Vessels and Circulation Flashcards
What do vessels often share their name with?
The body region or bone next to it.
What is systemic circulation?
Circulation of blood vessels that extend to and from the body tissues.
What is pulmonary circulation?
Circulation of vessels that take blood to the lungs for gas exchange and then return it to the heart.
Where do arteries transport blood?
away from the heart to body tissues.
What do arteries bifurcate into?
arterioles and capillaries
What to capillaries eventually become?
venules and veins
What is an anastomosis?
Site where two or more vessels merge to supply the same body region.
What happens to veins as they get closer to the heart?
They increase in size
What are anatomical end arteries?
vessels whose terminal branches do not anastomose. They can cause oxygen deprivation of tissues if blocked.
What are functional end arteries?
arteries whose anastomoses are so small that they may be considered end arteries.
What are the tunics of vessels?
The walls of blood vessels.
What is the tunica intima composed of?
epithelial cells
What is the tunica media composed of?
smooth muscle cells (under autonomic control)
What is the tunica externa composed of?
collagen cells
Does an artery or a vein have a larger tunica media?
artery
Does an artery or a vein have a larger tunica externa?
vein
What is a “substitute” for the tunica media in the veins?
valves
Does an artery or vein maintain a circular shape?
artery
Which vessel has the highest blood pressure?
artery
What carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs?
pulmonar arteries
What are the three types of arteries?
elastic, muscular, arterioles
As an artery’s diameter decreases, what increases?
smooth muscle
What is a feature of elastic arteries?
they have a high proportion of elastic fibers in the tunica media; allows for SMOOTH flow of blood.
Where can elastic arteries be found?
aorta, pulmonary arteries, brachiocephalic trunk, common carotid and iliac
What is a feature of muscular arteries?
A thick tunica media
What is a feature of arterioles?
they are under autonomic control.
What is arteriosclerosis?
hardening of the arteries
What is atherosclerosis
buildup of plaques in arteries
What do capillaries do?
Allow exchange of gas and nutrients between the blood and body tissues.
What is the only tunica layer present in capillaries?
tunica intima
Where does blood leave from to enter the capillaries?
terminal arteriole, then metarteriole.
What branches off of the meta-arteriole?
true capillaries
What controls blood flow into the capillaries?
pre-capillary sphincter
What channel do the true capillaries anastomose into?
Thoroughfare channel
What does the thoroughfare channel connect to?
post-capillary venule
What are the three types of capillaries?
continuous (most common), fenestrated and sinusoids
What carries oxygenated blood to the left atrium of the heart?
pulmonary vein
What do many deep veins pass through in order to reach the heart?
skeletal muscle groups
What is hypertension?
Chronically elevated blood pressure
What is the pathway of pulmonary circulation
right ventricle -> pulmonary trunk -> L & R pulmonary arteries
