Viral Infection Flashcards
is a member of hepadnavirus family
Hepatitis B virus
The envelope
contains a protein called the surface antigen
Hepatitis B surface
Antigen (HbsAg)
is
the earliest serological marker that indicate the presence of acute
infection.
Hepatitis B surface antigen
The Hepatitis B virus is also known as
Serum hepatitis
The virus is transmitted via
blood transfusion
the sharing of needles among the drug users
sexual intercourse
The incubation period is from
60-90 days
The virus is found
in
blood and body secretions
It is carried via infected
blood,
saliva, and semen
The first generation tests were found on ________________________ plates
Ouchterlony agar gel
A positive result showed a
Fine white precipitin
The second-generation test used for HbsAg was counter
Electrophoresis
If the antigen is
on the serum, a _________________ would form.
fine white precipitin line
Third-generation tests include
Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and radioimmunoassay
Other
test procedures available were
reverse passive hemaglutination and reverse passive agglutination tests.
The immunochromatographic device contains a unique set of dye-conjugated and immobilized monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies used to produce a distinctive visual pattern indicating presence of
HBsAg in the sample.
BLUE CROSS R One Step HBsAg Test
Blue test : Holding a sample dropper vertically, add exactly 6 drops or ml
0.2ml
Blue test: Read the results after
10 mins
BLUE CROSS R One Step HBsAg Test: Do not read results after __________minutes
30 mins
HBsAg REACTIVE result
Two purple line: t and c (positive)
HbsAg NON-REACTIVE result
One purple: control (negative)
INVALID result
Absence of purple line
Invalid result should be
Added some drop if still no appearance test should voided
transmitted by the mosquitoes
Dengue virus
are widely distributed throughout the tropical and subtropical areas
of the world
Aedes aegypti and Aedes
albopictus
is a glycoprotein expressed by all dengue viruses
Dengue NS-1 antigen
first day and up to ____ days after the onset of fever in the sample
of primary and secondary dengue infected patients.
9 days
is a solid phase immunochromatographic
assay for the rapid
Sd bioline dengue IgM/IgG rapid test
qualitative and differential detection of _________ and ______antibodies
to dengue virus in human serum or plasma
IgG
IgM
SD Bioline Dengue IgG/IgM Test device has 3 pre-coated lines
G - dengue IgG
M - dengue IgM
C - control
is used for procedural control
Control line
qualitative determination of dengue NS-1 antigen in
________, ________, and ______for the diagnosis
of early acute dengue infection.
human serum, plasma or whole blood
Volume of serum used in dengue test
5ul
Volume of serum used in test kit
5ul
Test kit Do not read test results after
20 mins
Volume of assay diluent
3-4 drops or 90-120ul)
Test kit result should be read in _______minutes.
Reading too late can give false results
15-20 mins
Negative- The control line is only visible on the test device indicates
No IgG and IgM antibodies were
detected. Retest in 3-5 days if dengue infection is suspected.
IgM Positive- The Control Line and IgM Line are visible on the test device
positive for IgM antibodies to Dengue virus.
primary dengue infection
IgG Positive- The control line and IgG Line are visible on the test device
This is positive for IgG antibodies.
secondary or previous dengue infection
IgG and IgM Positive- The control, IgG, IgM lines are visible on the test device
This is positive
for both IgM and IgG antibodies.
late primary or early secondary dengue infection
Invalid- The control line fails to appear
Insufficient specimen volume or incorrect procedural
techniques are the likeliest reasons for control line failure. Repeat the test using a new test
device.
DENGUE NS-1 Antigen negative result
presence of a purple line Control
DENGUE NS-1 Antigen positie result
presence of purple lines each at the Control
and the Test area.
DENGUE NS-1 Antigen invalid result
absence of purple lines on both the Control
and the Test area
The etiologic agent of AIDS is a human retrovirus known as
Human immunodeficiency viruses
Retroviruses are defined as viruses that
contain a single positive stranded RNA, which contain the virus genetic
information, and a specially enzyme known as
reverse transcriptase
the causative agent of AIDS is Europe and the United States,
Hiv 1
associated with immunodeficiency and clinical syndrome similar to
AIDS in West Africa.
Hiv 2
HIV was formerly known as
lymphadenopathy-associated virus (HTLV-III),
or AIDS-related virus
It is believe to be a member of the group of
transforming, cytopathic retroviruses, called
Lentiviruses
are defined as viruses that
contain a single positive stranded RNA, which contain the virus genetic
information
Retroviruses
are done
on-site and give a reading within half an hour
Rapid test
confirmatory
assay for rapid test HIV
Western blot
Volume of drawn blood into
the sample well in rapid hives
20 ul
Volume of plasma or serum
specimen into the sample well (S). Rapid test hives
10ul
Volume of assay diluent into sample well rapid test hives
120ul
Rapid test hives Interpret test results in
5 -20 mins
HIV NEGATIVE: is indicated by the presence of only one line
a line in the
control area withinthe result window.
HIV-1 POSITIVE: is indicated by the presence of two lines:
one in the
control area I and one in the test area 1 (1) within the result window.
HIV-2 POSITIVE: is indicated by the presence of two lines:
one in the
control area I and one in the test area 2 (2) within the result window.
HIV-1 and HIV-2 POSITIVE: is indicated by the presence of three lines
one
in the controlarea I, one in the test area 1 (1) and another one in the test
area 2 (2) within the result window.
INVALID: is indicated
No appearance of lines in all area
