Autonomics Flashcards
In what pathway are ganglion involved?
autonomic pathway
What neurons are invovled in the autonomic nervous system?
preganglionic parasympathetic, postganglionic sympathetic axons
Where do the sympathetic autonomic nerves come from?
from spinal cord via sympathetic trunk
Where do the parasympathetic autonomic nerves come from?
from cranial and caudal repositories
What two transmitters are used in the ANS?
acetylcholine and norepinephrine
What do autonomic reflexes help maintain?
homeostasis; they do so through involuntary activity and visceral reflexes.
Where is autonomic function influenced?
the cerebrum, hypothalamus, brainstem and spinal cord.
Where are sympathetic preganglionic neuron cell bodies found?
Lateral horn of T1-L2 regions of the spinal cord.
Where are the left and right sympathetic trunks?
immediately anterior to the paired spinal nerves
Where do the white rami carry neurons to?
preganglionic sympathetic axons from T1 - L2 spinal nerves to the sympathetic trunk.
Where do the gray rami carry neurons to?
from the sympathetic trunk to the spinal nerve.
What are splanchnic nerves composed of?
preganglionic sympathetic nerves
Which “splanchnic nerve” is parasympathetic?
pelvic
Where do splanchnic nerves terminate?
prevertebral ganglia
Where are the prevertebral ganglia located?
the abdominal cavity
What is another term for the craniosacral division?
parasympathetic division
What is the parasympathetic division responsible for?
rest and digest
What nerves are associated with the parasympathetic division?
oculomotor (III), facial (VII), glossopharyngeal (IX), vagus (X)
What does the oculomotor neuron do?
pupil constriction, near vision/reading
What does the facial nerve do?
tear/mucuous/saliva/saliva production; is in the pterygopalatine (tear/mucous/saliva) and submandibular (saliva) regions.
What does the glossopharyngeal nerve do?
otic ganglion and parotid gland (saliva production)
What does the vagus nerve do?
controls heart, respiratory organs, bronchial passages, esophagus, and digestion. It affects all PARASYMPATHETICALLY.
What do postgangionlic parasympathetic neurons “piggyback” onto?
trigeminal nerves
Where is the sacral region of the parasympathetic (prevertebral) region?
S1 - S4
What do the saccral splanchnic nerves innervate?
large intestine, rectum, reproductive organs, urinary bladder, ureters, erection.
