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Vet Prep > Veterinary Terminology: Cardiovascular System > Flashcards

Veterinary Terminology: Cardiovascular System Flashcards

0
Q

arteries

A

large vessels that carry blood away from the heart
their walls are lined with connective tissue, muscle tissue, and elastic fibers with an innermost layer of epithelial called endothelium
elastic walls allow them to expand for the high amount of blood pressure from the heart

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1
Q

three types of blood vessels in the body

A

arteries
veins
capillaries

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2
Q

endothelial cells

A

found in all blood vessels

secrete factors that affect the size of blood vessels, reduce blood clotting, and promote the growth of blood vessels

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3
Q

arterioles

A

smaller branches of arteries
are thinner than arteries
carry to capillaries

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4
Q

capillaries

A

the tiniest of blood vessels
have walls that are only one endothelial cell in thickness
carry nutrient rich, oxygenated blood to body cells
also carries waste products away from body cells

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5
Q

venules

A

small veins that carry waste filled blood

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6
Q

veins

A

large blood vessel that conducts blood that has given up most of its oxygen toward the heart from the tissues
has thin walls and little elastic tissue, and little connective tissue
contain valves that prevent backflow of blood and keep it moving one direction
muscular action helps the movement of blood

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7
Q

forms the circulatory system

A

Arteries, arterioles, veins, venules, capillaries, heart

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8
Q

blood that is deficient of oxygen flows

A

capillaries to venules to veins (two large veins), the venaue cavae, to heart
enters the right side of the heart and travels through that side into the pulmonary artery

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9
Q

pulmonary artery

A

a vessel that divides into two
one branch to left lung other to right lung
is unusual because it is the only artery that carries deoxygenated blood

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10
Q

the pulmonary veins

A

are unusual because they are the only veins in the body that carry oxygen-rich blood
blood returns from the lungs to the heart

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11
Q

pulmonary circulation

A

deoxygenated blood from veins to heart, to pulmonary artery, to lungs, to pulmonary veins, to heart again

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12
Q

oxygen-rich blood enters

A

the left side of the heart from pulmonary veins

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13
Q

aorta

A 
largest single artery in the body
moves up (ascending) then downward (descending)
divides into numerous branches of arteries that carry the oxygen-rich blood
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14
Q

names of some arterial branches

A 
brachial
axillary
splenic
gastric
renal
carotid
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15
Q

systemic circulation

A

the pathway of blood from the heart to the tissue capillaries and back to the heart

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16
Q

mammalian heart

A

is a pump consisting of four chambers

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17
Q

atria (atrium)

A

two upper chambers of heart

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18
Q

ventricles

A

two lower chambers of the heart

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19
Q

how the blood flows through the chambers of the heart

A

right side of the heart sends oxygen-deficient blood to the lungs
newly oxygenated blood returns to left side of the heart
oxygenated blood is then pumped through to the body
the body sends oxygen deficient blood then back to the right side of heart
repeat

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20
Q

cranial (superior) vena cava

A

drains blood from the upper portion of the body

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21
Q

caudal (inferior) vena cava

A

carries blood from the lower part of the body

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22
Q

tricuspid valve and mitral valve

A

cusps form a one-way passage designed to keep the blood flowing in only one direction
tricuspid valve- stops flow from right ventricle back into right atrium
mitral valve- stops flow from left ventricle back into left atrium

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23
Q

left ventricle

A

has the thickest walls of all four heart chambers because of having to be able to pump blood throughout the body

