Vet prep and Zuku Flashcards
an older cat presents for dropping food, and drooling from only one side of his mouth. He has no hx of trauma but recently has had a thick ocular discharge from her eye and you perform a neuro exam and find when you introduce a Q-tip through one nostril the contralateral eye closes. What do you tell the owners?
the other side may start to show the same signs within the next few weeks to months. This is classic finding of unilateral facial nerve paralysis and is it most commonly idiopathic and prognosis for recovery is guarded
in dogs, facial paralysis has been seen with _____
hypothyroidism
what is the tx for pseudorabies in piglets?
there is no tx, depopulation
an adult ferret presents for acute onset of ataxia, salivation, and lethargy. What do you do first?
Blood glucose (likely hypoglycemic)
Taurine deficiency in dogs =
DCM and vision impairment
Tx for VPCs
lidocaine CRI or Mexiletine which is an oral class I anti-arrhythmic
which disease in chickens has the best prognosis for recovery?
Infectious coryza (bc it is caused by a bacteria so tx with abx is successful)
how to test swine for porcine respiratory reproductive syndrome (PRRS)
test aborted sows via serum PCR
Why would a boa constrictor be presenting to you for weight loss, vomiting, hemorrhagic diarrhea, and anorexia? The snake is also housed with turtles…
Entamoeba species (protozoal organism that causes severe GI signs and death in snakes and turtles are the carriers)
What are the most commonly reported organism to be recovered in animals with endocarditis? (there are 6 of them)
Bartonella, staph aureus, strep, corynebacterium, pseudomonas, erysipelothrix
How do you treat the ich in fish (causes small white dots and is diagnosed with skin scrape or gill biopsy showing large, rolling cilates with a horseshoe-shaped macronucleus.
Increase treatment frequency at high temperature
Use of oral ampicillin in a rabbit is most likely to precipitate which of the following?
Clostridial enterotoxemia
what is the potential udder fate of goats infected with caprine arthritis encephalomyelitis virus?
hardbag (CAEV is a retroviruses and when it affects the udder it will cause fibrosis and result in a firm udder with udder with agalactiae
tx is CULLLLLL
ingestion of bracken fern (Pteridium aquilinum) causes which of these signs in sheep?
hematuria (it causes hemorrhagic cystitis that progresses to neoplastic changes of the cells within the bladder)
Q fever can be acquired by humans from sheep, In humans, it can cause fever, headache, fatigue, premature delivery or abortion. what organism causes Q fever?
coxiella burnetii
What does Q fever cause in humans?
fever, headache, fatigue, premature delivery or abortion
A large 5 year old iguana presents on ER for an acute onset of not doing well, on PE there is episcleral injection, swelling of the pharyngeal region, and pain on palpation of the abdomen. What is most likely the diagnostics?
renal failure
Hyperkalemic periodic paralysis (HYPP) in horses is caused by what autosomal dominant trait?
Defect in voltage dependent sodium channels
What is not a CS of hypovitaminosis A in box turtles?
Posterior paresis
hypovitaminosis A CS
edema of the eyelids, chronic respiratory disease, renal disease, secondary infections to the eyes, skin, and respiratory system
what Tx is C/I in p with choke
mineral oil (in the lungs by accident= death)
CS of chickens being diarrhea, incoordination, prostration and vent picking with swollen cloacal bursa that is edematous and yellow with hemorrhage, what is most likely the disease?
Infectious bursal disease
hydrops allantois is a disorder of the _____ and prognosis for life of the fetus and fertility of the cow is ______
placenta; poor
A cow that has a rounded appearance, is in the last trimester, decreased rumen motility, dehydrated, sick, and weak likely has what? What is her prognosis?
Likely has hydrops aka hydroallantois and the prognosis for the fetus is guarded and cow will likely be infertile even with tx
what is hydramnois? what is hydroallantois?
