V: Abdominal Cavity III- Abdominal Organs and Functional Anatomy

Question 1

greater peritoneal sac

Answer 1

potential space surrounding the stomach and spleen

Question 2

lesser peritoneal sac

Answer 2

space behind stomach

Question 3

opening between the greater and lesser peritoneal sac

Answer 3

epiploic foramen

Question 4

three parts of the greater omentum

Answer 4

gastrocolic: stomach to transverse colon
gastrosplenic/lienal: spleen to greater curvature of the stomach
gastrophrenic: stomach to diaphragm

Question 5

two parts of lesser omentum

Answer 5

hepatoduodenal ligament: liver to duodenum

hepatogastric ligament: liver to stomach

Question 6

dorsal mesointestine/ the mesentery

Answer 6

frilly skirt

-support ileum and jejunum

Question 7

dorsal mesocolon

Answer 7

supports the cecum

Question 8

mesoappendix

Answer 8

supports the appendix

Question 9

what divides the abdomina lcavity into supracolic and infracolic compartments?

Answer 9

transverse mesacolon

Question 10

what is in the supracolic compartment?

Answer 10

stomach, liver and spleen

Question 11

what is in the infracolic compartment

Answer 11

small intestine and ascending and descending colon

Question 12

sigmoid mesocolon

Answer 12

supports the sigmoid coloon

Question 13

lienorenal ligament

Answer 13

left kidney to the spleen

Question 14

gastrolienal ligament

Answer 14

stomach to spleen

Question 15

coronary ligament

Answer 15

peritoneal reflection around bare area of liver

Question 16

hepatorenal ligament

Answer 16

coronary ligament running between peritoneum above right kidney and liver

Question 17

falciform ligament

Answer 17

remnant of ventral mesentery connecting liver to anterior body wall

Question 18

ligamentum teres/round ligament

Answer 18

part of falciform ligament

Question 19

what is the ligamentum teres a remnant of?

Answer 19

fetal umbilical vein

Question 20

what chemicals aid the mechanical breakdown of food in the stomach?

Answer 20

pepsin

stomach acid

Question 21

what structure accomadates stomach stretching?

Answer 21

rugae

Question 22

sliding v. paraesophageal hernias

Answer 22

para: always above the diaphragm
sliding: part of stomach sometimes comes above the diaphragm

Question 23

main functions of small intestine

Answer 23

• absorption of nutrients, electrolytes and water

- chemical digestion of chyme

Question 24

what 4 things happen in the duodenum?

Answer 24

• acid is neutralized
• fats are broken down
• insulin and other pancreatic juices are secreated
• intrinsic intestinal glands secret juices to further break down food

Question 25

where is iron absorped?

Answer 25

dudodenum

Question 26

where is most absorption occuring?

Answer 26

jejunum

Question 27

where is vit. B12 absorbed?

Answer 27

ileum

Question 28

where are plicae circulares present?

Answer 28

small intestine

Question 29

which intestine is deep red? pink?

Answer 29

jejunum- deep red

ileum- pink

Question 30

caliber 2-4 cm v. caliber 2-3 cm

Answer 30

jejunum v. ileum

Question 31

thick and heavy wall v. thin and light

Answer 31

jejunum v. ileum

Question 32

which intestine section is less vascularized?

Answer 32

ileum

Question 33

which intestine section has long vasa recta?

Answer 33

jejunum

Question 34

which intestine has many short loops of arcades v. few longer loops?

Answer 34

short- ileum

long- jejunum

Question 35

which intestine section is more covered in fat?

Answer 35

ileum

Question 36

which section of the intestine has more plicae circulares?

Answer 36

jejunum

Question 37

what are the functions of the large intestine?

Answer 37

• absorb water and remaining salts

- commensal bacteria synthesize some vitamins

Question 38

where do you find plicae semilunares?

Answer 38

colon

Question 39

what is the function of the appendix?

Answer 39

storage of commensal organisms and immune function

Question 40

what is the largest organ in the body? second largest?

Answer 40

1- skin

2- liver

Question 41

what are the functions of the liver?

Answer 41

• protein synthesis
• bile secretion
• metabolism
• detoxification

Question 42

how many lobes to a liver?

Answer 42

4
right
left
caudate (superior)
quadrate (inferior)

Question 43

porta hepatis

Answer 43

transverse fissure where major vessels pass through on liver

Question 44

glisson’s capsule

Answer 44

thin capsule of dense connective tissue, thickest at the hilum of liver

Question 45

what carries oxygen poor nutrient rich blood from the gut to the liver

Answer 45

portal vein

Question 46

how does the liver carry blood back to the heart?

Answer 46

hepatic vein –> IVC

Question 47

what sends oxygenated blood to liver cells?

Answer 47

hepatic artery

Question 48

what innervates the gall bladder?

Answer 48

celiac plexus and afferents from phrenic n.

Question 49

what are the functions of the gall bladder?

Answer 49

store and concentrate bile

Question 50

what is the blood supply to the gall bladder?

Answer 50

r. hepatic a from teh cystic a.

Question 51

how do secretions from lliver and gall bladder reach duodenum>

Answer 51

r. and l. hepatic ducts –> common hepatic duct

common hepatic duct + cystic duct from gall bladder = common bile duct –> duodenum

Question 52

what innervates the pancreas

Answer 52

celiac plexus and superior mesenteric plexus

Question 53

what functions does the pancreas have

Answer 53

pancreatic enzyme juice to break down food and endocrine insulin-producing functions

Question 54

what innervates the spleen

Answer 54

celiac plexus

Question 55

what are the functions of the spleen

Answer 55

• secondary lymphoid organ (WBC maturation and proliferation) (antibody secretion) (undifferentiated monocyte reservoir)
• destruction and recycling of RBC

Question 56

what is the blood supply to and from the spleen

Answer 56

splenic a and v.