Chapter 8 VA Flashcards
Administrative Adjudication
A quasi judicial process in which a bureaucratic agency settles disputes between two parties in a manner similar to the way courts resolve disputes
Adjudication by another body other than judiciary would be a violation of the constitutional principle of separation of powers.
Administrative Discretion
The flexible exercising of judgment and decision making allowed to public administrators
This gives decision makers a huge amount of leeway.
Cabinet Departments
Major administrative units with responsibility for a broad area of government operations
Cabinet departments make up 60% of the federal workforce.
Civil Service System
The merit system by which bureaucrats are selected
Laws and orders extended to 90% of all federal workers.
Department of Homeland Security
Cabinet department created to coordinate domestic security efforts
The Department of Homeland Security is the largest department.
Federal Bureaucracy
The thousands of federal government agencies and institutions that implement and administer federal laws and programs
The Federal Bureaucracy is often called the fourth branch of government.
Federal Register
Official U.S. journal that contains all federal rules and public notices
This exists so that citizens and organizations can follow proposed changes and comply with rule changes.
G.I. (Government Issue) Bill
Provided college loans and reduced mortgage rates for returning veterans
This led to greater government involvement in more regulation.
Government Corporations
Businesses established by Congress to perform functions that private businesses could provide
Government Corporations charge a fee for their services.
Great Depression
A severe global economic downturn that began in the U.S. that caused unemployment and poverty
Great Depression was causes by bad harvests, bank failures and the construction industry went into decline.
Great Society
President Lyndon Johnson’s broad array of programs designed to redress political, social, and economic inequality
This program began with two decades after WWII.
Hatch Act
An Act to Prevent Pernicious Political Activities, is a United States federal law whose main provision prohibits employees in the executive branch of the federal government, except the president, vice-president, and certain designated high-level officials, from engaging in some forms
Many people began to argue that the Hatch Act might be too extreme.
Implementation
The process of putting a law into practice through bureaucratic rules or spending. Authority given by Congress to the federal bureaucracy
Implementation is how agencies execute congressional wishes.
Independent Executive Agencies
Government units that perform services, rather than regulatory functions
Heads of these agencies serve like Cabinet secretaries.
Independent Regulatory Commission
Federal agencies created by an act of Congress that are independent of the executive departments
Examples of this are: NLRB, Fed, FCC, and SEC.
Interagency Councils
An independent federal agency within the U.S. executive branch that leads the implementation of the federal strategic plan to prevent and end homelessness
They can be the prime movers of administration policy .
Iron Triangles
A unique relationship between bureaucracy, congressmen, and lobbyists that results in the mutual benefit of all three of them
In modern times, iron triangles no longer dominate policy processes.
Issue Networks
An alliance of various interest groups and individuals who unite in order to promote a common cause or agenda in a way that influences government policy
Iron triangles are an example of issue networks.
Max Weber
Articulated the hierarchical structure and near-mechanical functioning of bureaucracies in complex societies
Max Weber defined bureaucracy as any system of administration.
Merit System
The process of promoting and hiring government employees based on their ability to perform a job, rather than on their political connections
Congress failed to pass this legislation.
Patronage
A group that seeks to elect candidates to public office. Granting favors or giving contracts or making appointments to office in return for political support
The spoils system was a form of patronage.
Pendleton Act
The principle of federal employment on the basis of open, competitive exams
This act operated until 1978.
Policy Coordinating Committees (PCCs)
Facilitate interactions between agencies and departments to handle complex policy problems
Composed of representatives from FBI, CIA, FEMA, and others.
Regulations
A rule or directive made and maintained by an authority
A law that prevents alcohol from being sold in certain places is an example of a regulation.
Rule Making
The process by which federal agencies implement legislation passed by Congress and signed into law by the President
More detailed regulations are created through rule making.
Sixteenth Amendment
Authorized congress to enact a national income tax
The affected the size and growth potential of the Government.
Spoils System
A system of public employment based on rewarding party loyalists and friends
This allows executives to replace office holders with party loyalists.
World War I
A global military conflict that took place across Europe
This event caused an increase in manufacturing.
World War II
A global conflict that took place across Europe, Asia, Africa and the Pacific region
This caused men to be sent to war and women to work at factories.
