America - United States, Canada, Mexico Flashcards
1
Q
This country is the 4th largest producer of wine in the world?
A
United States
2
Q
What state in the United States produces approximately 90% of All American wine
A
California
3
Q
What is the name of the grape the Franciscan Monks brought to California? This grape was also planted in Chile and Argentina?
A
Mission Grape
Also known as:
Pais - Chile
Criolla - Argentina
4
Q
Who by 1839 arrived in Napa and planted the first vineyard there?
A
George Yount
5
Q
This man is known as the “ father of California wine” and founded Burma Vista one of California oldest commercial wineries
A
Count Agoston Haraszthy
6
Q
Who has the oldest vineyard in Napa Valley and what year was it built?
A
Charles Krug - 1861
7
Q
True or False
Californian vines are immune to the pest Phylloxera?
A
False, Phylloxera is native to America and California was hit hard by the insect in the 1880s and 1890s
8
Q
What is the AVA?
A
American Viticultural Areas
9
Q
What does TTB stand for and what is their purpose?
A
Tax and Trade Bureau - created by the Homeland Security Act of 2002, oversees the AVA system
10
Q
Who obtained the first AVA and what year
A
Augusta, Missouri 1980
Napa Valley, California 1981
11
Q
If a label list an AVA what is the minimum requirement of the grape under the laws
A
85% of the grape used must have originated in the stated region
12
Q
If a producer chooses to label their wine by county, state or country (USA) what is the grape requirement
A
75%,
the exception is California, Washington and Oregon where in California and Oregon their wines labeled with the state name, grapes solely have to come from their state
As for Washington 95% of the grapes must come from the state of Washington
13
Q
According to the AVA, what is the minimum requirement for grapes for single Vineyards
A
95% of grapes grown must come from the stated vineyard
14
Q
What is the label requirements for American wines
A
Grape Varietal
Alcohol Content
Health Warning
The phrase “contains sulfites”
Name and address of the bottler
15
Q
What does estate bottles mean?
A
100% of the grapes used to make that wine were grown and controlled by the winery
16
Q
What is the largest appellation in the world and what areas make it up?
A
The Upper Mississippi Valley - Minnesota, Iowa, Illinois
-30,000 square miles
17
Q
What are the top 4 producing states of wine in the United States
A
- California
- New York
- Washington
- Oregon
18
Q
What is Vitis Labrusca
A
The Concord grape
19
Q
What is Vitis Rotundifolia
A
The Scuppernong Grape
20
Q
What is Vitis Aestivalis
A
The norton grape
21
Q
Where was the first wine from grapes produced in California
A
1783 - San Juan Capistrano Mission
22
Q
Who founded the winery Buena Vista in 1849
A
Count Agoston Haraszthy
23
Q
Who is known as the father of California wine
A
Count Agoston Haraszthy
24
Q
What is the oldest winery in Napa Valley
A
Krug
25
What famous winery did Gustav Niebaum find in Napa Valley in 1879
Inglenook Winery
26
When did Phylloxera hit California
In the 1870's
27
Pleasant Valley Wine Company was established when and where is it located
1860
- the United States first bonded winery
- located in Hammondsport in the Finger Lakes, New York
28
Where is Stone Hill Winery and what type of grapes to they grow
Hermann, Missouri
- Norton Grapes
29
Who was Charles Valentine Riley
A Missouri entomologist who first understood the innate resistance of American grape species to Phylloxera
30
What amendment stopped the making and selling of alcohol
18th amendment - Volstead Act
31
What amendment ended prohibition in 1933
The 21st amendment
32
Who is David Lett
- founder and winemaker of Eyrie Vineyards
| - first to plant Pinot Noir in Oregon
33
When was the first judgement of Paris
May 24, 1976
34
Who is Sir Steven Spurrier
The person who organized the judgement of Paris
35
What two American wines won that represented America in the Judgement of Paris in 1976
1973 Stag Leap Wine Cellars Cabernet Sauvignon
1973 Château Montelena Chardonnay
36
What wines did the Americans go up against in the Judgement of Paris
First and Second Growth Bordeaux
Premier and Grand Cru Burgundy
37
Why is Diamond Creek Cabernet Sauvignon important
In 1977, it was the first Napa Valley bottle to top 100$
38
What occurred in the 1980's in California that forced a lot of the vineyards to be replanted
Phylloxera
39
How many states in the United States produce wine
All 50 states produce wine
40
Besides Phylloxera, what other diseases cause harm in California
Pierces Disease
Light Brown Apple Moth
41
What is pierce disease
* Effects the vine, once infected the bacteria causes a gel to form in the xylem tissue on the vine, preventing water from being drawn through the vine.
