Intro to Anatomy Flashcards
What is visible (Gross anatomy)?
Anatomy that studies comparisons, functions, and pathology of systems.
What are used to study anatomy?
CT, ultrasound, MRI, etc.
What does clinical anatomy study?
It studies the structure, function, organization and relationships within an organism in the context of the maintenance of a healthy patient and the prevention and treatment of disease.
What are organs?
Different tissue types that work together to perform specific, complex functions.
How many organ systems are there?
11
integumentary system
dermatology; consist of hair, skin, nails and sweat glands. Provides protection, regulates body temperature, synthesizes vitamin D, and prevents water loss.
skeletal system
osteology; provides support and protection and is the site of blood cell production. It stores calcium and phosphorus and allows for body movement.
muscular system
myology; produces body movement and generates heat when muscles contract. Also a center for storage of protein.
nervous system
neurology; regulatory system that controls body movement. Responds to sensory stimuli and helps control all other systems of the body.
endocrine system
consists of glands and cell clusters that secrete hormones, some of which regulate body and cellular growth, chemical levels in the body and reproduction functions and metabolism.
cardiovascular system
angiology; consists of a pump that moves blood through vessels in order to distribute hormones, nutrients, gases and pick up waste products.
lymphatic
angiology; transports and filters lympth (interstitial fluid) and initiates immune responses. Contains IF that drains into blood stream.
respiratory system
pulmonology; responsible for exchange of gases between blood and air in the lungs.
digestive
alimentary; mechanically and chemically digests food materials.
urinary system
urology; filters the blood and removes waste products from the blood. Concentrates waste products in the form of urine, and expels urine from the body.
What is the axial region?
Head, neck, trunk
What is the appendicular region?
limbs
cervical
neck
frontal
forehead
cephalic
head
buccal
cheek
mental
chin
deltoid
shoulder
axillary
armpit
brachial
arm
anteculbital
front of elbow
antebrachial
forearm
carpal
wrist
palmar
palm
digital
finger
coxal
hip
femoral
thigh
patellar
knee
crural
leg
pes
foot
tarsal
ankle
thoracic
sternal (sternum), pectoral (chest), mammary (breast)
inguinal
groin
cranical
surrounding the brain
occipital
back of head
otic
ear
olecranal
elbow
gluteal
buttock
popliteal
back of knee
What is regional anatomy?
study of anatomy based on regions of the body; emphasizes relationships among structures.
What is systemic anatomy?
study of anatomy based on organ systems.
What does the coronal plane divide?
the anterior (ventral) and posterior (dorsal) parts of the body.
What does the transverse plane divide?
the inferior (caudal) and superior (cranial) parts of the body.
What does the sagittal plane divide?
Left and right parts of the body (medial/ldeep, lateral/superifical).
What two cavities are at the posterior aspect of the body?
cranial cavity (brain) and vertebral canal (spinal cord)
What do serious membranes do?
Line the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities and cover organs.
Where is the parietal layer of the serous membrane?
the internal surface of the body wall.
Where is the visceral layer of the serous membrane?
the external surface of organs within the cavity.
What is the serous cavity?
A thin cavity between the parietal and visceral layers that contains a lubricating agent or serous fluid. It reduces friction and helps the organs move smoothly against one another.
What is the mediastinum?
The median space in the thoracic cavity.
What does the medistinum contain?
heart, thymus, esophagus, trachea and major blood vessels to the heart.
Where is the pericardium?
Inside the mediastinum. It encloses the heart.
What is in the left and right sides of the thoracic cavity?
the lungs. They are lined by a two-layered serous membrane called the pleura. Parietal - cavity - visceral
What is the peritoneum?
A mooist, two-layered serous membrane that lines the abdominopelvic cavity. It is greatly innervated.
How many abdominopelvic regions are there?
9.2 ilium,2 lumbar,2 hypochondriac, epigastric, umbilical, hypogastric.
