viral exanthems

Question 1

rubeola (measles)

Answer 1

paramyxovirus
cephalocaudal rash
cough, coryza, conjunctivitis
koplik spots
sequelae –> encephalitis, myocarditis, SSPE (subacute sclerosis pan encephalitis)
Tx: vaccine at age 12-15 months, 4-6 yo, may give vit A supplementation for those that have risk factors, and measles vaccine may be given within 3 days of exposure and Ig within 6 days of exposure

Question 2

rubella

Answer 2

togavirus
shorter version of the measles 
cephalocaudal rash 
forchheimer spots
**TORCH syndrome** - may cause deafness and cataract

Question 3

slapped cheek 5th disease

Answer 3

parvovirus B19
can affect kids (cutaneous) and adults (arthritis) + anemia (may lead to aplastic crises and pancytopenia in patients with underlying heme disorders)
not infectious once you show the above symptoms

Question 4

papular purpuric gloves & socks syndrome

Answer 4

parvovirus B19
cutaneous lesions on hands/feet
infectious once you show the above symptoms

Question 5

roseola infantum

Answer 5

HHV 6 (a-HIV, b-rash seen in kids) 
high fever + generalized rash 
nagayama spots 
common cause of febrile seizures 
benign course that resolves w/o complications

Question 6

hand foot mouth disease HFMD

Answer 6

coxsackie A16
transmitted by fecal-oral and/or respiratory route
occurs in patients < 10 yo
pustules on hand and feet with gray center
nail changes–> onychomadesis

Question 7

Giannotti Crosti

Answer 7

caused by virus (hepB or EBV) or vaccination
occurs in patients < 6 yo
red papules/pustules on face, extremities, & butt
will resolve within 1-2 months

Question 8

unilateral laterothoracic exanthema

Answer 8

cause: thought to be viral, but unclear
occurs in patients < 6 yo
red rash extending from axilla down the flank, called “Statue of Liberty” sign

Question 9

chronic mucocutnaeous candidiasis

Answer 9

heterogenous group of disorder with chronic candida infections

APECED - defect in AIRE gene, means autoimmune polyendocrinopathy, candidiasis, ectodermal dysplasia