* Leaves on the vine will turn yellow and brown and die
* Shoot will die
* 1-5 years the vine will die
42
An AVA is only an indication of what
Geographic Origin
- does not require producers to adhere to any additional guidelines in the vineyard or winery
43
What is the grape requirement for wines labeled California and Oregon
All grapes must come from those individual states
44
What is the grape requirement for wines labeled Washington
Must contain 95% of grapes grown in the state of Washington
45
For vintage dated wines, for wines labeled with an AVA what is the minimum stated amount of grapes that must come from that vintage
95%
46
For vintage dated wines, for wines labeled with an state or country what is the minimum stated amount of grapes that must come from that vintage
85%
47
Wines with a varietal designation must contain a minimum of what grapes
75% of the states grape
48
What grape is the exception when it comes to the requirements for stated grape variety
Vitis labrusca grapes
- need only to comprise a minimum of 51% of the states varietal
- example: Concord
49
What is the margin requirement for the alcohol label that is required in wines from the United States
+/- 1.5%
50
Is a wine is between the 7 - 14% abv in the United States it can simply be labeled what
Table wine or light wine
51
True or False
All wines from the United States must declare the name and address of the bottler
True
52
What are the 4 AVAs of California
North Coast
Central Coast
South Coast
Sierra Foothills
53
Where are most of the wine districts in California located and why
Near the coast, where fog and cool sea breezes mitigate temperatures and create a large diurnal swing from warm days to cool nights
54
75% of the state of Californian wine comes from what area
Central Valley - not an AVA
55
What are the main grapes of California
Chardonnay ⚪
Cabernet Sauvignon 🔴
56
What is Meritage
- trademarked by the Meritage Alliance
- is used by producers to indicate a premium blend in which no grape accounts for more than 90% of the wine
- may be red or white wines but must be produced from Bordeaux varieties
57
Napa Valley
Sonoma
Mendocino
Lake Solano
Marin
These make up what AVA
North Coast
58
4% of California vineyards are located where
Napa Valley
59
How many sub AVAs are in Napa Valley
16
```
Calistoga
Diamond Mountain District
Chiles Valley District
Spring Mountain District
Howell Mountain
St. Helena
Rutherford
Oakville
Yountville
Mount Veeder
Stags Leap District
Atlas Peak
Oak Knoll District of Napa Valley
Los Carneros
Wild Horse Valley
```
60
What is the northern most sub AVA in Napa Valley
Calistoga
61
What is the southern most sub AVA in Napa Valley
Los Carneros
62
What two mountains does Napa Valley set in between
West - Mayacamas Mountains
East - Vaca Mountains
63
What are the four major cities in Napa Valley from North to South
Calistoga
St. Helena
Yountville
Napa
64
What is the main grapes of Calistoga
Cabernet Sauvignon 🔴
Zinfandel 🔴
65
What are main soils of Napa Valley
Alluvial
Volcanic
Maritime
Gravel loam
Clay
Rocky
66
What was the first sub Appellation wholly in Napa Valley to receive its own AVA
Howell Mountain AVA
