Vini,Viti, Grape

Question 1

Where the first wines produced

Answer 1

Neolithic Era between 5000 to 7000 B.C

Question 2

Where did Viti Vinifera originate from?

Answer 2

Mesopotamia - The Fertile Crescent between the Tigris & Euphrates River

Question 3

Who was the Egyptian deity whom the Egyptians believed was responsible for wine and harvest?

Answer 3

Osiris

Question 4

Who was the Greek God of wine whom was believed to be responsible for the conversion of grape juice into wine?

Answer 4

Dionysus

Question 5

Who was the Roman God of wine, whom they believed was responsible for wine and that divine intervention caused its production?

Answer 5

Bacchus

Question 6

What invention was created in the 1600’s as a new innovation for wine storage?

Key Hint: Produced from a Oak Tree

Answer 6

Cork

Question 7

Who was the French Physician who work was concerned with how grape Vines should be grown, pruned, trellised, and cares for?

Key Hint: A Cane Training System named after him

Answer 7

Dr. Jules Guyot

Question 8

Who was the French Chemist who with the new invention the “microscope” in 1857 proved that microscopic yeast cells were actually responsible for Fermentation?

Answer 8

Dr. Louis Pastuer

Question 9

What is the grape native to the region stretching from New England to the Mississippi River Valley and was used in an experiment in the early 1860’s France that carried the insect phylloxera?

Answer 9

Vitis Labrusca

Question 10

What is name of the microscopic insect related to the aphid that feeds on the roots and leaves of grape vines

Key Hint: Almost whipped out french Vineyards when it landed there

Answer 10

Phylloxera

Question 11

What is it called to splice one grape species (say, vinifera) onto another species (say, rupestris)?

Answer 11

Grafting

Question 12

What do you call a rootstock that was created to help Vines survive and fight diseases?

Answer 12

Resistant Rootstock

Question 13

Texas horticulturalist who created (developed) a rootstock that was resistant to phylloxera?

Answer 13

Thomas Munson

Question 14

What is the French Term for Old Vines

Answer 14

Vielle Vignes

Question 15

What is the name of the Englishman who conducted the Spurrier Tasting

Answer 15

Steven Spurrier

Question 16

What is the name of the famous informal wine tasting in which California wines beat French Wines? This tasting put California on the map world wide

Answer 16

Judgement in Paris (Spurrier Tasting)

Question 17

What was the 18th Amendment to the U.S Constitution, known as the Volstead Act, made the “manufacture,sale, and transportation of intoxicating Liqour” a formal crime?

Answer 17

Prohibition

Question 18

What is the name of the Ancient place known as the “Land of Wine” due to the Vines thriving wherever they were planted?

Answer 18

Enotria - Greek Name for Italy

Question 19

What were the Ancient Greek tall and large pottery vessels used to store liquids, including wine?

Answer 19

Amphorae

Question 20

What do call agriculture that was applied to vitis vinifera as early cultures began to plant seeds in Vineyards outside of the plant’s native Homeland?

Fact: Once this happens growers gain control over the plant by dictating which seeds or plants are planted in a given vineyard

Answer 20

Domestication

Question 21

What balances out the inherent sweetness of vinifera juice and the reasons that wines is such a good match food?

Fact: The 3 types found in wine grapes?

• Tartaric
• Citric
• Malic

Answer 21

Acid

Question 22

What is the basic building block needed for alcoholic Fermentation?

Fact:
The more a liquid contains of this the more ethanol is produced

With this, it can produce alcohol as high as 17% alcohol by volume

Answer 22

Sugar

Question 23

What is the product of Fermentation that delegate grape juice from wine?

Fact:
It is the alcohol found in all alcoholic beverages, from beer to vodka

This is what causes alcoholic beverages to have intoxicatingly effects

Plays a major role in the flavor profile and characteristics of wine

Answer 23

Ethanol

Question 24

What is the name of the scientific Yeast used to conduct alcoholic Fermentation?

Fact:

This is also known as budding yeast brewer’s yeast, or bakers yeast

Also this yeast is used to make dough rise when baking bread

Answer 24

S. Cerevisiae (Saccharomyes Cerevisiae)

Question 25

Fruit Juice + Fermentation = Wine Barley and water + Fermentation = Beer Rice and Water + Fermentation = Sakè These are all examples of?

Answer 25

Fermentation styles of Alcohol

Question 26

Two fermented sugars produced from Grapes

Answer 26

Fructose and Glucose

Question 27

What is the process in which humans can only create alcohol for consumption? The equation: Sugar + Yeast = Ethanol + Carbon Dioxide + Heat Fact: When yeast comes in contact with sugar, it consumes the sugar molecules, breaking them down into two major waste products, "Ethanol & Carbon Dioxide." The process also produces heat due to the yeasts metabolic activity.

Answer 27

Alcoholic Fermentation

Question 28

What is a fermented beverage that's is produced from the juice of any fruit usually grapes?

Answer 28

Wine

Question 29

Are grapes the only fruit that can produce wine?

Answer 29

No any fruit that can produce sugar can make wine Example: Apples (cider), pears, plums and berries

Question 30

Single - Celled microorganism used to convert sugar to alcohol and carbon dioxide during fermentation

Answer 30

Yeast

Question 31

What is the gas that goes with Alcohol and is a by product of Fermentation? Fact: Sometimes a small amount of this remaining in a wine can make it slightly "Spritzy" If fermentation occurs in a closed vessel, such as a bottle, this gas becomes trapped in the wine and will ultimately form bubbles.

