Violence Against Women and Girls

Question 1

What are the four types of FGM?

Answer 1

Type 1 - Clitoridectomy
Type 2 - Excision
Type 3 - Infibulation
Type 4 - Other

Question 2

Clitoridectomy

Answer 2

Partial or total removal of the clitoris, and in very rare cases, only the prepuce

Question 3

Excision

Answer 3

Partial or total removal of the clitoris and the labia minora, with or without excision of the labia majora

Question 4

Infibulation

Answer 4

Narrowing of the vaginal opening through the creation of a covering seal. The seal is formed by cutting and repositioning the inner, or outer, labia, with or without removal of the clitoris

Question 5

Other

Answer 5

All other harmful procedures to the female genitalia for non-medical purposes, e.g. pricking, piercing, incising, scraping and cauterising the genital area

Question 6

Long term health impacts of FGM

Answer 6

Urine retention and difficulties in menstruation
Uterine, vaginal and pelvic infections
Cysts and neuromas
Complications in pregnancy and childbirth
Increased risk of fistula
On-going impact of trauma/PTSD
Sexual dysfunction