Hydramnios is the disorder of the fetus but the placenta is normal and hydroallantois is the opposite
hydramnios CS
Papple shaped cow, fetus and placentomas are palpated (unlike in hydroallantois), usually clinically well and cow has fair to good prognosis for fertility and fetus is usually born but underweight/deformed
placentomes are able to be palpated with _______ but not _______
hydramnios but not hydroallanois
which infectious agent causes the CS in pigs most similar to that of Haemophilus parasuis (glasser’s disease)?
Streptococcus suis (both cause polyarthritis and polyserositis, fever, and pneumonia in young piglets as well as fibrinopurulent inflammation and meningitis/convulsions)
elephants can often be seen in zoos engaging in repetitive non-productive behavior like swaying back and fourth, these behaviors as known as….
stereotypes (which are abnormally frequent, repetitive, non-productive behaviors and can be indicative of poor welfare conditions)
which disease of chickens causes progressive paresis and can lead to paralysis of one or more extremtities???
Marek’s Disease (can affect the sciatic nerve and can cause vasogenic brain edema which contributes to CS described)
what tumor in birds can cause unilateral paresis of a limb?
renal tumor
what CS do you see right away in a p with overdose of lidocaine CRI?
Muscle tremors and seizures
you diagnose a mice colony with lymphocytic choriomeningitis, what do you do next?
Depopulation
Heparin is commonly used as an anti-coagulant in vet med, its MOA is related to….
binds to anti-thrombin which causes acceleration of interaction between anti-thrombin and activated factor X is related to common pathway of the coagulation cascade, whereas thrombin is necessary to convert fibrinogen to fibrin
heparin inactivates ______ and ______ thus halting the coag. cascade
Factor X and thrombin
tricuspid dysplasia results in what?
enlarged right heart, and murmur would be heard more intensely on R side of the dog
aortic stenosis causes ___ ______ of the ____ heart
concentric hypertrophy of the left heart
.
.
animal welfare science often employs which type of test below to determine what animals select under different conditions?
Preference testing
which of the following conditions are almost always diagnosed in chickens and turkeys that are over 10 weeks of age?
Pasteurella and Erysipelothrix infections
tx salt poisoning in pigs with what fluid?
Normosol R IV slowly to decrease the blood sodium concentration
what is the E. coli associated with edema disease in swine?
F18
which of the following organisms has been associated with spirochaetal colitis in swine?
Brachyspira pilosicoli
what is the causative organism for swine dysentery?
Brachyspira hyodysenteriae
what is the best tx for porcine mange?
Avermectins
a client brings in a pig with pruritus and skin lesions, and the o has similar lesions. What is the diagnosis and tx?
Porcine mange and tx is Avermectins
mammary carcinomas in cats has poor prognosis because many of them metastasize T/F
True!!!
mammary tumors in dogs vs cats
dogs- 50% malignant and only 50% of the malignant ones will even mets
cats- very malignant and mets, poor prognosis
Enzootic pneumonia and gangrenous mastitis in sheep (blue bag) can both be caused by….
Mannheimia hemolytica
presence of dysphonia (abnormal voice) may indicate a lesion where???
CN X (vagus nerve)
there is atrophy of the masticatory muscles and inability to close the mouth, what nerve is affected?
CN V (trigeminal nerve)
what condition is most likely to cause an elevated level of serum bilirubin in a 7 y/o horse?
hemolytic anemia
what drug is used to tx subaortic stenosis
atenolol
CS of subaortic stenosis
systolic murmur at the left heart base, thoracic rads showing mild left-sided cardiomegaly with left atrial enlargement and segmental enlargement of ascending aorta (prognosis guarded)
what does it mean if a horse presents for colic and on abdominal U/S, you see a structure on the L side and absent left kidney on U/S, what is the diagnosis?
Nephrosplenic entrapement; kidneys is obscured bc left dorsal displacement of the large colon over the nephrosplenic ligament
what abx is C/I in foals and why? what abx in foals causes C. diff in the dam?
