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France - Bordeaux Flashcards

1
Q

Where is Bordeaux Located?

A

Bordeaux is located in southwestern france, and is named after the 4th largest city in France, Bordeaux

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2
Q

What are the two major areas of Medoc

A
  • Bas - Medoc ( Lower)

- Haut-Medoc (Upper)

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3
Q

Wines labeled “Appellation Mèdoc Controlèe were made from what part of Mèdoc?

A

Châteaux in Bas-Mèdoc

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4
Q

What is the dominant grape of Mèdoc

A

Cabernet Sauvignon

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5
Q

What are the two main red wines used to blend with Cabernet Sauvignon left bank wines?

A
  • Cabernet Franc: used to soften the tannin structure and to add herbaceous and aromatic notes
  • Merlot: used to soften tannins and add ripe fruit Characteristics
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6
Q

True or False

Haut - Medoc is not a sub region of Mèdoc?

A

False

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7
Q

True or False

Haut Medoc has the more superior type of soil than the rest of Medoc?

A

True

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8
Q

How are high quality wines from Haut Medoc labeled?

A

Appellation Haut-Medoc Contrôlèe

Note:
Are often high quality wines

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9
Q

What are the communes of Haut - Medoc?

A

From north to south

  • St. Estèphe
  • Pauillac
  • St. Julien
  • Listrac
  • Moulis
  • Margaux
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10
Q

What is the main soil type of Medoc?

A

Mainly gravelly with some deposits of limestone and clay

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11
Q

What are the areas that set off of the Gironde Estuary and Garonne River

A

Medoc

Graves

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12
Q

What is the most grown grape in Bordeax?

A

Merlot

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13
Q

What are the red grape varietals of Bordeaux?

A
  • Merlot
  • Cabernet Sauvignon
  • Cabernet Franc
  • Petit Verdot
  • Malbec
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14
Q

What is the main white grape varitials in Bordeaux?

A
  • Sauvignon Blanc
  • Semillion
  • Muscadelle
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15
Q

Refer the newest grapes that have introduced by INAO and why

A 
Red
Arinarnoa
Castets
Marselan
Touriga Nacional

White
Alvarinho
Petit Manseng
Liliorila

Those varieties were concidered suitable for their ability to handle water stress and for being later ripening.

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16
Q

What commune in Bordeaux is known to being the most important appellation in all of Bordeaux

A

Paulliac

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17
Q

What are the five 1st Growth Classification Wines of 1855?

A
  • Chateau Latour
  • Château Lafite - Rothchild
  • Château Mouton - Rothschild
  • Château Margeux
  • Château Haut - Brion
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18
Q

State the regulation for the new grapes from INAO

A
  • Plantings of the new varieties will be limited to just 5% of an estate’s total surface area.
  • The varities can compromise no more thatn 10% of the blend in either red or white wines.
  • Use only for Bordeaux AOP and Bordeuax Superieur AOP
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19
Q

What is the smallest commune in Haut Medoc?

A

St. Julien

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20
Q

What are boulbenes?

A

The mixture of sand, gravel, and light clay soil. This takes place in Graves

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21
Q

True or False

You can only produce red wines in Graves?

A

False - you can produce red wines and white wines. Only in Medoc and Haut- Medoc in the left bank can you only made red wines

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22
Q

What are the 3 major bodies of water in Bordeaux

A
  • Gironde Estuary
  • Gasonne River
  • Dogdonne River
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23
Q

What area in the Left Bank is known for its sweet white wines?

A

Sauternes,Barsac,Cerons

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24
Q

What is the fungus that is very popular on grapes in Sauternes and Barsac that helps produces sweet white wines?

