VIRAL EXANTHEMS Flashcards
- a widespread rash acompanied by systemic symptoms such as fever, malaise and headache.
- caused by an infectious condition such as a virus, represents either a reaction to a toxin produced by the organism, damage to the skin by the organism, or an immune response.
Exanthem
flat, distinct and discolored area of skin less than 0.5 - 1 centimeter in diameter Non palpable
macule
Palpable
Solid lesion
smaller than 0.5 – 1.0 cm diameter
PAPULE
Palpable
Larger than papule
NODULE
raised
Fluid-filled
smaller than 0.5 cm diameter
VESICLES
Larger than vesicles
BULLAE or BLISTERS
- German Measles
- 3-Day Measles, Three-Day Measles
Rubella
loss of the upper portion of skin (epidermis) and part of lower portion (dermis).
Ulcer
Similar to vesicles but contain purulent material
Pus
PUSTULES
- dry, horny build-up of dead skin cells
- often flakes off the surface of the skin.
Scale
dried collection of blood, serum, or pus.
Crust
E. AGENT
* M0easles virus of Paramyxoviruses.
Mode of transmission is respiratory droplets
* Signs and Symptoms:
- INITIAL STAGE
- High-grade fever
- w/ 3C’s =
- Develop KOPLICK’s SPOT in the inner cheek
- Then maculopapular rashes – brawny desquamation
- Fever persists as rashes appears.
- Defervescence of fever = once all rashes appear in the body
Measles virus
(Rubeola)
Measles virus
(Rubeola)
- 1 wk before sx. Appear up to 5 days after 1st skin rash appears.
Communicable stage
- The _________ is rubivirus & member of Togavirus family.
- contagious, mild viral infection.
- Occurs often in children & young adults.
- in pregnant women causing miscarriage, fetal death or congenital defects known as congenital rubella syndrome (CRS).
MOT
- transmitted by airborne droplets when infected
- Transplacental transmission
- Communicable 1 wk before sx. Appear up to 5 days after 1st skin rash appears.
- The most infectious period is usually 1–5 days after the appearance of the rash.
Rubella
- in pregnant women
- Causes: miscarriage, fetal death or congenital defects known as congenital rubella syndrome (CRS).
Transplacental transmission
= 1–5 days after appearance of the rash
Most infectious period
Exanthema subitum Or sixth disease
Roseola
- human herpesvirus 6 (HHV6)
- Primarily infects lymphocytes
MOT
- Resp & oral secretions
- commonly affects young kids between 6 months and 2 years old
SX.
- Sudden onset of high. After fever subsides rash will appear.
- RASH –starts on neck & truck. Spreads to face & extremities
- Encephalitis, hepatitis
Roseola
Other name:
slapped cheek syndrome
slap face
fifth disease
Erythema infectiosum
AGENT
- Parvovirus B19 (The smallest DNA virus)
MOT
- By resp & oral secretion ( droplet)
- most infectious before onset of symptoms
- no longer infectious once rash has appeared
SX
* LYTIC STAGE
- Initial stage)
- Mild s/s of upper resp. Infection
- IMMUNOLOGIC STAGE.
- Generalized rash (prominent on face) &
- arthralgia.
Erythema infectiosum
- increased fatigue, pallor, activity intolerance orshortness of breath
APLASTIC CRISIS
is a serious fetal condition defined as abnormal accumulation of fluid in two or more fetal compartments, including ascites, pleural effusion, pericardial effusion, and skin edema. In some patients, it may also be associated with polyhydramnios and placental edema
HYdrops fetalis (fetal hydrops)
HERPES ZOSTER
shingles
Etiologic Agent
- zoster virus
- teardrop on a pink base’ or ‘dew drop on a rose
- VZV – member of Herpesvirus family. It infects mucoepithelial cells & establishes latency in nerve ganglia.
MOT
- Resp secretion (droplets)
- By direct contact w/ lesions
- contagious 5 days before & 5 days after appearance of blisters
Sx.
- Fever & rashes (pruritic). Maculopapular then becomes vesicular.
- Vesicle ruptures & ulcerates.
- Later leads to scab (crust)
Vaccine
- LIFETIME immunity
VARICELLA
(chickenpox)
VARICELLA
ETIOLOGIC AGENT
- varicella zoster virus (VZV)
- Reactivation of latent chickenpox infection
s/s
- RASH – red skin rash that can cause pain and burning
- (1) lesions distributed on skin innervated by single sensory ganglion (trigeminal or thoracic ganglia) (2) rashes are painful rather than pruritic
HERPES ZOSTER (shingles)
, a form of prolonged pain that may persist for months
post – herpetic neuralgia
appears as a stripe of blisters on one side of the body, typically on the torso, neck, or face
shingles
AGENT
- Variola virus of poxviruses. Largest among DNA
MOT.
- direct,prolonged face-to-face contact
- direct contact with infected bodily fluids or contaminated
- spread by virus carried in the air (RARE)
- contagious with onset of fever (prodrome phase), but the person becomes most contagious with the onset of rash
s/s
-Fever, malaise then rashes (macular - papular – vesicular – pustular, sometimes hemorrhagic)
- Lesions appear one stage at a time, deep
- Leaves scar
VARIOLA
(smallpox)
(smallpox)
VARIOLA
contagious until the last smallpox scab falls off.
FATAL
VARIOLA
(smallpox)
NEVER BACL DOWN NEVER WHATTTT!!!!!!!!!????
NEVER GIVE UP!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!1