67
Sonoma County lies between what to major areas
West - Pacific Ocean
East - Napa County
North - Mendocino
South - Solano and Contra Costa
68
How many sub AVAs are there in Sonoma AVA
18
```
Alexander Valley
Dry Creek Valley
Rockpile
Bennett Valley
Knight Valley
Chalk Hill
Russian River Valley
Sonoma Valley
Moon Mountain District
Fountain grove District
Green Valley of Russian River Valley
Sonoma Mountain
Sonoma Coast
Northern Sonoma
Pine Mountain - Cloverdale Peak
Fort Ross - Seaview
Los Carneros (majority)
```
69
What is the northern most sub AVA in Sonoma
Pine Mountain - Cloverdale Peak
70
What is the southern most sub region AVA in Sonoma
Sonoma Valley AVA
71
What Mountain range sets to the east of Sonoma AVA
Mayacamas Mountains
72
What is the main river that flows through Sonoma AVA
Russian River
73
What is the main grapes of Russian River Valley AVA
Pinot Noir 🔴
Chardonnay ⚪
74
What is the main soil type of Russian River Valley
Alluvial Soil also known as "Goldridge"
75
Dehlinger
Joseph Swan
Rochioli
Williams - September
These are all prominent producers for what sub region AVA in Sonoma
Russian River Valley
76
What is the warmest sub region AVA in Sonoma
Knights Valley
77
What sub AVA borders Alexander Valley to the east
Knights Valley
78
What sub region is west of Alexander Valley
Dry Creek Valley
79
What are the primary grapes of Knights Valley
Bordeaux style varieties
80
What is the main soils of Alexander Valley and Knights Valley
Gravel
81
Dry Creek Valley primary grape is what
Zinfandel 🔴
82
What do they typically age Dry Creek Valley wines in
French or American Oak
83
Sonoma Valley AVA lies between what two mountain ranges
West - Sonoma Mountains
East - Mayacamas Mountains
84
What are the primary grapes in Sonoma Valley
Zinfandel 🔴
Pinot Noir 🔴
Chardonnay ⚪
Cabernet Sauvignon 🔴
85
What sub Appellation located in North West Sonoma primary grape is Merlot due to its cooler climate
Bennett Valley
86
What is the American house name of Tattinger and where is it located
Domaine Carneros - Los Carneros
87
What is the American house name for Codorniu
Formerly known as Codorniu Napa
Now known as Artesa Vineyard and Winery
88
Most of the sparkling wine houses in Los Carneros are located the Sonoma or Napa side
Sonoma
89
From what year forward were all wines from Sonoma required to name "Sonoma County" on all their wines
2011
90
What are the two main rivers in Mendocino
Russian River
Navarro River
91
The best vineyards in Mendocino are in what part of the AVA
Southern
92
How many sub AVAs are in Mendocino
7
```
Anderson Valley
Potter Valley
Redwood Valley
McDowell Valley
Yorkville Valley
Cole Ranch
Mendocino Ridge
```
93
What is the smallest AVA in America
Cole Ranch
- located in Mendocino
94
What famous French champagne house, set up its America Vineyards in Anderson Valley
Louis Roderer
95
What area does the Central Coast AVA cover
The entire California coastline from San Francisco Bay in the north to Santa Barbara County in the south
96
Livermore Valley AVA
Ben Lomond Mountains AVA
Santa Clara Valley AVA
San Ysidro District AVA
San Francisco Bay AVA
Make up the northern areas to what region?
