vessels of leg

Question 1

how is the saphenous nerve positioned in the adductor canal in relation with other vessels

Answer 1

when saphenous n enters adductor canal with femoral artery, crosses over the artery from lateral to medail in canal, and at adductor hiatus, leaves on the medial side

Question 2

what two muscles do the saphenous pass between as it becomes superficial

Answer 2

sartorius and gracilis muscles

Question 3

what forms the subsartorial nerve plexus? what does it innervate

Answer 3

anterior br of obturator, saphenous, medial femoral cutaneous nerves

subsartorial nerve plexus is sensory to the posteromedial aspect of distal third of thigh

Question 4

what does the superficial circumflex iliac artery anastamose with?

Answer 4

deep circumflex iliac, superiora gluteal and lateral femoral circumfle arteries

Question 5

what musclar branches does the muscles does the femoral artery supply

Answer 5

vastus medialus, sartorius, adductor muscles

Question 6

what does the lateral femoral circumflex arteries anastamose with?

Answer 6

ascending: superior gluteal and deep circumflex iliac arteries
Transverse: cruciate anastamose–medial femoral circumflex, inferior gluteal and 1st perforating

Descending: superior lateral genicular branch of the popliteal artery

Question 7

what muscles does the medial femoral circumflex artery supply

Answer 7

adductor muscles, gracilis, obturator externus

Question 8

what supplies the acetabulum

Answer 8

acetabular branch of medial femoral circumflex

Question 9

where do each branch of the perforating artery of the profunda femoris come off ? what do they supply

Answer 9

1st: superior to adductor brevis
2nd: originate anteriorly to muscle
3rd: distal to musce
4th: adductor magnus

supplies adductor magnus and posterior thigh

Question 10

what do the muscular branches of profunda femoris supply

Answer 10

adductor muscles. supply muscles of posterior thigh

Question 11

what is the last branch of the femoral artery before it goes in the adductor hiatus? describe where this branch goes and what it supplies

Answer 11

descending genicular artery–>divides into saphenous branch and articular branch

saphenous branch exits adductor canal in company with saphenous nerve –> medial thigh

articular branch==> anastamose with medial superior genicualr and anterior recurrent tibial arteries to supply knee joint

Question 12

where does the popliteal artery terminate? what are the terminating branches

Answer 12

inferior border of popliteus muscles by dividing into two terminal branches: anterior and posterior tibial arteries

Question 13

what doe the muscular branches of popliteal artery supply

Answer 13

adductor magnus and hamstring muscles

Question 14

what does the middle genicular and sural arteries supply

Answer 14

middle: : ligaments and synovial membrane of the interior of the joint
surals: gastroc, soleus, plantaris

Question 15

where and what does the great saphenous vein drain into?

Answer 15

passes through saphenous hiatus and enters the femoral sheath to open into the femoral vein

Question 16

what drains in to the great saphenous vein

Answer 16

superficial epigastric and superficial external pudendal v, superficial circumflex iliac v

Question 17

what is the position of the femoral vein to femoral artery in the adductor canal vs femoral triangle

Answer 17

femoral vein ascends in adductor canal lying POSTERIOLATERL to femoral artery. in femoral triangle: vein ascends from posterior to medial side

Question 18

what are the main tributaries to the femoral vein? other tributaries? where else can the femoral vein drain into

Answer 18

great saphenous ** (largest), deep femoral (profunda femoral)
- medial and lateral femoral circumflex veins (or it could dump into deep femoral)

internal iliac vein

Question 19

what way does blood shunt between superficial and deep? how? cause of varicose veins?

Answer 19

blood shunt bloods from superficial to deep via perforating veins due to the arranagement of valves in perforating veins where blood can only go from superficial to deep. incompetent valves can cause varicose veins and pooling of blood due to lack of support of muscles (“calf pump”) to keep blood flow going.

Question 20

popliteal lymph node that lies posterior(superficial) to the popliteal vein receives lymph from where?

Answer 20

small saphenous vein

Question 21

where do the popliteal lymph node drain into?

Answer 21

deep inguinal lymph nodes

Question 22

where do the inguinal nodes receive lymph vessels

Answer 22

lower anterior ab wall, perineum, lower limb

Question 23

how many articular nerve branches from the tibial nerve vs common peroneal are there in the knee and ankle?

Answer 23

tibial N–>3 articular branches to knee (Superior, inferior medial and middle genicular arteries) , 1 branch to ankle

common peroneal: 3 articular branches to knee ( anterior tibial recurrent, inferior lateral genicular, superior lateral genicular)

Question 24

what nerve lies superficially in the groove between the heads of gastroc with what other vessel?

Answer 24

medial sural cutaneous with small saphenous vein

Question 25

what forms the sural nerve

Answer 25

medial sural cutaneous and the communiting ramus of the lateral surfal cutaneous branch

Question 26

what are the last branches of the tibial nerve before terminal branches

Answer 26

medial calcaneal nerves

Question 27

what makes up the sciatic nerve? (include nerve roots and division)

Answer 27

tibial N ( anterior: L4-S3) 
common peroneal (L4-S2)

Question 28

what does the common peroneal nerve pass between as it approaches to the head of fibula

Answer 28

long head of biceps femoris and lateral head of gastrocnemius

Question 29

if the peroneal communicating branch is absent (20%), where does the sural nerve originate from?

Answer 29

medial sural cutaneous n only

Question 30

where does the medial and lateral sural artery originate from? where do they distribute to

Answer 30

popliteal artery

gastroc, soleus and plantaris

Question 31

if popliteal artery is cut, how does the knee and lower limb still get blood supply

Answer 31

descending genicular and descending branch of lateral femoral circumflex

Question 32

where can the circumflex fibular artery branch off from? where does it go and what does it supply?

Answer 32

anterior tibial artery (40%), or posterior tibial artery (32%)

it goes around the neck of fibula to supply it, the soleus and fibularis longus muscles

Question 33

what are the branches of posterior tibial artery

Answer 33

muscular 
peroneal artery 
nutrient artery to the tibia 
posterior medial malleolar 
communicating 
medial calcaneal
medial plantar
lateral plantar 
circumflex fibular

Question 34

which artery provides nutrient branch to fibula

Answer 34

peroneal artery

Question 35

what muscles does the peroneal artery supply

Answer 35

posterior and lateral leg comparments

Question 36

what does the communicating branch of the posterior tibial artery joint with

Answer 36

communicating branch of peroneal artery

Question 37

deep lymphatic vessels course with what blood vessels

Answer 37

ANTERIOR TIBIAL, POSTERIOR TIBIAL, PERONEAL IN THE LEG

Question 38

lymph node for medial and lateral plantar lymph vessel

Answer 38

popliteal

Question 39

lymph node for posterior tibial and peroneal

Answer 39

poplitea