid leprosy (paucibacillary)
65
negative lepromin test
indicates lack of resistance associated with lepromatous leprosy (multibacillary), indicating worse prognosis
66
stain to detect bacteria of leprosy
fite method of acid fast staining
67
treatment of leprosy
shorter antibiotic therapy for paucibacillary
68
cause of cat scratch disease
bartonella henselae
69
clinical features of cat scratch disease
-follows scratch of cat with fleas -red papule at site of scratch -tender lymphadenopathy
70
diagnosis of cat scratch disease
-history, clinical findings hanger rose test ANTIBODY ASSAY
71
hanger rose test
reliable but not standardized (no longer valid)
72
cause of actinomycosis
several actinomyces species (ex actinomyces israelii)
73
3 types of actinomycosis
abdominal pulmonary cervicofacial
74
clinical features of cervicofacial actinomycosis
-may follow dental extraction or untreated dental disease -diffuse swelling -draining sinus tracts -sulfer granules
75
treatment of actinomyces
remove offending tooth high dose antibiotcs
76
periapical actinomycosis
usually respond to less aggressive treatment
77
cause of NUG
mixed bacterial infection fusospirochetal infection
78
predisposing factors to NUG
stress poor oral hygiene poor diet immune suppression
79
clinical features of NUG
punched out interdental papillae severe pain (vincent's angina)
80
treatment of NUG
-debridement -broad spectrum antibiotics -mild salt water rinses -improve oral hygiene and diet

Oral Pathology (14 decks)

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