Enrofloxacin because it is a fluoroquinolone and causes arthrotoxicity and erosion of the cartilage; Rifampin causes C. diff in adults
what eggs are rectangular or triangular in fecal float of cattle?
tapeworm (Moniezia eggs) which are found in young cattle and life cycle involves mites that live in the soil
what is bone spavin in horses?
Tarsocrural OCD
what is an example of ancillary benefits?
professional membership dues paid
what is the cause of a horse coming in with muscle atrophy, and both lateral thighs have atrophy as well as gluteal muscles, spasmotic hyperflexion when backing the horse up is also noted and there is a high-stepping gait. What is the likely diagnosis?
Stringhalt is the diagnosis
can be from chronic sweet pea and/or flatweed (mycotoxins) ingestion
red maple intoxication causes ? in horses
hemolytic anemia
what intoxication is associated with liver disease after chronic exposure?
Senecio or groundsel
castor bean intoxication is associated with ?
severe GI issues and hemorrhagic diarrhea
what do you do in a ferret that was attacked by a wild animal and is not vaccinated?
euth and submit for testing OR vax immediately and quarantine for 6 months
what is the usual route of transmission for mycoplasma pneumonia in sheep?
Aerosol (from older to younger animals usually)
testing for classical swine fever can be complicated by the presence of what viruses in swine?
BVDV (does not usually cause disease in pigs but are both Flavirvidae family viruses)
A 2 y/o dog presents for exercise intolerance and syncopal episodes, cardiac auscultation reveals a grade 4/6 left systolic murmur and chest rads show mildly enlarged left ventricle and left atrium, and segmental enlargement of the ascending aorta
aortic stenosis
which larvae is known to migrate through the portal vein and into the liver in horses????
strongylus edentatus and strongylus equinus
____ slows the heart by inhibiting the influx of calcium into the myocardial cells
Diltiazem (it is a calcium channel blocker used to tx supraventricular tachycardia, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, and hypertension)
what document reports on the financial performance over a period of time?
Profit and loss statement
what is another name of equity or the difference between assets and liabilities?
net book value
what is a cash flow statement
reports sources of cash and uses of cash, purchases for inventory, paying of debt
what is a balance sheet
a report on the financial condition of the company at a specific point in time
several anechoic regions in a horse tendon on U/S means what?
Acute tendonitis (the anechoic regions are hemorrhage and loss of tendon fibers)
what is “scratches” in horses?
chronic seborrheic dermatitis in horses on the plantar/palmar aspect of the pastern aka “greasy heel” or “dermatitis verrucosa” or “dew poisoning” or “mud fever”
what viruses are more resistant to cleaning?
non-enveloped viruses
several turkeys moves to new housing which previously housed chickens and now the turkeys are dead. One is brought to you for necropsy and you find marked inflammatory changes, cecal wall thickening and ulcerations. There is also rounded necrotic lesions present on the liver. What is most likely your diagnosis?
Histomonas melegridis
what causes theiler’s disease?
Tetanus antitoxin can as well as blood reactions
what infection is not a differential for lameness in young pigs?
Brachyspira hyodysenteriae
what best describes the effects of an auriculopalpebral nerve block in horses?
Disrupts motor innervation to the orbicularis oculi (motor block only)
two mares present for crusting dermal lesions on their dorsums and pasterns, the lesions are “paintbrush” like and have purulent material exudating from them. A direct smear of the lesion shows branching, filamentous, gram positive bacteria. What is likely your diagnosis?
Dermatophilosis
left ventricular hypertrophy is normally associated with what comorbidities?
hypertension, hyperthyroidism, or hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
what is the rabbit fur mite?
cheyletiella (can also infected dogs, cats, and humas!!!)
what is the rabbit ear mite?
Psoroptes cuniculi
what is the test used to diagnose a Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis infection with internal abscesses in horses?
