Vinification

Question 1

Vinification - Pre Fermentation

Answer 1

*Sorting

*De-stemming

*Crushing

Question 2

Vinification - Fermentation

Answer 2

Sugar (from ripe grape juice) + Yeast (ambient or inoculated) = Alcohol, CO2, Flavors and Aromas, Heat

Question 3

Vinification - Fermentation Vessel

Answer 3

*Various size *Various material = Wood, Stainless Steel, Concrete

Question 4

Vinification - Aging and Maturation - Barrel Aging

Answer 4

*Barrel Aging, what does it do? -Evaporation -Oxidation -Textural Changes: softens the wine -Flavors Changes: Vanilla, Oak, Toast, Spice (Cinnamon, Clove, Allspice), Coconut *Types of Oak -American Oak: Often bold, more intense vanilla, baking spices, dill and coconut -French Oak: Often subtler aromas of vanilla, toast and spice

Question 5

Vinification - Malolactic Fermentation

Answer 5

*Tart malic acid, natural in grapes, are converted to softer tasing lactic acid. *Red wine: no flavor is imparted *White wine: impart buttery or buttered popcorn flavors and a creamy texture.

Question 6

Vinification - Carbonic Maceration

Answer 6

*Tank filled with whole berries and blanketed under CO2 gas, Grapes begin to ferment from the inside (intracellular fermentation). *Unique aromas and flavors are produced. *Major region = Beaujolais

Question 7

Vinification - Lees Contact

Answer 7

*When yeast cells die and release flavor components into the wine, giving additional richness, creaminess and texture. *Aromas such as: Bread dough, Yeast, Toast, Subtle white flowers, Nuts (blanched almonds, pine nuts, peanut shells)

Question 8

Vinification - Must Adjustments (Chaptalization & Acidification)

Answer 8

*Must is unfermented grape juice *Chaptalization = addition of sugar to must > increase final alcohol *Acidification = addition of tartaric acid to must > increase the acidity to achieve improved balance

Question 9

Vinification - Bottling

Answer 9

*Fining (Cold stabilization) *Filtration *Packaging *Closures *Capsules and Labels

Question 10

Vinification - American oak barrels are generally characterized by more intense aromas of coconut and vanilla than French oak barrels (T/F)

Answer 10

True

Question 11

Vinification - Vinification is defined as?

Answer 11

Activities and decisions occurring in the winery

Question 12

Vinification - What process involves intracellular fermentation of whole berries, in which sugars inside grapes are converted to alcohol in the absence of yeast?

Answer 12

Carbonic maceration

Question 13

Vinification - In the process of fermentation, yeasts metabolize grape sugars and produce?

Answer 13

CO2, Alcohol, Heat, Flavor and aromas

Question 14

Vinification - Name three aromas and flavors associated with sur lie aging.

Answer 14

Bread dough, yeast, toast, nuts

Question 15

Vinification - What wine is most associated with the use of carbonic maceration?

Answer 15

Beaujolais

Question 16

Vinification - Why is sorting grapes an important part of the vinification process?

Answer 16

Ripeness, Quality

Question 17

Vinification - Light Bodied White Wine

Answer 17

*Image

Question 18

Vinification - Full Bodied White Wine

Answer 18

*Image

Question 19

Vinification - Aromatic White Wine

Answer 19

*Image

Question 20

Vinification - Rose Wine

Answer 20

*Image

Question 21

Vinification - Light Bodied Red Wine

Answer 21

*Image

Question 22

Vinification - Medium Bodied Red Wine

Answer 22

*Image

Question 23

Vinification - Full Bodied Red Wine

Answer 23

*Image

Question 24

Vinification - Dessert Wine

Answer 24

Image