Central Coast AVA
97
What is the main grape of Livermore Valley
Sauvignon Blanc
98
Wente is the most notable producer where in Central Valley AVA
Livermore Valley AVA
99
What is the dominate grape of Monterey AVA
Chardonnay
100
How many AVAs make up Monterey AVA
8
Monterey
Carmel Valley
Santa Lucia Highland
Arroyo Seco
San Bernabe
San Lucas
San Antonio Valley
Hames Valley
101
What is the main grape of Santa Lucia Highland AVA
Pinot Noir
102
Gary's Vineyard is located in what AVA
Santa Lucia Highland AVA
103
What is the main grape of Mount Harlan AVA
Pinot Noir
104
Mount Harlan AVA sets in what area in the Central Coast
San Benito County
105
What Mountain range is located to the east of San Benito County
Gabilan Mountain
106
What is the northern most Appellation of the Central Coast
San Francisco Bay AVA - Almeda County
107
What is the southern most AVA in Central Valley
Santa Ynez Valley AVA - Santa Barbara County
108
How many AVAs are in San Luis Obispo County
4
Paso Robles
York Mountain
Edna Valley
Arroyo Grande Valley
109
Edna Bay
San Francisco Bay
These are two important body of waters that influence whose vineyards
Central Coast AVA
110
What is the climate and soil type the Paso Robles
West - west of the Salinas River the climate is cooler marine air funneled through the Templeton Gap and more prevalent limestone and calcareous soils
East - East of the Salinas River the soil structure is sandier, and the climate in general is warmer and more arid
111
What are the main grapes of Paso Robles
Zinfandel 🔴
Cabernet Sauvignon 🔴
Rhône Valley Varietals
112
Who is Gary Eberle
He planted the first Syrah Vines in Paso Robles
113
What is Hospices du Rhône
The world largest Rhône wine celebration held in Paso Robles
114
What are the main grapes of Edna Valley
Pinot Noir 🔴
Chardonnay ⚪
115
How many AVAs are in Santa Barbara County
4
Santa Maria Valley
Santa Clara Valley
Santa Ynez Valley
Happy Canyon of Santa Barbara
116
Where is Bien Nacido Vineyard located
Santa Maria Valley
117
What are the primary grapes grown at Bien Nacido Vineyard
Pinot Noir 🔴
Chardonnay ⚪
118
California longest growing season takes place in what area
Santa Barbara County
119
What is the climate of Santa Barbara County
Maritime
120
What are the main grapes of Santa Barbara County
Pinot Noir 🔴
Merlot 🔴
Rhône Varieties 🔴⚪
Chardonnay ⚪
Sauvignon Blanc ⚪
121
```
Inglenook
Scarecrow
St Supery
Cakebread
Mumm Napa
Caymus
Beckstoffer Vineyards
```
Are notable producers located in what sub reign AVA in Napa
Rutherford
122
```
Far Niente
Silver Oak
Nickel and Nickel
Robert Mondavi
Screaming Eagle
Plumpjack
Opus One
```
These are top producers located in what sub region AVA in Napa
Oakville
123
Most of the wine in California is produced where
The Central Valley
124
Is the Central Valley an AVA
No
125
What type of wines do they make in the Central Valley
Fortified Wines
126
Who is the largest producer in Central Valley
Gallo
127
Where is Gallo headquarters
Modesto
128
What is the most important and largest AVA in Central Valley
Lodi
129
Sutter Home
Woodbridge
These producers home is where
Lodi - Central Valley
130
How many sub region AVAs are in Lodi
Alta Mesa
Borden Ranch
Mokelumne River
Cosumnes River
Jahant
Sloughhouse
Clements Hills
131
Where is the Sierra Foothills AVA located
East of Sacramento and Lodi, on the western edge of the Sierra Nevada Mountains
132
How many sub region AVAs are in the Sierra Foothills AVA
5
Fair Play
El Dorado
Fiddletown
North Yuba
California Shenandoah Valley
133
What is the primary grape of Sierra Foothills
Zinfandel
134
What is the AXR - 1 rootstock and where was it created
- created at the University of California - Davis
- was suppose to be a resistant rootstock to Phylloxera
- in the 1980's Phylloxera struck and destroyed the rootstock causing a uproar
135
What is the second largest producer of wine in the United States
New York
136
What are the primary grapes of New York
Chardonnay
Riesling
Pinot Blanc
Gewürztraminer
Bordeaux Varieties (only in the warmer areas of the state)
137
Who was Dr. Konstantin Frank
Was the first to successfully plant and cultivate Vina Vinifera style grapes in New York in the 1960's
