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Anatomy Exam 4 > III: Abdominal Cavity I- embryology > Flashcards

III: Abdominal Cavity I- embryology Flashcards

1
Q

forms the integument and nervous system

A

ectoderm

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2
Q

spinal cord and all nerves come from …

A

ectoderm

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3
Q

proctodeum

A

primary lining of the anus in deuterostomes

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4
Q

stomodeum

A

secondary lining of the mouth

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5
Q

what does the mesoderm form?

A

muscles, muscular walls of the gut tube, and most connective tissue including bones

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6
Q

lining of the gut and most gut derived organs come from…

A

endoderm

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7
Q

when does the primitive gut tube begin to form?

A

4 week

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8
Q

what is the future umbilical cord?

A

omphaloenteric duct or yolk stalk

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9
Q

what does the yolk sac become?

A
  1. nourishment immediately after pregnancy before the placenta attaches
  2. endodermal gut tube and respiratory tract
  3. its germ cells become the gonads
  4. blood develops here until the liver is ready
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10
Q

Foregut division

A

stomodeum (ectodermal) –> first 1/3rd of the duodenum

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11
Q

what separates the stomodeum from the foregut

A

oropharyngeal membrane

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12
Q

arterial supply to the foregut

A

celiac trunk

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13
Q

what gut division gives rise to pharyngeal pouches?

A

foregut

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14
Q

midgut division

A

last 2/3rd of duodenum –> proximal 2/3rd of colon

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15
Q

arterial supply to the midgut

A

superior messenteric artery

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16
Q

what does the midgut give rise to?

A

yolk stalk (attaches yolk sac to embryo)

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17
Q

hindgut division

A

last 1/3rd of colon —> procotdeum (ectodermal)

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18
Q

hindgut arterial supply

A

inferior mesenteric artery

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19
Q

what does the hindgut give rise to?

A

allantosis

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20
Q

recanalization

A

hollowing out of primitive gut tube

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21
Q

atresia

A

blockage

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22
Q

stenosis

A

narrowing

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23
Q

define mesenteries

A

double layer of peritoneum formed by splanchnic mesoderm which connects organs to the body wall

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24
Q

parietal peritoneum

A

lines the body wall

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25
Q

visceral peritoneum

A

lines the guts/organs

26
Q

where do you see the ventral mesentery?

A
  • coronary and falciform ligament

- lesser omentum (not attached to body wall)

27
Q

dorsal mesentery

A

provides mesentery for most abdominal organs you will see in lab

28
Q

define intraperitoneal

A

organ suspended in the mesentery

29
Q

define primarily retroperitoneal

A

organ always has been external to the peritoneum

30
Q

define secondarily retroperitoneal

A

organ developed in the mesentery but is now external

31
Q

SAD PUCKER

A

retroperitoneal

Suprarenal glands
aorta, vena cava
duodenum (2nd and 3rd parts)
Pancreas
Ureters
Colon (asc. and desc.)
Kidneys
Esophagus
Rectum
32
Q

stomach

A

intraperitoneal

33
Q

spleen

A

intraperitoneal

34
Q

transverse colon

A

intraperitoneal

35
Q

esophagus

A

primarily retroperitoneal

36
Q

rectum

A

primarily retroperitoneal

37
Q

anal canal

A

primarily retroperitoneal

38
Q

kidneys

A

primarily retroperitoneal

39
Q

distal 2/3rds duodenum

A

secondarily retroperitoneal

40
Q

ascending colon

A

secondarily retroperitoneal

41
Q

descending colon

A

secondarily retroperitoneal

42
Q

4 main components of the foregut

A

pharynx
esophagus
stomach
proximal 1/3rd of duodeum

43
Q

5 outpocketings of foregut

A
  1. pharyngeal pouches
  2. lower respiratory system
  3. liver
  4. pancreas
  5. gallbladder
44
Q

liver developmentally…

45
Q

pancreas developmentally…

46
Q

polyhydraminosis

A

fetus normally drinks amniotic fluid, may see an increase in fluide because the infant is not drinking due to atresia or fistula (connecting tube) between esophagus and trachea

47
Q

which border of the stomach grows faster?

A

dorsal border (stomach rotates 90 degrees clockwise while developing)

48
Q

which vagus nerve is on the ventral surface of the stomach and why?

A

left vagus

- they also turn with the stomach

49
Q

pancreas forms from how many buds

A

2 one ventral (short) and one dorsal (long) which fuse together

50
Q

spleen derivative

A

mesoderm in the dorsal mesentery

NOT endodermal derivative!!

51
Q

5 components of midgut

A

small intestine (minus first 1/3 of duodenum)
cecum
appendix
ascending colon
proximal 2/3rd of transverse colon (to l. colic flexure)

52
Q

what direction do the intestines rotate in the midgut?

A

counter-clockwise around the superior mesenteric a.

53
Q

what causes secondary retroperitoneal configurations?

A

rotations of the midgut press organs against body wall where the peritoneum fuses to the dorsal body wall

54
Q

volvulus

A

intestine twists around itself

55
Q

internal hernia

A

mesentery tangled with intestines inside

56
Q

5 major components of the hindgut

A 
distal 1/3rd of transverse colon
descending colon
sigmoid colon
rectum
superior portion of anal canal
57
Q

outgrowths of the hindgut

A

urinary bladder and most of urethra

58
Q

what divides the allantois and yolk stalk

A

urorectal septum

- separates cloaca into urogenital membrane and anal membrane

59
Q

what separates the caudal hindgut from the proctodeum?

A

anal membrane —> defines the pectinate line

60
Q

Derivative above the pectinate line? below

A

above: endoderm
below: ectoderm

61
Q

drainage and innervation above the pectinate line? below?

A

above: hindgut
below: abdominal wall

62
Q

rectovaginal fistula or rectourethral fistula

A

shit coming out of the wrong holes

Anatomy Exam 4 (11 decks)

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