VII + VIII: The Pelvis I + II Flashcards
what forms the pelvic brim/inlet?
pectineal line of pubis
arcuate line of ilium
sacral promnotory
what is the greater pelvis aka false pelvis
lower part of abdominal cavity
anything superior to the pelvic inlet
what is the lesser pelvis aka true pelvis
inferior to pelvic inlet and superior to the pelvic outlet
what joint helps transfer the weight of the top half of the body
sacroiliac
what type of joint is the sacroiliac
synovial joint
what types of joint are the lumbosacral, sacroccoygeal, and pubic symphysis?
secondary cartilaginous
pubic symphysis is the only one without an IV disc
sacrospinous ligament
sacrum to ischial spine
sacrotuberous ligament
sacrum to ischial tuberosity
describe the pelvic inlet m vs. f
m: heart shaped
f: rounded/oval
describe the pelvic canal m vs. f
m: long and funnel-shaped
f: short with parallel walls
everted ischial tuberosities and spines
female
broader greater sciatic notch
female
pubic arch and subpubic angle less than 70 degrees
male
long and narrow sacrum
male
short and broad sacrum
female
lateral pelvic wall
obturator internus
arises within lesser pelvis
passes through lesser sciatic foramen
attaches to greater trochanter
obturator internus
forms the tendinous arch medially
obturator membrane (lines obturator internus m.)
posterior muscular pelvic wall
piriformis
bed for sacral nerve plexus
piriformis
passes through lesser sciatic foramen
passes through greater sciatic foramen
lesser- obturator internus
greater- piriformis
attaches to sacrum within lesser pelvis
passes through greater sciatic foramen
attaches to greater trochanter
piriformis
pelvic diaphragm =
levator ani + coccygeus
function of the pelvic diaphragm
functions to support viscera (particularly when increased intraabdominal pressure) and aids voluntary control of urination and fecal continence
3 muscles of levator ani
puborectalis
pubococcygeus
iliococcygeus
muscular sling arising from pubis; maintains fecal continence
puborectalis
arises from pubis and tendinous arch, attaches to coccygeus
pubococcygeus
arises from tendinuous arch and ischial spine and blends with pubococcygeus
iliococcygeus
coccygeus aka ischiococcygeus
ischial spin to cocygeus/sacrum
kidneys are considered _______ organs, although embryologically __________
abdominal
pelvic
classification of ureters
retroperitoneal
what prevents urinary reflux into ureters
ureters enter bladder obliquely, forming flap valves so muscular contractions of bladder act as sphincters preventing reflux
ureters pass _______– to uterine arteries orgins
medial
blood supply to ureters
male: inferior vesicular
female: uterine a.
what is the trigone
triangle between ureteric and urethral opening
uvula
projection of trigone visible in older men
what are the walls of the bladder
detrusor muscle
muscle of baldders neck continuous with urethra muscle
female
muscle of bladders neck continuous iwht prostates fibromuscular tissue
male
involuntar internal urethral sphincter found…
male only
prevents semen from entering bladder
4 parts of male urethra
preprostatic
postatic
intermediate/membranous
spongy
where is a stone most likely to be lodged
membranous urethra (thinnest point)
urethral crest
median ridge of prostatic urethra
seminal colliculus
rounded eminence of urethral crest
prostatic utricle
remnant of uterovaginal canal in seminal colliculus
location of ejaculatory ducts, prostatic ducts in prostatic urethra
ejaculatoory: inferior to prostatic utricle
prostatic: lateral to seminal colliculus
4 parts of uterine tube
infundibulum
ampulla
isthmus
uterine part
ovarian ligament
ovary to uterus
round ligament
uterus to labia majora
ovarian v round which is more anterior
round
mesentery of uterus
broad ligament
suspensory ligament
conveys ovarian vessels, lymphatics and nerves
suspends ovary
mesovarium
suspends uterine tube
mesosalpinx
mesometrium
suspends most of uterus
what is the typical position of the uterus?
anteverted and anteflexed
innervation to the vagina
lower 1/4: somatic (deep perineal branch of pudendal)
upper 3/4: autonomic
ducts formed by the joining of seminal vesicle and ductus deferens, converging upon the seminal colliculus of prostatic urethra
ejaculatory ducts
where are the bulbourethral glands located
posterolateral to membranous urethra
prostate, seminal vesicles, and vas deferens classification
primarily retroperitoneal
uterus, ovaries and uterine tube classification
intraperitoneal
retropubic space
behind the pubic bone,
accomodates bladder distension
retrorectal space
beind rectum, accomodates retal expansion
rectovesical pouch
MALES
between bladder and rectum
vesicouterine pouch
FEMALES
between bladder and uterus
rectouterine pouch (of Douglas)
between uterus and rectum
*can be accessed via posterior fornix in vagina
arteries of the anterior divison of internal iliac (7)
umbilical obturator inferior vesicular middle rectal intenal pudenal inferior gluteal uterine
superior vesicular is a branch off of
umbilical
what artery sits between S1 and S2
inferior gluteal
vaginal artery is a branch off of
uterine a.
arteries of posterior divison of ext. iliac (3)
iliolumbar
lateral sacral
superior gluteal
what artery is usually between L5 and S1
superior gluteal
nerves of the sacral plexus (4)
sciatic
pudendal
superior gluteal
inferior gluteal
sciatic n.
L4-S3
anterior and posterior division
what n. exits pelvis via greater sciatic foramen
sciatic n.
pudendal
superior gluteal
inferior gluteal
pudendal n.
S2-4
anterior division
what n. exits pelvis via greater sciatic foramen, then enters perineum via lesser sciatic foramen
pudendal n.
supplies skin and muscles of peineum
main sensory nerve for external genitalia
pudendal n.
superior gluteal n.
L4-S1
posterior division
supplies gluteus medius, minimus, and tensor fascia latae
superior gluteal n.
inferior gluteal n.
L5-S2
posterior division
supplies gluteus maximus
inferior gluteal
samll plexus from ventral rami of S4-5 and coccygeal n
coccygeal plexus
where do the sympathetics converge and unite
ganglion impar
