vestibular and paradoxical vestibular Flashcards
head tilt, archer reflex, proprioceptive deficits are all what
vestibular disease signs
where is the peripheral vestibular system located
in the tympanic bulla. cochlea cranial nerve 8 and semicircular canals
how does the peripheral vestibular sense motion
basal firing rate from the hair cells to the vestibular nerve. depending on what direction the hair cells move, it speeds up or slows down the firing rate
when the vestibular system is functioning normally what does excitation of the extensors on the left side cause
inhibition of the extensors on the right side
what causes nausea
over excitation of the CTZ zone
a conscious patient is a good indicator that what
it is a peripheral vestibular disease
proprioceptive deficits are seen with what vestibular localization
central.
which nystagmus usually indicates that it is a central vestibular lesion
vertical nystagmus
what is the number one ddx for central vestibular clinical signs
cancer. obtundation, proprioceptive deficits
what vestibular localization can have horners
peripheral
what do we do once we have localized the vestibular signs to the peripheral vestibular system
look in the ears! otitis and PSOM
acute onset of vestibular signs. what are your differentials
nasopharyngeal polyp or idiopathic vestibular disease. stertor, age
what are our go to treatments for otitis media
PO clavamox baytril, meringotomy, flush
what do we do with a nasopharyngeal polyp
sedate, retract and remove polyp, 1 mo course of steriods +- meringotomy
you see an old dog with vestibular signs. what do you want to do
look in the ears. check for hypothyroidism, hypertension
what is the toxic dose of metro
60mg/kg/day
what can you do for metro toxicity
nothing for cats. dogs diazepam
how do you differentiate central vestibular disease from cerebellar disease
the head tilt is opposite of the postural deficits in cerebellar disease
general clinical signs of cerebellar diseases
intention tremors, hypermetria, titubation-head swinging, vestibular signs, stargazing
am staff that has progressive cerebellar signs- intention tremors, head tilt, etc. what age are you expecting and what is your prognosis
4-6yr old. slow progressive disease that is heritable. eventually will be obtunded but can live 2-4 more years
cavalier with suspected chari like malformations. what clinical signs do you anticipate and what is the treatment
fantom itching, random yelping/pain, ataxia.
start on gabapentin or pregabalin and steroids for edema and inflammation.
+- surgical decompression
what causes feline panleuk to cause cerebellar hypoplasia
infection of the rapidly migrating granular cells.
wobbly puppy in the first 3 weeks of life
canine herpesvirus
what are the cerebellar signs associated with canine distemper virus
myoclonic jerks, vestibular signs, intention tremors
how do we diagnose distemper
PCR of CSF, or treat empirically based on presentation
what is GME
immune mediated multifocal inflammation, settling around blood vessels
how are we diagnosing MUE
diagnosis of exculsion, can biopsy but
what is the treatment for MUE
because no definitive diagnose. empirically treat for infectious, then immune suppression, pred + others.
lifelong
prognosis for MUE
rule of thirds
1/3 die in a month
1/3 recover to a new normal
1/3 are back to complete normal
acute CNS signs in a small breed dog. what are your differentials
MUE, white shaker dog, +- chari malformation. R/o based on clinical signs
what is the treatment for tremor syndrome - white shaker dog
steroid, 2mg/kg/day for one month then taper. can relapse
what are the two major neoplasias that can affect the cerebellum
glioma and meningioma