A

Botrytis Cinerea

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25
What grape gets Botrytis Cinerea the most in Bordeaux and why?
Semillion and because it's a thin skinned grape that contains a lot of sugar
26
What causes Noble Rot?
1) Soil : comabination of clay, gravel and sand over a bed of deep limestone 2) Climate : The location attracts morning mists which are cause by the humidity generated by the cold watres of Ciron and the nearby pine forests. In the warm afternoon, the mists are blown away by the dry winds generated by the warmer Garonne, which dry the grapes off and prevent grey rot developing. Gentle rain can help too.
27
What is the white wine that is made in Pessac - Lèognan?
Sauvignon Blanc
28
What is the soil type in the right bank?
Clayish with lismestone
29
What is the main grapes of the right bank?
Merlot - the main grape Cabernet Franc - is also a leading grape
30
What appellations in the right bank make white wines and refer the grapes
Côte de Blaye and Côte de Bourg Colombard, Ugni Blanc
31
What are the two main red wine regions in the right bank?
Pomerol Saint - Èmilion
32
Other red wines of the right bank?
Canon - Fronsac Fronsac Lalande - de - Pomperol
33
What is the smallest commune of all the quality communes in Bordeaux?
Pomerol Note: - it's limited supply is what has caused prices in the appellation to skyrocket
34
What is the major grape grown in Pomerol?
Merlot
35
What is the top château in Pomerol?
Château Pètrus
36
What is the main grape of Saint Èmilion?
Merlot
37
True or False Saint Èmilion was apart of the 1855 Classification?
False - due to being left out Saint Èmilion created its own appellation, Appellation Saint Èmilion Grand Cru Contrôlèe"
38
What are the top producers in Saint Emilion?
Château Cheval Blanc Chateau Pavi Chateau Angelus Château Ausone
39
What does Entre - Deux - Mers mean?
Between the Seas
40
What type wines are exclusively sold in Entre - Deux - Mers?
Dry white wines
41
What is the dominant grape in Entre De Mers?
Sauvignon Blanc
42
What type of wines are made in Sauternes?
Dessert Wines
43
What is the Southern most sweet wine region of Bordeaux?
Sauternes
44
True or False | Sauternes are made every year?
False - Sauternes are made only during the best vintage years. During bad vintages the wines are sold off to other producers
45
Name an important Château in Sauternes?
Château d'YQuem
46
What bank is Sauternes located?
Left Bank
47
What region in France has the most acreage
Bordeaux with 117,500 ha
48
Refer the soils of Pomerol
Sandy/gravel and clay to the east | Sand with crasse de fer ironstone to the west
49
What are the main areas set off of the Dogdonne River
Saint Emilion Pomerol Fronsac Surrounding Appellations
50
What appellations set on the right bank of the Gironde River
Blaye Bourg
51
What is the vast stretch of land between the Garonne River and Dordogne River
Entre - Deux - Mers
52
What is the climate of Bordeaux
Maritime
53
What area in France receives the most rainfall
Medoc - Annual rainfall is 950mm
54
What are usually the driest months of Bordeaux
July and August
55
What parallel runs just north of Bordeaux
45th parallel
56
Why is the Atlantic Gulf Stream Current important to Bordeaux
It brings warm water up from the Caribbean, keeping the climate mild
57
What is Bordeaux most planted white grape
Semillon ⚪
58
What are some notes that Cabernet Sauvignon, Cabernet Franc, Carmenère, and Sauvignon Blanc share
Green notes: Bell Pepper Grass Sage
59
What is the synonym for Cabernet Franc on the right bank
Bouchet
60
What is the original name of Malbec
Pressac Noir
61
What are the synonyms for Malbec and the location of these names
Côt - west France Pressac - Bordeaux right bank around Lisbourne
62
What grape is the only grape that uses the spur training method
Sémillon
63
How many AOPs are there in Bordeaux
39
64
Bordeaux AOP Bordeaux Supérieur AOP Crémont de Bordeaux AOP What are these to Bordeaux
The three regional appellations of Bordeaux
65
How many châteaux were chosen in the classification of 1855 and how many categories was it
