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AP GOV Vincent Avila Chapter Vocab > Vincent Avila Ch 12 > Flashcards

Vincent Avila Ch 12 Flashcards

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1
Q

501 (c) Group

A

Interest groups whose primary purpose is not electoral politics

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2
Q

527 political committee

A

Organizations created with the primary purpose of influencing electoral outcomes

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3
Q

Barack Obama

A

The first African American president of the United States, a Democrat, who served as forty-fourth president from 2009 to 2017

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4
Q

Bernie Sanders

A

Longest serving independent in the United States Congress. Ran against Hillary Clinton in the 2016 Democratic presidential primary

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5
Q

Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act (BCRA)

A

Passed in 2002, this act amended the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 with several provisions designed to end the use of non-federal, or “soft money” for activity affecting federal elections

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6
Q

Campaign consultant

A

a private- sector professional who sells to a candidate the technologies, services, and strategies required to get that candidate elected

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7
Q

Campaign manager

A

The individual who travels with the candidates the campaign.

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8
Q

Citizens United v. FEC

A

The 2010 U.S. Supreme Court case that enabled corporations and unions have the same political speech rights as individuals under the First Amendment

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9
Q

Closed primary

A

A primary election in which only a party’s registered voters are eligible to cast a ballot

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10
Q

Communication director

A

The person develops the overall media strategy for the candidate

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11
Q

Contrast ad

A

Ad that compares the records and proposals of the candidates, with a bias toward the candidate sponsoring the ad.

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12
Q

Conventional political participation

A

Activism that attempts to influence the political process through commonly accepted forms of persuasion such as voting or letter writing.

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13
Q

Crossover voting

A

Participation in the primary election of a party with the voter is not affiliated.

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14
Q

Donald J. Trump

A

The forty-fifth president, a Republican, elected in 2016; first president elected without prior political or military experience

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15
Q

Elector

A

Member of Electoral College

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16
Q

Electorate

A

The citizen eligible to vote

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17
Q

Electoral College

A

Representatives of each state who cast the final ballots that actually elect a president.

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18
Q

Federal Election Campaign Act (FECA)

A

Passed in 1971, this is the primary law that regulates political campaign spending and fundraising

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19
Q

Federal Election Commission (FEC)

A

An independent regulatory agency founded in 1975 by the United States Congress to regulate the Campaign finance legislation to the United States.

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20
Q

Finance chair

A

The individual who coordinates the financial business of the campaign

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21
Q

Front-loading

A

The tendency of states to choose an early date on the nomination calendar

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22
Q

General election

A

Election in which voters decide which candidates will actually fill elective public offices.

23
Q

Get-out-the-vote

A

A push at the end of a political campaign to encourage supporters to go to the polls.

24
Q

Help America Vote Act

A

A federal law passed in 2002 that addresses issues of voting systems and voter access that were identified following the 2000 election. It established minimum election administration standards for states and units of local government with for the administration of federal elections and for other purposes related to the bill.

25
Q

Hillary R. Clinton

A

First female major party candidate for president of the United States, a Democrat, who ran against President Donald J. Trump in 2016

26
Q

Incumbency

A

Already holding an office

27
Q

Independent expenditures

A

Spending for campaign activity that is not coordinated with a candidate’s campaign.

28
Q

Initiative

A

An election that allows citizens to propose legislation or state constitutional amendments by submitting them to the electorate for popular vote

29
Q

Inoculation ad

A

Advertising that attempts to counteract an anticipated attack from the opposition before the attack is launched

30
Q

Mandate

A

A command, indicated by an electorate vote, for the elected officials to carry our a party platform or policy agenda

31
Q

Matching funds

A

Donations to presidential campaigns whereby every dollar raised from individuals in amounts less than $251 is matched by the federal treasury

32
Q

McCutcheon v. FEC

A

The 2014 supreme court ruling that declared section 441 of the federal election campaign act (FECA) unconstitutional, section 441 imposed limits on any individual’s total political contributions in a two year period

33
Q

Mid-term election

A

An election that takes place in the middle of a presidential term

34
Q

Negative ad

A

Advertising on behalf of a candidate that attacks the opponent’s character or platform

35
Q

Open primary

A

Primary election in which party members, independents, and sometimes members of the other party are allowed to participate

36
Q

Political Action Committee (PAC)

A

Officially recognized fund-raising organizations that represents interest groups are allowed by federal law to make contributions directly to candidates’ campaigns.

37
Q

Pollster

A

A campaign consultant who conducts public opinion surveys

38
Q

Positive ad

A

Advertising on behalf of a candidates’ that stresses the candidates qualifications, family, and issues positions, with no direct reference to the opponent.

39
Q

Presidential coattails

A

When successful presidential candidates cary into office congressional candidates of the same party in the year of their election

40
Q

Press secretary

A

The individual charged with interacting and communicating with journalists on a daily basis

41
Q

Primary election

A

Election in which voters decide which of the candidates within a party will represent the party in the general election

42
Q

Prospective judgement

A

A voters evaluation of a candidate based on what he or she pledges to do about an issue if elected

43
Q

Public funds

A

Donations from general tax revenues to the campaigns of qualifying presidential candidates

44
Q

Reapportionment

A

The reallocation of the number of seats in the house of representatives after each decennial census

45
Q

Recall

A

An election in which voters can remove an incumbent from office prior to the next scheduled election

46
Q

Referendum

A

An election whereby the state legislature submits proposed legislation or state constitutional amendments to the voters for approval

47
Q

Retrospective judgement

A

A voter’s evaluation of a candidate based on past performance on a particular issue

48
Q

Runoff primary

A

A second primary election between the two candidates receiving the greatest number of votes in the first primary

49
Q

Super PAC

A

Political action committees established to make independent expenditures

50
Q

Turnout

A

The proportion of the voting-age public that casts a ballot

51
Q

Thomas Jefferson

A

Principle drafter of the declaration of independence; second vice president of the United States; third president of the United States from 1801 to 1809. Co-founder of the Democratic- Republican Party

52
Q

Unconventional political participation

A

Activism that attempts to influence the political process through unusual or extreme measures, such as protests, boycott, and picketing

53
Q

Voter canvass

A

The process by which a campaign reaches individual voters, either by door-to-door solicitation or by telephone

AP GOV Vincent Avila Chapter Vocab (15 decks)

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