Veterinary Terminology: Respiratory System Flashcards

0
Q

cilia

A

fine hairs in nostrils/nares

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1
Q

nostrils or nares

A

two openings in the nose where air enters the body

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2
Q

paranasal sinuses

A

are hollow, air containing spaces within the skull that communicate with the nasal cavity

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3
Q

mucus

A

a lubricating fluid

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4
Q

pharynx

A

where food/drink and air enter into the body

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5
Q

epiglottis

A

a flap of cartilage attached to the root of the tongue, preventing choking or aspiration of food

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6
Q

larynx

A

where air passes after passing through the epiglottis

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7
Q

trachea

A

is kept open by cartilaginous rings
are complete in some species and incomplete C-shaped in others
splits into two branches

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8
Q

bronchi

A

two branches divided from the trachea

leads to a separate lung and divides and subdivides into smaller and finer tubes (like branches on a tree)

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9
Q

bronchioles

A

the smaller bronchial branches

narrows into alveolar ducts

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10
Q

alveoli

A

the end of alveolar duct as a collection of air sacs
lined with a one-cell layer of epithelium
exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide gases with blood flowing through lung capillaries

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11
Q

erythrocytes

A

are in the blood and carry oxygen from the lungs to all parts of the body and carry carbon dioxide back from parts of the body to lungs for exhalation/removal

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12
Q

diaphragm

A

separates the lungs from the abdominal cavity and aid in the process of breathing
contracts and descends with each inhalation (inspiration) and exhalation (expiration)

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13
Q

avian species

A

there is a large disparity in tracheal length
no diaphragm have air sacs instead
lungs are attached to the ribs
the tissue is non-expandable

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14
Q

crocodiles respiratory differences

A

well-developed lungs
no true diaphragm
primary muscle groups are the intercostal muscles and two transverse membranes, the post-pulmonary and the post-hepatic which act as diaphragm

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15
Q

most lizards and primitive snakes respiratory differences

A
have two paired lungs
highly evolved (left lung is reduced in size or absent)
basic pattern of respiration is an exhilation followed by inspiration followed by a non-ventilatory period varying in length
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16
Q

turtle lungs

A

are usually paired and rigid, located directly under the shell
bottom of lungs is attached to the abdominal organs
ventilation is achieved by the up and down movement of the viscera, resulting in intrapulmonary pressure changes

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17
Q

alveolus (alveoli)

A

air sac in the lung

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18
Q

bronchioles

A

smallest branches of the bronchi

terminal lead too alveolar ducts

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19
Q

bronchus

A

branch of the trachea that is a passageway into the lung

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20
Q

cilia

A

thin hairs attached to the mucous membrane epithelium lining the respiratory tract.
they clear bacteria and foreign substances from the lung

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21
Q

diaphragm

A

muscle separating the chest and abdomen

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22
Q

epiglottis

A

lid-like pieces of cartilage that covers the larynx, preventing food from entering the larynx and trachea during swallowing

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23
Q

expiration

A

breathing out

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24
glottis
slit-like opening in the larynx
25
inspiration
breathing in
26
lobe
division of a lung
27
mediastinum
region between the lungs in the chest cavity | it contains trachea, heart, aorta, esophagus, and bronchial tubes
28
nares
openings through the nose carrying air into the nasal cavities
29
paranasal sinus
one of the air cavities in the bones near the nose
30
auscultation
listening to sounds within the body
31
rale (crackle)
fine crackling sound heard on auscultation (during inspiration) when there is fluid in the alveoli
32
rhonchus (rhonchi)
loud rumbling sound heard on auscultation of bronchi obstructed by mucus
33
stridor
strained, high pitched relatively loud sound made on inspiration associated with obstruction of the larynx or trachea
34
wheeze
continuos high pitched whistling sound heard when air is forced through a narrow space during inspiration or expiration
35
epistaxis
nosebleed | commonly results from irritation of nasal mucous membranes, trauma, clotting abnormalities or hypertension
36
bronchiectasis
chronic dilation of a bronchus secondary to infection in the lower lobes of the lung
37
chronic bronchitis
inflammation of the bronchi persisting over time
38
atelectasis
incomplete expansion of the alveoli | collapsed, functionless, airless lung or portion of the lung
39
emphysema
hyperinflation of air sacs with destruction of alveolar walls
40
pneumonia
acute inflammation and infection of alveoli, which fill with pus or products of inflammatory reaction
41
pulmonary edema
swelling and fluid in the air sacs and bronchioles
42
pulmonary embolism
clot (thrombus) or other material lodges in the vessels of the lung
43
pleural effusion
abnormal accumulation of fluid in the pleural space (cavity)
44
pneumothorax
collection of air in the pleural space (cavity)
45
thoracocentesis
surgical puncture to remove fluid from the pleural space
46
thoracotomy
major surgical incision of the chest
47
thoracoscopy
visual examination of the chest via small incisions and use of an endoscope
48
tracheostomy
surgical creation of an opening into the trachea through the neck
49
tracheotomy
incision into the trachea, usually temporary
50
alveol/o
alveolus, air sac
51
bronch/o | bronchi/o
bronchial tube | bronchus
52
capn/o
carbon dioxide
53
cyan/o
blue
54
epiglott/o
epiglottis
55
laryng/o
larynx
56
lob/o
lobe of the lung
57
nas/o
nose
58
ox/o
oxygen
59
pharyng/o
pharynx | throat
60
phren/o
diaphragm
61
pleur/o
pleura
62
pneum/o | pneumon/o
air | lung
63
pulmon/o
lung
64
rhin/o
nose
65
sinus/o
sinus | cavity
66
spir/o
breathing
67
tel/o
complete
68
thorac/o
chest
69
trache/o
trachea
70
-ema
condition
71
-pnea
breathing
72
-ptysis
spitting
73
-sphyxia
pulse
74
-thorax
pleural cavity | chest