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ANATOMY exam3 > thigh > Flashcards

thigh Flashcards

1
Q

what shape is the femoral neck

A

hourglass shape, thinnest at middle

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2
Q

the surfaces of the neck of femur and their relation with the capsule placement in the hip joint

A

anterior surface lies completely within the capsule of hip joint, posterior surface upper 1/2 to 2/3 of posterior surface lies within capsule of hip joint.

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3
Q

what makes up the femoral angle of inclination? what are the angles for males vs female

A

neck of femur joints the shaft at angle

male: 125 degrees
female: 105 deg

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4
Q

what makes the angle of declination? angle?

A

ANTERIOR projection of the femoral head from shaft at angle of 12-14 degrees

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5
Q

what shape is the greater trochanter of the femur?

A

quadrilateral shaped

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6
Q

what inserts along the oblique bony ridge along the lateral surface? What is the significance between

A

gluteus medius

it divides the lat surface of greater trochanter into two triangular areas. trochanteric bursae overlie this.
bursae for gluteus medius overlies upper traingular area, and bursa for gluteus max overlies lower triangle

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7
Q

what is the major feature of the medial surface greater trochanter? what insert there?`

A

trochanteric fossa, tendon of obturator externus.

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8
Q

what inserts anterior to trochanteric fossa? what inserts in the trochanteric fossa?

A

obturator internus, and superior and inferior gemelli muscles terminate by inserting into tendon of obturator internus

obturator externus: fossa

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9
Q

what inserts on the superior, inferior border and anterior and r border of the greater trochanter?

A

piriformis inserts onto superior border
gluteus minimus: anterior border
vastus lateralis: inferior border
posterior border: no muscular attachment

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10
Q

what is the only structure attached to lesser trochanter? what inserts at apex of lesser trochanter? base?

A

iliopsoas only attachment

apex: psoas major
base: iliacus (and between the spiral ad pectineal lines

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11
Q

what attaches to the intertrochanteric line

A

iliofemoral ligament
vastus lateralis
vastus medialis

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12
Q

what attaches at the quadrate tubercle? where is it located

A

quadratus femoris, mid way along the intertrochanteric crest

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13
Q

what is the major feature on the posterior border of the femur

A

linea aspera

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14
Q

what is the medial, intermediate, and lateral line that unite to join linea aspera

A

medial:intertrochanteric line–> spiral line–> medial lip
intermediate: pectineal line
lateral line: extends from greater trochanter to lateral lip of linea aspera

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15
Q

what muscles attach to the gluteal tuberosity

A

adductor magnus, vastus lateralis, gluteus maximus (superiorly), short head fo biceps femoris (inferiorly)

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16
Q

what are the muscles that insert onto femur between the attachments of adductor magnus and vastus medialis

A

superiorly: iliacus and pectineus muscles, adductor brevis attaches to lineral aspera more superior ly that adductor longus

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17
Q

where does the medial line of the medial supracondylar line end?

A

adductor tubercle

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18
Q

whats the difference between the condyles

A

lateral condyle : more pronounced and broader, medial condyle is longer

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19
Q

what separates the patellar and tibial articular surfaces of femoral condyles? whats the difference between the lateral and medial one

A

sulci menisci

lateral: completely separates patellar surface of lateral femoral condyle from tibial surface

medial sulcus meniscus is deficient laterally where tibial and patellar surfaces are continuous

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20
Q

what attaches to the adductor tubercle

A

adductor magnus muscles

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21
Q

how is the attachment of the popliteus in the popliteal groove?

A

popliteus is in the oblique groove when the knee is flexed, and vertical groove when the knee is extended

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22
Q

what supplies the femoral head?

A

infants/children/teenagers during ossification of femur is the obturator artery

adults: medial femoral circumflex , enters neck of femur , in additional cruciate anastamoses

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23
Q

what supplies the shaft of the femur? what landmark on femur signifies this

A

nutrient artery from 2nd perforating artery

nutrient canal is directed obliquely AWAY from groing end of bone

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24
Q

what supplies the distal portion of femur?

A

superior lateral, superior medial genicular arteries, descending genicular arteries and the descending branch of lateral femoral circumflex artery

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25
Q

how many and what are the borders and surfaces of patella

A

3 borders: superior, medial, latearl

2 surfaces: anterior and posterior

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26
Q

what muscles attach to each border of patella

A

superior: rectus femoris, vastus intermedius,
medial: vastus medialis
lateral: vastus lateralus

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27
Q

whats the difference between the right and left patella facet

what supplies the patella

A

lateral: larger, deeper, more concave

genicular arteries

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28
Q

what is the saphenous opening called? what is it for? and what tissue covers the saphenosu hiatus

A

fossa ovalis, fascia cribrosa

used for opening for the great saphenous vein

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29
Q

what is the iliotibial band called? function? attachment?

