III: Abdominal Cavity I- embryology

Question 1

forms the integument and nervous system

Answer 1

ectoderm

Question 2

spinal cord and all nerves come from …

Answer 2

ectoderm

Question 3

proctodeum

Answer 3

primary lining of the anus in deuterostomes

Question 4

stomodeum

Answer 4

secondary lining of the mouth

Question 5

what does the mesoderm form?

Answer 5

muscles, muscular walls of the gut tube, and most connective tissue including bones

Question 6

lining of the gut and most gut derived organs come from…

Answer 6

endoderm

Question 7

when does the primitive gut tube begin to form?

Answer 7

4 week

Question 8

what is the future umbilical cord?

Answer 8

omphaloenteric duct or yolk stalk

Question 9

what does the yolk sac become?

Answer 9

1. nourishment immediately after pregnancy before the placenta attaches
2. endodermal gut tube and respiratory tract
3. its germ cells become the gonads
4. blood develops here until the liver is ready

Question 10

Foregut division

Answer 10

stomodeum (ectodermal) –> first 1/3rd of the duodenum

Question 11

what separates the stomodeum from the foregut

Answer 11

oropharyngeal membrane

Question 12

arterial supply to the foregut

Answer 12

celiac trunk

Question 13

what gut division gives rise to pharyngeal pouches?

Answer 13

foregut

Question 14

midgut division

Answer 14

last 2/3rd of duodenum –> proximal 2/3rd of colon

Question 15

arterial supply to the midgut

Answer 15

superior messenteric artery

Question 16

what does the midgut give rise to?

Answer 16

yolk stalk (attaches yolk sac to embryo)

Question 17

hindgut division

Answer 17

last 1/3rd of colon —> procotdeum (ectodermal)

Question 18

hindgut arterial supply

Answer 18

inferior mesenteric artery

Question 19

what does the hindgut give rise to?

Answer 19

allantosis

Question 20

recanalization

Answer 20

hollowing out of primitive gut tube

Question 21

atresia

Answer 21

blockage

Question 22

stenosis

Answer 22

narrowing

Question 23

define mesenteries

Answer 23

double layer of peritoneum formed by splanchnic mesoderm which connects organs to the body wall

Question 24

parietal peritoneum

Answer 24

lines the body wall

Question 25

visceral peritoneum

Answer 25

lines the guts/organs

Question 26

where do you see the ventral mesentery?

Answer 26

- coronary and falciform ligament | - lesser omentum (not attached to body wall)

Question 27

dorsal mesentery

Answer 27

provides mesentery for most abdominal organs you will see in lab

Question 28

define intraperitoneal

Answer 28

organ suspended in the mesentery

Question 29

define primarily retroperitoneal

Answer 29

organ always has been external to the peritoneum

Question 30

define secondarily retroperitoneal

Answer 30

organ developed in the mesentery but is now external

Question 31

SAD PUCKER

Answer 31

retroperitoneal ``` Suprarenal glands aorta, vena cava duodenum (2nd and 3rd parts) Pancreas Ureters Colon (asc. and desc.) Kidneys Esophagus Rectum ```

Question 32

stomach

Answer 32

intraperitoneal

Question 33

spleen

Answer 33

intraperitoneal

Question 34

transverse colon

Answer 34

intraperitoneal

Question 35

esophagus

Answer 35

primarily retroperitoneal

Question 36

rectum

Answer 36

primarily retroperitoneal

Question 37

anal canal

Answer 37

primarily retroperitoneal

Question 38

kidneys

Answer 38

primarily retroperitoneal

Question 39

distal 2/3rds duodenum

Answer 39

secondarily retroperitoneal

Question 40

ascending colon

Answer 40

secondarily retroperitoneal

Question 41

descending colon

Answer 41

secondarily retroperitoneal

Question 42

4 main components of the foregut

Answer 42

pharynx esophagus stomach proximal 1/3rd of duodeum

Question 43

5 outpocketings of foregut

Answer 43

1. pharyngeal pouches 2. lower respiratory system 3. liver 4. pancreas 5. gallbladder

Question 44

liver developmentally...

Answer 44

foregut

Question 45

pancreas developmentally...

Answer 45

foregut

Question 46

polyhydraminosis

Answer 46

fetus normally drinks amniotic fluid, may see an increase in fluide because the infant is not drinking due to atresia or fistula (connecting tube) between esophagus and trachea

Question 47

which border of the stomach grows faster?

Answer 47

dorsal border (stomach rotates 90 degrees clockwise while developing)

Question 48

which vagus nerve is on the ventral surface of the stomach and why?

Answer 48

left vagus | - they also turn with the stomach

Question 49

pancreas forms from how many buds

Answer 49

2 one ventral (short) and one dorsal (long) which fuse together

Question 50

spleen derivative

Answer 50

mesoderm in the dorsal mesentery NOT endodermal derivative!!

Question 51

5 components of midgut

Answer 51

small intestine (minus first 1/3 of duodenum) cecum appendix ascending colon proximal 2/3rd of transverse colon (to l. colic flexure)

Question 52

what direction do the intestines rotate in the midgut?

Answer 52

counter-clockwise around the superior mesenteric a.

Question 53

what causes secondary retroperitoneal configurations?

Answer 53

rotations of the midgut press organs against body wall where the peritoneum fuses to the dorsal body wall

Question 54

volvulus

Answer 54

intestine twists around itself

Question 55

internal hernia

Answer 55

mesentery tangled with intestines inside

Question 56

5 major components of the hindgut

Answer 56

``` distal 1/3rd of transverse colon descending colon sigmoid colon rectum superior portion of anal canal ```

Question 57

outgrowths of the hindgut

Answer 57

urinary bladder and most of urethra

Question 58

what divides the allantois and yolk stalk

Answer 58

urorectal septum | - separates cloaca into urogenital membrane and anal membrane

Question 59

what separates the caudal hindgut from the proctodeum?

Answer 59

anal membrane ---> defines the pectinate line

Question 60

Derivative above the pectinate line? below

Answer 60

above: endoderm below: ectoderm

Question 61

drainage and innervation above the pectinate line? below?

Answer 61

above: hindgut below: abdominal wall

Question 62

rectovaginal fistula or rectourethral fistula

Answer 62

shit coming out of the wrong holes