138
Bordeaux style varieties are mostly grown where in New York
Long Island AVA
139
How many sub region AVAs are there in Long Island
2
North Fork of Long Island
Hamptons, Long Island
140
Where does 90% of the wine in New York produced
Finger lakes
141
Consensus Lake
Hemlock Lake
Canadice Lake
Honeoye Lake
Canandaigua Lake
Keuka Lake
Seneca Lake
Cayuga Lake
Owasco Lake
Skaneateles Lake
Otisco Lake
These lakes make up what famous region in the United States
The Finger Lakes - New York
142
Dr. Konstantin Frank's Vineyard sets off what Lake in the Finger Lakes
Keuka Lake
143
The famous Hammodsport winery is located off what lake in the Finger Lakes
Keuka Lake
144
What is the deepest lake in the Finger Lakes
Seneca Lake
145
What body of waters have a great effect on the vineyards in New York
The Great Lakes
146
What are the AVAs of New York
Finger Lakes AVA
Long Island AVA
Hudson River AVA
Lake Erie AVA
Niagra Escarpement AVA
147
What is the main grape of the Finger Lakes
Riesling
148
What is the two grapes that make the Niagara Grape
Concord x Cassady
149
What is the worlds largest Appellation and when was it formed
2009
- Upper Mississippi River Valley AVA
- AVA makes up Minnesota, Wisconsin, Iowa, and Illinois
150
What is the main area for wine in Mexico
Baja Peninsula
151
How many sub region AVAs are in Baja Peninsula
Valle de Guadalupe
Valle de Santo Tomas
Valle de San Antonio de las Mina's
Valle de San Vincente
152
This winery was discovered in 1597 and is known to be the oldest winery in the Americas
Casa Madero
153
What country grows the grape Vidal
Canada
154
What is Inniskillin
A famous Canadian winery located at Niagara on the lake
155
What famous wine is Inniskillin known to make
Ice wine
156
Besides Vidal to make icewine, what's grapes does Inniskillin produce
Riesling
Cabernet Franc
157
What is the VQA
The Vintners Quality Association
-the regulation group for wine in Canada
158
Who was the first to establish their QVA standards
British Columbia
159
What are the only two QVAs in Canada
British Columbia
Ontario
160
What is the grape requirements for VQA wines
100% of the grapes must be from their respective province
161
If wines from Canada have an exact location on the wines, what is the VQA requirements
British Columbia - 95% minimum of grapes must be from stated Appellation
Ontario - 85% minimum of grapes must be from states Appellation and regional appellations
Niagara Peninsula - (non VQA) 100% for sub appellations
162
What is the QVA requirement for single vineyards
A VQA wine from a single vineyard must solely contain grapes grown in the stated Vineyard
163
Who is the largest producer of wine from Canada
Ontario
164
What are the three main appellations of Ontario
Niagara Peninsula
Lake Erie North Shore
Prince Edward County
165
What two Great Lakes do the appellations of Ontario set off of
Lake Erie
Lake Ontario
166
All of Ontario's appellations are located between what latitudes
41 - 42 degree latitude
167
What is the largest viticultural area in Ontario
Niagara Peninsula
168
What are the two regional appellations of the Niagara Peninsula
Niagara Escarpment
Niagara on the Lake
169
What are the main grapes of the Niagara Peninsula
Riesling
Chardonnay
Cabernet Franc
Pinot Noir
170
What time of the day does the grapes get picked from harvest to make Icewine
At night time when the temperature reaches 17 degree Fahrenheit (-8 degree celcuis)
171
What separates Prince Edward County from the other appellations in Canada
Lake Ontario
172
What are main grapes of Prince Edward County
Pinot Noir
Chardonnay
173
How many VQA designated Viticultural Areas does British Columbia have
5
Vancouver Island
Fraser Valley
Similkanmeen Valley
Gulf Islands
Okanagan Valley
174
What Parallel does does Okanagen Valley set off of
49th Parallel
175
What area in British Columbia is the most developed area in the region and supplies 82% of the provinces wine
Okanagan Valley
176
What two mountain ranges does the Okanagan Valley set between
Cascades Mountains
Monashee Mountains
177
What is the climate of Okanagan Valley
Continental
178
What is the major lake that effects the Vines of Okanagan Valley