Synergistic hemolysis inhibition tests
A beef cow presents with blepharospasm and chemosis. You perform a fluorescein stain and see a centrally located ulceration of the cornea, what is NOT a tx option?
Choramphenicol (bc food animal)
a bird with a hx of being fluffed at the bottom of the cage with hyporexia, tissues protruding from the vent, and housed with a male is likely from what deficiency?
Calcium
an 8 week old kitten has presented for its paw being crushed and the cat is otherwise healthy. Rads show fx of metacarpal II and IV and both fractures have about 50% overlap with their respective fragments. What is the best tx option for this kitten?
Spoon splint bandage with bandage changes every 5 days for a total of 2 weeks
What is it called when rams get that edema of the head and neck with serohemorrhagic exudate and local tissue necrosis?
Clostridium novyi type A aka big head
how to decrease the load of bot flies in horses (Gasterophilus species)?
Administer ivermectin twice annually, once in early summer and again in the fall
what are the genotypes of male and female birds???
Male is ZZ And female is ZW
Chronic intermittent hematuria in beef grazing a western US pasture has been noted by the owner, you also diagnose hemorrhagic cystitis, what is the most likely causative agent???
Bracken fern (Pteridium aquilinum)
what is the causative agent of turkey coryza?
Bordetella avium
what is the TOC for Psittacosis (Chlamydophilia psittaci)???
Doxycycline (or any tetracyclines for at least 45 days!!!!!)!!!
how many milliliters of 50% dextrose should you use to make 1 liter of 5% dextrose?
50mg/mL x 1000mL = 50,000 total desired in 1 liter
50,000 mg/500mg/mL = 100 mL of 50% dextrose
what happens if you give PGF2-alpha to a cow in anestrus?
nothing
what is the causative agent for feline infectious anemia?
Mycoplasma haemofelis
a dwarf rabbit presents for right sided head tilt and hx of circling to the right, which of the following is likely a diagnosis?
Encephalitozoon cuniculi
lameness in sheep and goats can be due to footrot from what orgs?
Dichelobacter nodosus
use what test to screen for BLV?
ELISA to detect antibodies
BVDV can result in _____ ______ (a CS)
oral ulcerations and bilateral enophthalmos (sucken in eyes)
thiamine deficiency aka _____ is often seen in lambs being fed high concentrates or molasses such as in horse fed
polioencephalomalacia
several sheep in a flock are showing signs of depression, head pressing, opisthotonos, diarrhea, and blindness. As you check out the flock, you notice the farmer has been mistakenly giving them horse feed. What disease do they likely have?
Polioencephalomalacia
what is the significance of xanthochromia on CSF tap (it is yellowish coloring to the fluid)?
evidence of prior hemorrhage
enlarged sciatic nerve in chickens is seen with what disease
Marek Disease
what is not a possible cause of icterus in horses?
Oleander ingestion (it is a cardiac glycoside that causes death)
what worm migrates through the liver and into the lungs in pigs causing pneumonia?
Ascaris suum aka porcine roundworm
NOT responsive to abx and do significant lung damage
what method of transportation is a welfare concern with sheep and goats?
Boat transport
what AV block is seen in normal athletic horses?
2nd degree AV block
ECG showing increase in the P-R interval followed by occasional P waves that are NOT followed by a QRS-T complex.
2nd degree AV block (normal in athletic horses).
five goats on a ranch with 125 meat goats have developed large submandibular and prescapular abscesses. what is your next course of action??
Isolate affected animals (suspected caseous lymphadenitis aka Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis)
A cow presents in her 3rd lactation after calving normally 95 days ago and she does not seem to be in estrus and has not been since calving. What would happen if you gave her PGF2-alpha?
it will lyse her CL and increase uterine motility and evacuate her uterus and bring her into estrus
polioencephalomalacia causes destruction of what in the brain?
causes destruction of the gray matter in the cerebrum
what is most likely to predispose a cow to metritis?
dystocia (within the previous 2 weeks)