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Anatomy Exam 4 > VI: Abdominal Cavity IV- Posterior Abdominal Wall and Radiology > Flashcards

VI: Abdominal Cavity IV- Posterior Abdominal Wall and Radiology Flashcards

1
Q

What are the functions of the kidneys?

A
  • remove excess wter, salts and waste from blood –> urine
  • return nutrients to blood
  • regulate blood pressure and production of RBC
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2
Q

describe the path of blood in the kidney in –> out

A

renal artery –> segmental artery –> interlobar a. –> arcuate a. –> renal v.

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3
Q

how many lobes does a kidney have? minor calyces?

A

6-18 for both

each lobe has a minor calyx

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4
Q

kidneys are derived from what …

A

mesoderm

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5
Q

pararenal fat

A

fat before the kidney

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6
Q

perirenal fat

A

fat surrounding the kidney in the capsule

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7
Q

what is the sympathetic innervation to the kidney

A

T10-L1

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8
Q

what is the parasympathetic innervation to the kindey

A

Vagus and S2,3,4

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9
Q

what is the function of adrenal/suprarenal glands?

A
  • produce corticosteroids and androgens (cortex)

- produce norepi and epi (medulla)

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10
Q

what is responsible for fight or flight ?

A

norepi and epi from medulla of suprarenal glands

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11
Q

what 3 a. supply the adrenal glands?

A

superior suprarenal a.
middle suprarenal a.
inferior suprarenal a.

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12
Q

where is the sup. suprarenal a from?

A

inferior phrenic a.

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13
Q

where is the middle suprarenal a. from?

A

aorta

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14
Q

where is the inferior suprarenal a. from?

A

renal a.

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15
Q

what is the innervation to the medulla?

A

presynaptic sympatheics penetrate directly to medulla and synapse on chromaffin cells

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16
Q

what are chromaffin cells homologous to?

A

sympathetic ganglion cells

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17
Q

what innervates the cortex of adrenal gland?

A

autonomic fibers associated with blood cells controlling vasodilation and vasoconstriction

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18
Q

lateral arcuate ligament

A

between diaphragm and quadratus lumborum

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19
Q

medial arcuate ligament

A

between diaphragm and psoas major

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20
Q

median arcuate ligament

A

above aorta hiatus

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21
Q

what is the major muscle used in inspiration

A

diaphragm

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22
Q

what innervates the diapghram

A

C3, 4, 5 keeps the diaphragm alive

also intercostals at the periphery

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23
Q

what is the blood supply to the diaphragm?

A

superior surface: superior phrenic a

inferior surface: inf. phrenic a.

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24
Q

where is the superior phrenic a. from?

A

thoracic aorta

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25
Q

where is the inferior phrenic a. from?

A

abdominal aorta

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26
Q

what a hiccups?

A

diaphragm spazzing (related to suckling?)

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27
Q

what are the muscles around the esophageal hiatus

A

right and left crus

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28
Q

origin- psoas major and minor

A

transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae and side of vertebral bodies T12-S1

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29
Q

insertion- psoas major and minor

A

lesser trochanter of femur

30
Q

innervation- psoas major and minor

A

lumbar plexus via anterior branches of nerve L2-4

31
Q

action- psoas major and minor

A

flex thigh
flex vertebral column laterally to balance trunk
flex trunk

32
Q

origin- iliacus

A

superior two thirds of iliac fossa, ala of sacrum and anterior sacro-iliac ligaments

33
Q

insertion- iliacus

A

lesser trochanter of femur and shaft inferior to it

34
Q

innervation- iliacus

A

femoral nerve (L2-4)

35
Q

action- iliacus

A

flex thigh and stabilize hip joint

36
Q

iliopsoas

A

iliacus and psoas major work together

37
Q

origin- quadratus lumborum

A

medial half of inferior border of 12th rib and tips of lumbar transverse processes

38
Q

insertion- quadratus luborum

A

iliolumbar ligament and internal lip of iliac crest

39
Q

innervation- quadratus lumborum

A

anterior branches of T12 and L1-4 nerves

40
Q

action- quadratus lumborum

A

extends and laterally flexes vertebral column

fixes 12th rib during inspiration

41
Q

arises from ventral rami of T12

A

subcostal n.

42
Q

subcostal nerve innervates

A

external oblique muscle and skin of anterolateral abdominal wall

43
Q

arises from L1-5

A

lumbar spinal nerves

44
Q

lumbar spinal nerves innervate

A

posterior rami- deep back muscles and skin of back

anterior rami- skin and muscles of the most inferior trunk and lower limb

45
Q

lumbar plexus gives rise to what nerves (8)

A 
ilioinguinal
iliohypogastric
genitofemoral
lateral femoral cutaneous n.
femoral n.
obturator n.
accessory obturator n.
lumbosacral trunk
46
Q

what nerves contribute to the lumbar plexus?

A

L1-4

47
Q

iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal

A

L1

- abdominal muscles and skin of inguinal and pubic regions

48
Q

genitofemoral n.

A

L1-2
divides into genital and femoral branches
- skin below the inguinal ligament

49
Q

lateral femoral cutaneous n.

A

L2-3

anterolateral skin of thigh

50
Q

femoral n.

A

L2-4

- iliacus, hip flexors and knee extensors

51
Q

where is the genitofemoral n. always located?

A

on the psoas muscle

52
Q

where is the femoral n. located?

A

behind the psoas muscle

53
Q

obturator n.

A

L2-4

- medial thigh and adductors

54
Q

accessory obturator n.

A

L3-4

  • pectineus and hip joint
  • usually not present
55
Q

lumbosacral trunk

A

L4-5

- joins sacral plexus

56
Q

subcostal a. come? go?

A

come: thoracic aorta inferior to 12th rib
go: posterior body wall inferior to 12th rib

57
Q

inferior phrenic a. come? go?

A

come: abdominal aorta
go: inferior surface of diapragm and suprarenal glands

58
Q

suprarenal a. come? go?

A

come: abdominal a.
go: suprarenal glands

59
Q

renal a. come? go?

A

come: abdominal a.
go: kidneys

60
Q

gonadal a. come? go?

A

come: abdominal a.
go: testes or ovaries

61
Q

lumbar a. come? go?

A

come: abdominal a.
go: posterior abdominal wall

62
Q

median sacral a. come? go?

A

come: abdominal a.
go: *unpaired, goes to sacrum and coccyx

63
Q

at what level does the abdominala aorta split

A

at L4 into the r. and l. common iliac a.

64
Q

what do the common iliac a. divide into?

A

internal (to pelvis) iliac and external (follow psoas) iliac

65
Q

where would an aortic aneurysm most likely occur

A

just before split into common iliac a.

66
Q

what is the largest vein in body

A

IVC

67
Q

where does the r. gonadal v. drain? l. gonadal v?

A

r: IVC
l: left renal vein

68
Q

what connects the superior and inferior vena cava?

A

ascending lumbar and azygous v.

69
Q

what can the blood use to bypass the IVC and return to heart?

A
  • superior and inferior epigastric v.
  • thoracoepigastric v.
  • epidural venous plexus (lumbar v. and azygous)
70
Q

what is the covergence of main lymphatic ducts of abdomen

A

thoracic duct (duck between two gooses)

71
Q

what is the origin of the thoracic duct

A

L1 and L2 between the r. and l. crus

72
Q

where does the throacic duct end?

A

junction of l. subclavian and internal jugular v.

Anatomy Exam 4 (11 decks)

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