57 - 5 categories called Grand Cru Classé
66
How many Sauternes were chosen for their classification and how were they divided
21 - 3 categories - second Crus - premier Crus - Premier Cru Supérior
67
What were the original 4 châteaux chosen for the classification of 1855
Latour Lafite Margeaux Haute - Brion
68
What château received the Premier Cru Supérieur
Château d'Yquem
69
What date was the classification of 1855 official
April 18, 1855
70
When was château Mouton Rothschild upgraded to a first growth
1973
71
What is most common vine training system in Bordeaux and why
Vertical in the Guyot system - produces larger berries
72
What is the common style of guyot system used in the left bank
Double
73
What is the most common guyot training system used in the right bank
Simple
74
What type of training system is used for Sauternes and why
Cordon Training - produces slightly smaller berries that attract botrytis
75
What disease is common with using the guyot cane training
Grey Rot
76
What is the common spacing in Médoc
1 x 1 meters
77
Do the canopies hang high or low off the ground in Médoc
Low - one meter off the ground to take advantage of the stony soil
78
What is the common spacing in Saint Émilion and Pomerol
1.3 - 1.5 meters
79
What is the vine per hectors requirement for the left bank
7,000 Vines per hectare
80
What is the vine per Hectare in Saint Emilion and Pomerol
5,500 Vines per Hectare
81
What is the common spacing of Vines in Entre Deux Mers
Up to 2.5 meters
82
Is chaptalization allowed in Bordeaux
Yes
83
What type of barrel is used to age. Bordeaux red wines
New french oak barriques
84
What is the barrique size in Bordeaux
225 liters
85
What is cliquage
A controversial form on micro oxygenation when small doses of oxygen are applied to the finished wine in barrel
86
What are the two thoughts of assemblage in Bordeaux
1. Create the final blend early in the year after harvest in time for the April en primeur tasting 2. Create the blend just before bottling in order to isolate and observe the maturation of separate components for as long as possible
87
When does bottling typically occurs in Bordeaux
April
88
Is the cork a finish requirement in Bordeaux
No, it's not mandated by AOC law
89
What are the top vintages of Left Bank, Right bank and Sautenres
Left bank: 1995 2000,2003,2005, 2009, 2010,2016,2018 Right bank:1995,1998 2005,2009,2010,2015 Sauternes:1959,1967,1983,1989,1990 2001,2003,2009,2011,2014,
90
All the winegrowing in the Médoc occurs where
On the eastern edge of the Médoc
91
Where are the best vineyards and châteaux located in Médoc
Haut Medoc
92
What physical feature in Médoc shields the region's vineyards from Atlantic weather and winds
Landes Forest
93
How many AOPs are in Médoc
8 Médoc AOP Haut Médoc AOP St Estèphe Pauillac Saint Juilian Margaux Listrac - Médoc Moulis
94
Where are wines labeled Medoc AOP located
Bas Medoc
95
Where are wines labeled Haut Medoc AOP located
West of Saint Estephe, Pauillac, Saint Julien or south of Margaux
96
What are some characteristics of wine from Saint Estèphe
Firm, tanninc, earthy, chuncky, full bodied, sturdy and slow to mature.
97
Château Cos d'Estournel Château Montrose These are the leading Châteaux from what region in Bordeaux and where were they listed on the 1855 classification
Saint Estèphe - second growths
98
How many classified estates does Saint Estèphe have
5 Second Growths Château Cos d'Estournel Château Montrose Third Growths Château Calon-Ségur Fourth Growths Château Lafon-Rochet Fifth Growths Château Cos Labory
99
What grape accounts for 40% of Saint Estèphe communes
Merlot
100
What château marks the northern boundary of Paulliac
Château Lafite Rothschild
101
What château makes up the southern boundary of Paulliac
Château Latour
102
What is the flavor for Paulliac
Rich, powerful, firm, and tannic, with blackcurrant and cedar aromas and flavors
103
Pauillac is home to how many first growth wines
3 Château Lafite Rothschild Château Mouton Rothschild Château Latour
104