Answer 31

Carbon Dioxide

Question 32

Chardonnay, Riesling, Pinot Noir, Cabernet Sauvignon and so on are all examples of what? Fact Each one of these had a unique flavor distinct from the other

Answer 32

Varietal

Question 33

What is the advantage of cross-pollutions, genetic mutations, etc over the course of hundreds and sometimes thousands of years, that causes certain traits within wine grapes to be further developed? Fact These traits make the wine grape superior to any other fruit for wine production

Answer 33

Selective Breeding

Question 34

What is the A Phenol (a kind of compound) derived from the skins, seeds and stems of grapes and from Barrels? Fact: The presence of this is beneficial for it gives red wines a firm structure as well as the potential for aging

Answer 34

Tannins

Question 35

What is another term for complexity of flavor? Fact: Wine grapes have many flavors, from apples, pears, lemons, limes, grapefruit, tropical fruit, berries, dried fruit, artificial fruit and more The one flavor rarely found in wine made from wine grapes, is grapes

Answer 35

Biochemical Complexity

Question 36

What is The agricultural decisions made while the grapes were growing and the specific environment where those grapes were grown?

Answer 36

Viticulture (Terrior)

Question 37

What is the winemaking practices and procedures to produce the wine?

Answer 37

Viniculture

Question 38

When does the annual life cycle of a vine began

Answer 38

Budbreak

Question 39

What are the small green clusters that form from the shoots that develop in the early spring

Answer 39

Embryo Bunches

Question 40

Successfully pollinated embryo bunches grow into true grape clusters called Only 30% of the true grape clusters will make it to this point in the grape growing process

Answer 40

Fruit Set

Question 41

The process of the grapes softening and changing colors turning from green to red-black or yellow-green is known as This process also when the grapes began to truly ripen as sugars are removed form the lead system to the fruit

Answer 41

Vèraison

Question 42

What is vendange

Answer 42

French for harvest

Question 43

What grapes are harvested first, white or red

Answer 43

White unless they are being used for dessert or ice wine

Question 44

Vines prefer a annual level temperature of

Answer 44

50 degrees to 68 degrees F

Question 45

To successfully ripen red grapes what must the average summer temperature be

Answer 45

70 degrees

Question 46

To successfully ripen white grapes what must the average temperature be

Answer 46

66 degrees

Question 47

What is the minimum amount of sunshine required for a vine to successfully grow

Answer 47

1,300 hours

Question 48

What is macro climate

Answer 48

Regional climate

Question 49

What is mesoclimate

Answer 49

The climate of a particular vineyard

Question 50

What is microclimate

Answer 50

Refers to the climate in and around a vine canopy, the restricted space including all parts of the vine above the ground

Question 51

Grapes made for winemaking do better on low fertile soil of rich soils

Answer 51

Low fertile soils - vines should always struggle to produce good fruit

Question 52

Most of worlds vines are grafted to what type of rootstock and why?

Answer 52

American because American rootstocks from the Native American grapevine species Vitis Riparia that is resistant to Phylloxera

Question 53

After grafting and planting how long does it take for the vine to produce grapes suitable for harvest

Answer 53

3 years

Question 54

What is the name of the training system where there is one permanent cane that extends from the trunk, called arms. It grows thick and gnarled over time and fruit bearing shoots will emerge from it each season

Answer 54

Cordon trained

Question 55

What is the name of the training system that has no permanent cordon and the trunk ends in a knob or head. This system typically doesn't need a trellis support system. This system usually supported by a stake or nothing at all

Answer 55

Head trained

Question 56

Head trained Vines are spur pruned or cane pruned

Answer 56

They actually are both

Question 57

Cordon trained Vines are spur pruned or cane pruned

Answer 57

Spur pruned

Question 58

One of the most basic forms of cane pruning / head training is

Answer 58

Guyot System

Question 59

What system requires a vertical trellis on which the canes can be suspended and has one spur and one main two year old cane

Answer 59

The guyot system

Question 60

What system is an ancient technique common in southern Rhone and southern Italy, where the Vines often unsupported resembles this system, with each years fruiting canes extending from the spur pruned shortened arms atop the trunk. This system is called a bush system in Australia

Answer 60

Gobelet system

Question 61

What is albarello

Answer 61

The Italian name for gobelet

Question 62

What is en vaso

Answer 62

The Spanish name for gobelet

Question 63

What system is one of the simplest spured-pruned / cordon trained systems? This system is the preferred training style for Pinot Noir in Champagne, and is similar to the Guyot system, with a single spur - pruned permenant cordon extending horizontally from the trunk, rather than a two year old cane

Answer 63

Cordon de Royat

Question 64

What system maybe used for either cane pruned or spur pruned Vines. Also known as a tendone system where the Vines are trained upward and overhead along wooden frames or trees, enabling workers to pass underneath

Answer 64

Vertical Shoot Positioning

Question 65

What is the Quercus

Answer 65

The scientific name for the oak used in the wine making process

Question 66

What is Quercus Robur and Quercus Petranea

Answer 66

The scientific names of the French oak used in the winemaking process

Question 67

What is Quercus Alba

Answer 67

The scientific name of the American White Oak used in winemaking

Question 68

Warming - Chauffage Shaping - Cintrage Toasting - Bousinage These are the steps to what process

Answer 68

Heating the oak to make the barrels

Question 69

What is the most important and has the most effect in the barrel heating process

Answer 69

Toasting - Bousinage

Question 70

What effect does toasting have on he wine

Answer 70

The heavier the toast of the barrel the more vanilla flavor the wine have

Question 71

What is Colatura

Answer 71

Poor fruit set at flowering

Question 72

What is Coulure

Answer 72

The dropping of flowers (grapes) - occurs during the flowering phase, in the spring, wind and rain as well as chemical deficiencies can help keep grapevine flowers from being properly fertilized, causing these flowers to drop from the cluster