Lake Okanagan
179
What are the main grapes of Okanagan Valley
Pinot Noir
Merlot
Pinot Gris
Pinot Blanc
180
What state accounts for 5% of the United States total wine production
Washington
181
95% of the vineyards in Washington are located where
On the eastern side of the cascade mountains
182
Does Washington get effected by the rain shadow effect
Yes
183
What type of climate does Eastern Washington experience
Continental
184
What physical feature helps influence the soils of Eastern Washington
The Missoula Floods, a catastrophic cycle of massive floods that occurred repeatedly at the end of the last ice age, some 12,000 - 18,000 years ago
185
What is the main soils of Eastern Washington
Sandy or Silty loam soils
186
What is the largest appellation in the state of Washington
Columbia Valley AVA - covers 11 million acres over 1/4 of the state of Washington landmass
187
Yakima Valley
Walla Walla Valley
Horse Heaven Hulls
These are the main AVAs for what state
Washington
188
What are the 3 AVAs located inside of Yakima Valley
Snipes Mountain
Rattlesnake Hills
Red Mountain
189
What is Washingtons warmest growing regions
Red Mountain
190
What is the main grape of Red Mountain
Cabernet Sauvignon 🔴
191
What are the main grapes of Walla Walla Valley
Cabernet Sauvignon 🔴
Merlot 🔴
Syrah 🔴
192
What is the main soil of Walla Walla Valley
Basalt Bedrock
Thin alluvial top soil (deposited by the Missoula Floods)
Loess
193
What are the main red grapes of Washington
Cabernet Sauvignon 🔴
Merlot 🔴
194
What are the main white grapes of Washington
Chardonnay ⚪
Riesling ⚪
195
What is the main wine region in Oregon
Willamette Valley
196
What two mountain ranges does Willamette Valley set between
West - Coastal Range Mountains
East - Cascades Mountains
197
David Lett and Charles Coury where the first to do what in Oregon
Plant Pinot Noir in the mid 1960s
198
Who is the producer of "South Block Reserve" - Pinot Noir
David Lett
199
How many smaller AVAs are located within Willamette Valley
6
Dundee Hills
Eola - Amity Hills
Ribbon Ridge
McMinnville
Yamhill - Carlton District
Chehalem Mountain
200
Dundee Hills
Eola - Amity Hills
Ribbon Ridge
McMinnville
Yamhill - Carlton District
Chehalem Mountains
These are the six smaller AVAs to what region
Willamette Valley AVA
201
This is a well drained soil series of volcanic origin and is common in the "red hills" of the Dundee Hills AVA
Jory
202
This marine sedimentary soil are more prominent in Willamette Valleys westernmost slopes, such as in Ribbon a Ridge
Willakenzie
203
Where is the Van Duzer Corridor and what does it effect
A gap in the Coastal Mountains in Oregon, that separate the Valley from the Ocean
- a Pacific Winds funnels through this area, directly impacting McMinnville and the Eola Amity Hills
- the wind that comes through this corridor generates more tannic style Pinot Noir
204
Umpqua Valley
Elkton Oregon
Rogue Valley
Applegate Valley
Red Hill Douglas County
These AVAs are located where
Southern Oregon
205
What is the warmest and driest growing region west of the Cascades in Oregon
Applegate Valley AVA
206
Applegate Valley is located inside what other AVA
Rogue Valley
207
What 4 AVAs line the northern boundary with Washington
Columbia Gorge
Columbia Valley
Walla Walla Valley
The Rocks of Milton - Freewater
208
The Rocks of Milton Freewater AVA sets in what AVA
Walla Walla Valley
209
Which state does The Rock of Milton Freewater set in
Oregon
210
What state is Snake River Valley located
Idaho / Oregon
- there is a single vineyard located on the Oregon side of Snake River Valley
211
Grape varietals other than white and red Bordeaux and major Rhône grapes must make up a minimum of ____________ the stated variety
90%
212
If Oregon Pinot Noir and Pinot Gris is used, they must make up _______ of the wine
90%
213
A wine labeled by an AVA within Oregon must contain a minimum of ________ of grapes grown in the respective appellation
95%
214
Willamette River is the main river to what AVA
Willamette Valley
215
Columbia River as a border to what two states
Washington and Oregon
216
What is the single largest state AVA in the United States
Texas Hill Country