What is Château Léoville and where is it located
It is the principal estate of Saint Julien - was once the biggest Commune in the AOP but was divided into 3: Château Léoville Las Cases - has the most extensive vineyards of the three. Is priced sometimes as a first growth Château Léoville Baron - sets next to Château Langoa Barton. Both owned by Irish merchant family "The Barons" Château Poyferré - usually produces second growth quality wines
105
What is the second label of Château Léoville Las Cases
Le Petis Lion du Marquis de Las Cases Le Petite Marquis Clos du Marquis
106
What is the second label for Château Léoville Poyferré
Pavillon de Leoville Poyferre Chateau Moulin Riche(2002-2003)
107
Refer the second growths of Pauillac and their second labels
Chateau Pichon Longueville (Baron) - Les Tourelles de Pichons - Les Griffons de Pichon Baron (also second label since 2012) Chateau Pichon Longueville Comtesse de Lalande - Pichon Comtesse Reserve - Les Gartieux de PIchon Lalande
108
State the second growths of St Estepshe and their second labels
Chateau Montrose - Le Dame de Montrose - Tierto de Montrose ( only in selected vintages) Chateau Cos d'Estournel -Les Bagodes de Cos
109
What is the smallest Commune in Médoc
Saint Julien
110
What Commune has the most châteaux in the 1855 Classification
Margaux with 21
111
What is the second label of Chateau Haut Brion and the white label
Le Clarence de Haut Brion Le Clarte de Haut Brion
112
How many communes make up Margaux
5 Margaux Cantenac Soussans Alsac Labarde
113
Margaux Cantenac Soussans Arsac Labarde These are the 5 communes for what AOC in Bordeaux
Margaux
114
What is the 1st growth from Margaux
Château Margaux
115
What are the second growths of Margaux
``` Chateau Rauzen Segla Chateau Rauzen Gassies Chateau Chateau Durfort Vivens Chateau Lascombes Chateau Brane Canteanc ```
116
What is the white wine that château Margaux makes and what classification does it fall under
Pavilion Blanc du Château Margaux - Bordeaux AOC
117
What classification does Château Palmer fall under
3rd growth Classification
118
Refer the third growths of St julien and thei second labels
Chateau Lagrange -Les Fies de Lagrands Blanc: Le Arum de Lagrange Chateau Langoa Barton -Chateau Lady Langoa
119
How many reclassification has the Saint Emilion Classification had
There have been 6 Classifications: 1955, 1969, 1985, 1996, 2006 and 2012.
120
What are the 4 Grand Cru Classé A for Saint Emilion Classification
Château Cheval Blanc Château Angélus Château Ausone Château Pavie
121
When did the Saint Emilion Classification become into existence and was completed
1955 | 1958
122
How often is the Saint Emilion Classification reviewed
Every 10 years
123
Rauzan - Ségla is a 2nd growth for what Appellation
Margaux
124
Wines from Moulis and Listrac AOP can only qualifty for what
Haut Médoc AOP Cru Bourgeois
125
What is the main soil of Moulis
Gravel
126
This appellation was granted in 1938 and is located on the western edge of the Grand Poujeaux croupe with Saint Julien
Moulis
127
Are there any classified wines in Moulis AOP
No
128
Château Chasse - Spleen Château Poujeaux These are the two leading Châteaux for what region
Moulis AOP
129
What was the last commune to achieve AOC status in the left bank and in what years
Listrac - 1957
130
What is the main grape of Moulis and Listrac Médoc
Cabernet Sauvignon 🔴 Merlot 🔴 - on the rise in the area
131
How many classifications does Medoc have and what are they
1855 Classification Cru Bourgeois Cru Artisan
132
when Cru Artisan classification was re-established and how mnay chateaux consist
2005 36
133
What was the purpose of creating the Cru Bourgeois
To create a classification for wines lacking the breed of the more aristocratic 1855 estates some collective marketing power
134
What year was the Cru Bourgeois Classification introduced
1932
135
How many tiers are there to the Cru Bourgeois Classification and what are they
Cru Bourgeois Cru Bourgeois Supérieur Cru Bourgeois Exceptionnel
136
