developmental infections

Question 1

congenital rubella

Answer 1

caused by maternal infection. may lead to deafness and cataracts + blueberry muffin baby d/t extramedullary hematopoiesis (EMH). Tx none. Vaccination tends to keep incidence low.

Question 2

congenital toxoplasmosis

Answer 2

caused by undercooked meat +/- exposure to cat feces. +intracranial calcifications, chorioretinitis, hydrocephalus, blueberry muffin baby. Tx: pyrimethamine, sulfadiazine, and folic acid x 1 year

Question 3

1 most common congenital infx

congenital CMV

Answer 3

maternal infection. may lead to deafness, mental retardation, and blueberry muffin baby. CANNOT CURE. Tx: IV gancyclovir

Question 4

congenital syphilis

Answer 4

may be congenital or neonatal. best tests: FTA-ABS and MHA-TP. Tx penicillin

< 2 yo (aplasia cutis, 2ndary syphilis changes, condyloma lata)
> 2 yo (saber shins, mulberry molars, hutchinson teeth)

Question 5

congenital varicella

Answer 5

may occur fetal (in utero) or neonate. may lead to zoster flare < 1 yo. Tx: varicella zoster Ig

if develops within 5 days of life, increased risk of death.

also infants < 1 yo are more likely to develop secondary strep infx

Question 6

congenital HSV

Answer 6

maternal infection in utero. Tx IV acyclovir

Question 7

neonatal herpes simplex

Answer 7

maternal infection within 2-7 days of delivery. 40% of patients have CNS infection. Tx IV acyclovir

Question 8

congenital candidiasis/neonatal candidiasis

Answer 8

presents like tinea w/ erythema and scale

tx: topical antifungals (imidazole or nystatin) or oral antifungals