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24
septa (septum)
partitions that separate the four chambers of the heart
25
the heart has three layers
endocardium myocardium pericardium
26
endocardium
a smooth layer of endothelial cells, lines the interior of the heart and heart valves
27
myocardium
the middle, muscular layer of the heart wall | is the thickest layer
28
pericardium
a fibrous and membraneous sac, surrounds the heart
29
visceral pericardium
adhering to the heart
30
parietal pericardium
lining the outer fibrous coat
31
pericardial cavity
between the visceral and parietal pericardia | contains pericardial fluid, which lubricates the membranes as the heart beats
32
avian heart
4 chamber heart like mammals
33
amphibians and most reptiles
have 3 chamber hearts (except crocodiles) | 2 atria and 1 ventricle, ventricle mixes of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood
34
fish hearts
2 chambered hearts | 1 atrium 1 ventricle
35
two phases of a heart beat
diastole | systole
36
diastole
relaxation of the heart occurs when the ventricle walls relax and blood flows into the heart from the venae cavae and pulmonary veins, the tricuspid and mitral valves open and blood passes from the atria to ventricles, pulmonary and aortic valves are closed
37
systole
contraction of the heart walls of right and left ventricles contract to pump blood into the pulmonary artery and the aorta both tricuspid and mitral valves are closed
38
lub dub
the closure of tricuspid and mitral valves | the closure of the aortic and pulmonary valves
39
murmur
an abnormal heart soundd
40
sinoatrial node (SA node)
pacemaker of the heart | current of electricity that causes the walls of the atria to contract and force blood into the ventricles
41
atrioventricular node (AV node)
sends the excitation wave to atrioventricle bundle, bundle divides into left and right branches which form the conduction myofibers that extend through the ventricle walls and stimulates them to contract
42
bundle of His (atrioventricular bundle)
a bundle of specialized muscle fibers
43
electrocardiogram (ECG EKG)
the record used to detect the electrical changes in heart muscle as the heart beats
44
normal sinus rhythm
heart rhythm | originating in the SA node and traveling through the heart
45
sympathetic nerves
speed up the heart rate during conditions of emotional stress or vigorous exercise
46
parasympathetic nerves
slow the heart rate when there is no need for extra pumping
47
fibrillation
rapid random inefficient ND IRREGULAR CONTRACTIONS OF THE ATRIA AND VENTRICLES
48
patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)
a duct between the aorta and the pulmonary artery, which normally closes soon after birth, remains open
49
septal defects
smll holes in the septa between the atria or the ventricles
50
congestive heart failure
thee heart is unable to pump its required amount of blood blood accumulates in the lungs causing pulmonary edema tight sided heart failure results in accumulation of fluid in the abdominal organs, abdomen, and subcutaneous tissues of the legs
51
endocarditis
inflammation of the inner lining of the heart, usually caused by bacteria
52
mitral regurgitation
back flow of blood from the left ventricle to the left atrium due to congenital malformation of the mitral valve or degeneration of the mitral valve over time
53
murmur
an extra heart sound, heard between normal beats. | usually caused by a valvular defect
54
thrill
a vibration felt on palpation of the chest, often accompanies a murmur
55
stenosis
a narrowing at the aortic and pulmonary valves | usually are congenital malformations
56
arteriogenesis
the formation of arteries (vascularization)
57
augiography
the radiographic visualization of blood vessels following the introduction of contrast media
58
angiogenesis
the formation of blood vessels in the embryo
59
vascular
having a copious blood supply
60
neovascularization
appearance of blood vessels into an area of previous ischemia
61
vasoactive
exerting an effect on the diameter of a blood vessel
62
vasoconstruction
decrease in the diameter of blood vessels
63
vasodilation
increase in the diameter of blood vessels, especially arterioles, leading to an increase of blood supply to an area
64
vasospasm
constriction of blood vessels
65
arteriopathy
any disease of an artery
66
arteritis
inflammation of an artery
67
equine viral arteritis
a frequently fatal disease of horses, caused by the equine arteritis virus, affects primarily smaller arteries, with resultant hemorrhage enteritis, abdominal pain, and diarrhea and pulmonary edema.
68
vasculitis
inflammation of a blood or lymph vessel
69
arteriosclerosis
hardening of a blood or lymph vessel
70
artherosclerosis
a condition in which yellow plaques, containing cholesterol and lipid materials, are insinuated into the walls of the arteries
71
arterionecrosis
death of the cells comprising an artery
72
arterioplasty
surgical repair or re-construction of an artery
73
cardiology
the science or study of the heart
74
cardiologist
a scientist who studies the heart and its functions
75
normal sinus rhythm
a regular rhythm of heart beats at rest, determined by auscultation or palpating a peripheral pulse
76
normal sinus arrhythmia
an irregular but normal heart beat in an athletic animal that speeds up and slows down, often with inspiration and expiration, respectively
77
pericardium
the connective tissue sac that houses the heart
78
atria
the two low pressure chambers of the heart that receive venous blood and pump it into the ventricles
79
ventricles
the two high pressure chambers of the heart that are responsible for pumping blood to the lungs (right) and to the general circulation (left)
80
cardiovascular
pertaining to the heart and blood vessels
81
electrocardiography
a recording of the electrical activity of the heart
82
cardiomyopathy
non inflammatory disease of heart muscle. there are several types etiologies can be species specific
83
congestive heart failure
a condition in which the heart is failing as a pump
84
myocardial infarction
absent blood supply to cardiac muscle leading to cell death
85
myocarditis
inflammation of cardia muscle
86
endocarditis
inflammation of the inner lining of the heart, including heart valves
87
cardiomegaly
abnormal enlargement of the heart, whether from hypertrophy or dilation
88
cardiopulmonary
pertaining to heart and lungs
89
angi/o
vessel
90
aort/o
aorta
91
arter/o arteri/o
artery
92
ather/o
yellowish plaque, fatty substance
93
atri/o
atrium | upper heart chamber
94
brachi/o
arm
95
cardi/o
heart
96
coron/o
heart
97
cyan/o
blue
98
ox/o
oxygen
99
pericardi/o
pericardium
100
phleb/o
vein
101
sphygm/o
pulse
102
steth/o
chest
103
thromb/o
clot
104
valvul/o | valv/o
valve
105
vas/o
vessel
106
vascul/o
vessel
107
ven/o | ven/i
vein
108
venticul/o
ventricle | lower heart chamber

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