In the original introduction of the Cru Bourgeois Classification, how many properties were apart
444
137
When was the last major revision done to the Cru Bourgeois Classification and what were they
2003 - cut the total amount of properties down to 247, with only 9 of those being able to use the "exceptionnels" tier - mandated revisions will occur ever 12 years
138
Is the Cru Bourgeois Classification still around today
Yes, since 2018
139
When Cru Bourgeois was reverted
2007
140
What physical feature separates Graves from the Atlantic Ocean
The Landes Forest
141
What is the main soil of Graves
Gravel with some sand and marine deposits rich in carbonates
142
What is the main soil type of Northern Graves
Gravel croupes
143
What is the main soil type of Southern Graves
Sand and limestone
144
What are the two regional AOPs of Graves
Graves AOP Graves Supérieur AOP
145
What type of wines are made in Graves AOP
Red 🔴 White ⚪
146
What type of wines are made in Graves Supérior AOP
Sweet Whites Only
147
When did the Graves Classification come into existence
In 1953 at the request of INAO | Ratified in 1958 and modified in 1959
148
What type of wines can be apart of the Graves Classification
Reds and Whites
149
What is the top category for the Graves Classification
Cru Classé
150
How many châteaux were added to the Graves Classification of 1959
16 - 7 received Cru Classé status - 3 for white - 6 for both red and white
151
What château split in 1968 into two changing the total number of Châteaux apart of the Graves Classification from 15 to 16
Château Couhins
152
When was Pessac Léognan AOC founded
1987
153
These are the 10 communes of what AOC: Mérignac Talence Pessac Gradignan Villenave-d'Ornon Cadaujac Léognan Martillac Canéjan Saint-Médard-d'Eyrans
Pessac - Léognan AOC
154
What are the main grapes of Pessac - Léognan
Cabernet Sauvignon Merlot
155
What is the only first growth of of Pessac Léognan
Château Haut Brion
156
What is the main grape of Château Haut Brion
Merlot but most of their wines are Cabernet Sauvignon base blends
157
Where is Sauternes and Barsac located
Southern Graves
158
What type of wines are produced in Sauternes and Barsac
Sweet wines
159
What is noble Rot called in France
Pourriture Rot
160
Barsac Preignac Bommes Fargues Sauternes These are the 5 communes for what AOC
Sauternes
161
What are the main two rivers of Sauternes AOC
Ciron River Garonne River
162
Is new oak used for the sweet wines of Sauternes
Yes, new French Oak Barriques
163
Is chaptalization allowed in Sauternes AOC
Yes
164
What is the largest Commune of production in Sauternes
Barsac
165
What is the most coveted Bordeaux Blanc on the market
Château d'Yquem's - "Ygrec" - debuted in 1959
166
Cérons Podensac Illats These are the 3 communes of what French AOC
Cérons AOC
167
What type of wines are made in Cérons AOP
Sweet whites Red wines Dry white wines
168
If a wine is a dry white or red wine from Cérons AOC how would it be labeled
Graves AOC
169
Sweet wines from Céron AOC are labeled
Cérons AOC
170
When was the Cérons AOC created
1936
171
How many AOPs make up the right bank
10 Fronsac Canon - Fronsac Lalande - de - Pomerol Pomerol St - Emilion Castillon Côtes de Bordeaux Montagne - St Émilion Puisseguin - St Émilion St - Georges - St - Émilion
172
Why is Merlot more covenant in the right bank than left bank
The right bank cool clay and calcareous clay soils, which are better suited for Merlot, Cabernet Sauvignon grows better in gravel soils
173
What is the typical grape breakdown for the right bank
70% Merlot 30% Cabernet Franc
174
What role does Merlot play in right bank blends
- jammy | - fruitcake
175
What role does Cabernet Franc play in right bank blends
Gives the wines structure , brighter acidity, and restrained alcohol
176
Where did Château Ausone get its name from
The poet Ausonius who lived in Saint Émilion
177
Liborne Saint Christophe des Bardes Saint Émilion Saint Étienne de Lisse Saint Hippolyte Saint Laurent - des - Combes Saint - Pey - d'Armens Saint Sulpice - de - Faleyrens Vignonet These are the nine communes for what AOP
