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AP GOV Vincent Avila Chapter Vocab > Chapter 4 Vincent A. > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Vincent A. Flashcards

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U.S. Government Basics flashcards AP® U.S. Government flashcards
1
Q

Alien and Sedition Acts

A

Allowed the imprisonment and deportation of aliens considered dangerous

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2
Q

Abraham Lincoln

A

Sixteenth president, first Republican President, and led the Union during the Civil War

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3
Q

Abolitionists

A

A supporter of an end to the institution of slavery

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4
Q

Bill of Attainder

A

A law declaring an act illegal without a judicial trial

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5
Q

Bill of Rights

A

The first ten amendments to the US Constitution, which guarantees specific rights and liberties

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6
Q

Black Lives Matter (BLM)

A

Direct protest and political activism against police brutality, mass incarceration, and related offences against African Americans

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7
Q

Burger Court

A

Period in which Warren Burger served as Chief Justice

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8
Q

Capital Cases

A

A conviction where the application of the death penalty may apply

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9
Q

Civil Liberties

A

Personal guarantees and freedoms that the government cannot abridge

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10
Q

Civil Rights

A

Government-protected rights of individuals from the government or individuals

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11
Q

Clear and Present Danger Test

A

Test articulated to draw the line between protected and unprotected speech

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12
Q

Dejonge v. Oregon (1937)

A

Applied First Amendment protections of freedom of assembly to the states

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13
Q

Direct Incitement Test

A

The First Amendment protects advocacy of illegal action unless imminent lawless action is intended and likely to occur

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14
Q

Double Jeopardy Clause

A

Individuals are protected from being tried twice for the same offense in the same jurisdiction

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15
Q

Due Process Clause

A

Clause contained in the Fifth and Fourteenth Amendment, guarantees a variety of rights to individuals

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16
Q

Due Process Rights

A

Procedural, ensuring fair treatment, or substantive, protecting fundamental rights

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17
Q

Earl Warren

A

Led the Court through an important liberal phase

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18
Q

Eighth Amendment

A

“Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted.”

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19
Q

Eighteenth Amendment

A

A nationwide prohibition on alcoholic beverages

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20
Q

Espionage Act

A

Prohibited urging resistance to the draft or disturbing anti-war leaflets

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21
Q

Establishment Clause

A

Directs the national government not to sanction an official religion

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22
Q

Exclusionary Rule

A

Police are prohibited from using illegally seized evidence in the same jurisdiction

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23
Q

Ex post facto law

A

Makes an act punishable as a crime if it was legal before it was committed

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24
Q

First Amendment

A

Restrictions on the federal government with respect to civil liberties, including freedom of religion, speech, press, assembly, and petition

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25
Q

Fourth Amendment

A

Protects people from unreasonable searches and seizures of their persons, houses, papers, and effects without a warrant from a judge among other guarantees

26
Q

Fourteenth Amendment

A

Extension of the “equal protection of the law” to all citizens

27
Q

Fifth Amendment

A

Provides indictment by a grand jury and protection against self incrimination, and prevents the national government from denying a person life, liberty, or property. Prevents the national government from taking property without just compensation

28
Q

Fighting Words

A

Words that inflict injury or tend to incite an immediate breach of speech

29
Q

Free exercise clause

A

Prohibits the US government from interfering with a citizen’s right to practice his or her religion

30
Q

Fundamental Freedoms

A

Rights defined by the Court as essential to order, liberty, and justice and therefore entitled to the highest standard of review

31
Q

Gitlow v. New York (1925)

A

A case that extended the First Amendment protections to State Governments

32
Q

Grand Jury

A

Group of citizens that determine whether enough evidence exists for a case to go to trial

33
Q

Hate speech

A

Communication that belittles a person or group on the basis of race, gender, ethnicity, or other characteristics

34
Q

Incorporation doctrine

A

The due process clause must require state and local governments to guarantee the rights stated in the Bill of Rights

35
Q

Lemon test

A

Three-part test created by the Supreme Court for examining the constitutionality of religious establishment issues

36
Q

Libel

A

False Written statement that defames a person’s character

37
Q

Miranda Rights

A

Police are required to read a suspect his or her rights

38
Q

Miranda v. Arizona (1966)

A

Individuals arrested for a crime must be advised of their rights to remain silent and have counsel present

39
Q

Miller v. California (1973)

A

Used to determine when sexually explicit interpretation was obscene and unprotected by the First Amendment

40
Q

New York Times Co. v. Sullivan (1964)

A

“Actual malice” must be proven to support a finding of libel against a public figure

41
Q

New York Times Co v. US (1971)

A

The US government could not block the publication of secret Department of Defense documents illegally furnished to the Times by anti-war activists

42
Q

Ninth Amendment

A

Enumerating rights in the Constitution or Bill of Rights does not mean that others do not exist

43
Q

Occupy Wall Street

A

Promotes protests and political activism against income inequality and corporate greed

44
Q

Planned Parenthood of Southeastern Pennsylvania v. Caset (1992)

A

This abortion case replaced the strict scrutiny standard of Roe with the less stringent undue burden standard

45
Q

Prior Restraint

A

Doctrine prevents the government from prohibiting speech or publication before the fact

46
Q

Right to Privacy

A

The right to be left alone

47
Q

Roe v. Wade (1973)

A

A woman’s right to abortion was protected by the right to privacy

48
Q

Sedition Laws

A

Made it illegal to speak or write any political criticism that threaten to diminish respect for the government, it’s laws, or public officials

49
Q

Selective Incorporation

A

Most protections in the Bill of Rights are made applicable to the states via the Fourteenth Amendment

50
Q

September 11th

A

A terrorist plot that involved hijacked planes crashing into the World Trade Center and the Pentagon

51
Q

Sixth Amendment

A

Sets out the basic requirements for procedural due process for federal courts to follow in crime trials

52
Q

Slander

A

Untrue spoken statements that defame the character of a person

53
Q

Substantive due process

A

Protects citizens from arbitrary or unjust state or federal laws

54
Q

Symbolic speech

A

Symbols, signs, and other methods of expression protected by the First Amendment

55
Q

Tenth Amendment

A

The powers not delegated to the national government are reserved to the states or to the people

56
Q

The Crown v. Zenger (1735)

A

A precursor to free press provisions in the Constitution

57
Q

Undue Burden Test

A

Allowed for greater regulation of abortion by the states

58
Q

Warren Court

A

Court where Earl Warren served as Chief Justice, noted for many rulings expanding civil liberties and civil rights

59
Q

Warren E. Burger

A

Chief Justice that led the Court in an increasingly conservative direction

60
Q

Whole Woman’s Health v. Hellerstedt (2016)

A

Struck down state law provisions in Texas as presenting an undue burden on women seeking abortions

61
Q

Writ of habeas corpus

A

Prisoners have a right to know what charges are being made against them

AP GOV Vincent Avila Chapter Vocab (15 decks)

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