Chapter 8 VA

Question 1

Administrative Adjudication

Answer 1

A quasi judicial process in which a bureaucratic agency settles disputes between two parties in a manner similar to the way courts resolve disputes

Adjudication by another body other than judiciary would be a violation of the constitutional principle of separation of powers.

Question 2

Administrative Discretion

Answer 2

The flexible exercising of judgment and decision making allowed to public administrators

This gives decision makers a huge amount of leeway.

Question 3

Cabinet Departments

Answer 3

Major administrative units with responsibility for a broad area of government operations

Cabinet departments make up 60% of the federal workforce.

Question 4

Civil Service System

Answer 4

The merit system by which bureaucrats are selected

Laws and orders extended to 90% of all federal workers.

Question 5

Department of Homeland Security

Answer 5

Cabinet department created to coordinate domestic security efforts

The Department of Homeland Security is the largest department.

Question 6

Federal Bureaucracy

Answer 6

The thousands of federal government agencies and institutions that implement and administer federal laws and programs

The Federal Bureaucracy is often called the fourth branch of government.

Question 7

Federal Register

Answer 7

Official U.S. journal that contains all federal rules and public notices

This exists so that citizens and organizations can follow proposed changes and comply with rule changes.

Question 8

G.I. (Government Issue) Bill

Answer 8

Provided college loans and reduced mortgage rates for returning veterans

This led to greater government involvement in more regulation.

Question 9

Government Corporations

Answer 9

Businesses established by Congress to perform functions that private businesses could provide

Government Corporations charge a fee for their services.

Question 10

Great Depression

Answer 10

A severe global economic downturn that began in the U.S. that caused unemployment and poverty

Great Depression was causes by bad harvests, bank failures and the construction industry went into decline.

Question 11

Great Society

Answer 11

President Lyndon Johnson’s broad array of programs designed to redress political, social, and economic inequality

This program began with two decades after WWII.

Question 12

Hatch Act

Answer 12

An Act to Prevent Pernicious Political Activities, is a United States federal law whose main provision prohibits employees in the executive branch of the federal government, except the president, vice-president, and certain designated high-level officials, from engaging in some forms

Many people began to argue that the Hatch Act might be too extreme.

Question 13

Implementation

Answer 13

The process of putting a law into practice through bureaucratic rules or spending. Authority given by Congress to the federal bureaucracy

Implementation is how agencies execute congressional wishes.

Question 14

Independent Executive Agencies

Answer 14

Government units that perform services, rather than regulatory functions

Heads of these agencies serve like Cabinet secretaries.

Question 15

Independent Regulatory Commission

Answer 15

Federal agencies created by an act of Congress that are independent of the executive departments

Examples of this are: NLRB, Fed, FCC, and SEC.

Question 16

Interagency Councils

Answer 16

An independent federal agency within the U.S. executive branch that leads the implementation of the federal strategic plan to prevent and end homelessness

They can be the prime movers of administration policy .

Question 17

Iron Triangles

Answer 17

A unique relationship between bureaucracy, congressmen, and lobbyists that results in the mutual benefit of all three of them

In modern times, iron triangles no longer dominate policy processes.

Question 18

Issue Networks

Answer 18

An alliance of various interest groups and individuals who unite in order to promote a common cause or agenda in a way that influences government policy

Iron triangles are an example of issue networks.

Question 19

Max Weber

Answer 19

Articulated the hierarchical structure and near-mechanical functioning of bureaucracies in complex societies

Max Weber defined bureaucracy as any system of administration.

Question 20

Merit System

Answer 20

The process of promoting and hiring government employees based on their ability to perform a job, rather than on their political connections

Congress failed to pass this legislation.

Question 21

Patronage

Answer 21

A group that seeks to elect candidates to public office. Granting favors or giving contracts or making appointments to office in return for political support

The spoils system was a form of patronage.

Question 22

Pendleton Act

Answer 22

The principle of federal employment on the basis of open, competitive exams

This act operated until 1978.

Question 23

Policy Coordinating Committees (PCCs)

Answer 23

Facilitate interactions between agencies and departments to handle complex policy problems

Composed of representatives from FBI, CIA, FEMA, and others.

Question 24

Regulations

Answer 24

A rule or directive made and maintained by an authority

A law that prevents alcohol from being sold in certain places is an example of a regulation.

Question 25

Rule Making

Answer 25

The process by which federal agencies implement legislation passed by Congress and signed into law by the President

More detailed regulations are created through rule making.

Question 26

Sixteenth Amendment

Answer 26

Authorized congress to enact a national income tax

The affected the size and growth potential of the Government.

Question 27

Spoils System

Answer 27

A system of public employment based on rewarding party loyalists and friends

This allows executives to replace office holders with party loyalists.

Question 28

World War I

Answer 28

A global military conflict that took place across Europe

This event caused an increase in manufacturing.

Question 29

World War II

Answer 29

A global conflict that took place across Europe, Asia, Africa and the Pacific region

This caused men to be sent to war and women to work at factories.