Saint Émilion AOP
178
Where are the historic growing areas of Saint Émilion AOP
On the slopes (Côtes) of limestone plateau near the commune of Saint Émilion
179
Name the only red wine appellations of Saint Émilion
Saint Émilion AOP - established in 1936 Saint Émilion Grand Cru AOP - established in 1954
180
What is the difference between Saint Émilion AOP and Saint Émilion Grand Cru AOP
Saint Émilion Grand Cru AOP must be Estate bottled unlike Saint Émilion AOP which can be blended and bottles by a négociant - Saint Émilion Grand Cru AOP requires lower maximum yields and longer élevage - Saint Émilion Grand Cru estates are usually located on limestone Côtes and Saint Émilion AOP is located in the river plain
181
How many Saint Émilion premier Cru Classé B are there
14
182
``` Château Beauséjour (Duffau-Lagarrosse) Château Beau-Séjour Bécot Château Bélair-Monange Château Canon Château Canon-la-Gaffelière Château Figeac Clos Fourtet Château La Gaffelière Château Larcis Ducasse La Mondotte Château Pavie-Macquin Château Troplong Mondot Château Trotte Vieille Château Valandraud ``` These are the 14 estates for what classification
Saint Émilion Classification - Premier Classé B
183
How many grand Cru Classé properties are apart of the Saint Émilion classification
64
184
What are the key physical features of Pomerol
Barbanne River Isle River The city of Libourne
185
What is the only château in Bordeaux wine to be classified twice
Château Haut Brion 1855 Classification Graves Classification of 1959
186
All of the Graves Classification wines are located where in Bordeaux
Pessac - Léognan
187
How many times does the harvest take place in Chateau D'Yquem?
eight or nine times | typically in September and sometimes continuing until November
188
State the difference between Sauternes and Barsac concerning the quality of the wines
Sauternes village is slightly hillier, which increases the effectes of the mists leads to more richly botrytized wines. Barsac's flatter san and limestone soils create finer, fresher and elegantly flavoured wines.
189
State the differnce between Sauternes and Cerons
The heavier clay content in the soils in Cerons means more consistent temperatures and thus less change of the moring mists plsu flatter landscape.
190
Famous Chateaux of Cerons
Chateau de Cerons Chateau L' Avocat Cerons Chateau de Madere
191
Famous Chateaux of St Croix du Mont
Chateau La Rame Chateau Loubens Chateau Laurette
192
Famous Chateaux of Loupiac
Chateau Dauphine Rondillon Chateau Loupiac Gaudiet Chateau de Ricaud
193
Famous Chateaux of Cadillac
Chateau Cousteau Chateau Manos Chateau Biac
194
What is the "crass de fer"
It is a kind of very firm and stony blend of earth and metal with high content of iron oxide, which gives the wines a very characteristic flavour of something fat and metal, which many associate with truffle.
195
Refer the three styles of soils in St Emillon
1) Limestone PLateau :Clay rich calcareous soil on hard limestone bedrock 2) The slopes: A) Higher slopes: Clay rich calcareous soil on soft limestone bedrock B) Lower slopes : Well drained sandy soils 3)Flats : Gravel
196
Famous Pomerol Chateaux
```  Chateau Petrus  Chateau Le Pin  Chateau Lafleur Petrus  Chateau Lafleur  Vieux Chateau Certan  Chateau Certan  Chateau Certan de May  Chateau Conseillante  Chateau L’Eglise Clinet  Chateau Latour a Pomerol  Chateau L’Evangile  Chateau Trotanoy ```
197
Famous Chateaux of lalande de Pomerol (1954)
* Chateau La Fleur de Bouard (Le Plus) * Chateau de Chambrun (Le Bourg) * Chateau L’Eglise Clinet * Chateau Les Cruzelles * Chateau Siaurac * Chateau La Graviere
198
Refer the 2 Aops of Haut Benauge
1) Bordeaux Haut Benauge ( botrytized and moelleux wines) | 2) Entre Deux Mers Haut Benauge (dry white wines from Semillon, Sauv.Blanc,Muscadelle)
199
Famous Chateaux of Cotes de Bourg
Roc de Cambes Chateau Bone Clos de Moiselles
200
What are the are the four inland parcels for Le Forts de latour
L'Enclos Pinada Petit Batailley St Anna

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