A

thickened tendon in lateral part of fascia lata

helps keep knee extended and provide lateral stability when standing

attaches to ilium proximally and to lateral condyle of tibial distally

30
Q

what forms the roof of the adductor canal

A

sartoriuous

31
Q

what is located in the popliteal groove? what is its specific functions

A

popliteal tendon:
knee extended –> vertical groove
knee flexed–>oblique groove

32
Q

attachments of fascia lata

A

thick laterally, thin medially

anterior: pubic tubercole, inguinal ligament, asis

33
Q

what inserts in the IT band

A

tensor fascia lata, gluteus max

34
Q

what makes up the pectineal line

A

line from lesser trochanter to medial lip of femur

35
Q

what attachses to the medial epicondyle?

A

tibial collateral ligament

36
Q

what supplies the proximal, shaft vs dital end end of the femur

A

obturator a., medial femoral circumflex, laterla femoral circumflex, inferior gluteal, 1st perforating= proximal

shaft: nutrient artery of 2nd perforating

distal end: superior lateral, superior medial genicular arteries, descending genicular artery and descending branch of lateral femoral circumflex

37
Q

what has partial origin on the spiral line

A

vastus medialis

38
Q

which epicondyle on the femur is larger?

A

medial condyle

39
Q

where are the two grooves for the popliteus located?

A

lower portion of the lateral epicondyle

40
Q

different fascia names from thigh to feet

A

thigh: fascia lata
leg: crural fascia
foot: deep fascia

41
Q

what part of the saphenous opening is the falciform margin

A

lateral margin

42
Q

sartorius action

A

flex, abduct, laterally rotate thigh.

flex knee, medially rotate knee when flexed

43
Q

quadriceps mucscle/rectus femoris

A

extend leg

rectus femoris: extend leg and flex thigh

44
Q

muscles of the medial compartment of thigh

A

gracilis, pectineus, adductor longus, adductor brevis, adductor magnus

ALL adducts

45
Q

gracillis

A

adduct and medial rotate at the hip

Flex at knee

46
Q

pes anserinus action

A

flex knee

47
Q

Pectineus

A

flexion, adduct and medial rotate at hip

48
Q

adductor longus

A

flex and adduct hip

49
Q

adductor brevis

A

flex and adduct hip

50
Q

adductor magnus

A

flex adduct and EXTEND hip

51
Q

posterior compartment of thigh

A

biceps femoris
semitendinosus
semimembranosus

52
Q

biceps femoris

A

BOTH:
flex knee
laterally rotate knee from flexed position

LONG head: extends and laterally rotate at hip

53
Q

semitendinosus

A

flex at knee and medial rotate from full flexion

Extends hip

54
Q

semimembranosus

A

flex and medial rotate knee in flexion

Extend thigh

55
Q

which branch of the obturator nerve communicates with the accessory branch when present?

what would the accessory branch innervate

A

anterior branch

pectineus

56
Q

where is the subsartorial plexus located

A

inferior margin of adductor longus

57
Q

when does the sciatic nerve usually split

A

when it goes beneath long head of biceps femoris

58
Q

what branch from the profunda femoris pierces that vastus lateralis? adductor magnus

A

VL: transverse br

adductor magnus: Perforating branches

59
Q

what artery supplies the vastus lateralis

A

descending br of lateral femoral circumflex

60
Q

what are the superior genicular arteries superior to on the femur

A

femoral condyles

61
Q

what does the sural artery supply

A

gastroc soleus and plantaris

62
Q

what muscles does the medial femoral circumflex supply

A

adductor muscles, gracilis, obturator externus

63
Q

what surrounds the proximal end of great saphenous vein

A

superficial group of inguinal lymph nodes

64
Q

what are the lymph nodes in the leg?

what drains into each

A

popliteal and anterior tibial lymph node

Popliteal: medial and lateral plantar, posterior tibial and peroneal
-anterior tibial efferent vessels drained to popliteal

ant tib: dorsalis pedis and ant tib

65
Q

superficial inguinal nodes drain into where?

where do the horizontal superficial inguinal nodes receive lymphatic vessels from

inferior superficial inguinal lymph nodes?

A

external iliac node

receive from superficial, lateral portion of gluteal region.
Anterior abdominal perineum

vertical: foot, leg thigh, perineum
great saphenous vessel drain in here

66
Q

infection to medial side of the foot will cause which lymph node to enlarge?

A

inferior superficial lymph node

67
Q

how many deep inguinal lymph nodes lie within femoral sheath? which is most/least constant? which one is the gland of cloquet?

A

3

lowest most constant

intermediate: most variable
uppermost: gland of cloquet or node of rosenmueller

68
Q

what drains into the deep inguinal node?

A

femoral vessel, superficial inguinal node

69
Q

what drains into internal iliac node

A

pelvic organs, deeper gluteal region

70
Q

how many popliteal nodes are there? where are they located

what drains into each?

A
  • deep to popliteal A–> vessels within knee joint
  • superficial to popliteal v: small saphenous vessel

lateral and medial side of lymph vessels : anterior and posterior tibial and peroneal lymph vessels

71
Q

where do the superficial and deep inguinal lymph node drain into

A

external iliac lymph node

72
Q

what is located at the malleolar sulcus

A

FDL

TP

ANATOMY exam3 (13 decks)

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