Osteology of the Upper Limb Flashcards
What is the upper limb?
a mobile appendage sued to engage in the surrounding environment. IT includes the shoulrder, arm, forearm, wrist and hand.
What is the clavipectoral triangle?
A region close to the lateral end of the clavicle that is surrounded by the deltoid and the pectoralis major. The coracoid process protrudes from here.
What is the coracoid process?
The lateral end of a clavicle bone.
The pectoral girdle is made up of what two bones?
the clavicle and scapula.
What is the sternal end of a clavicle?
The end that makes contact with the sternum.
What is the acromial end of a clavicle?
The lateral end of a clavicle. It forms the acromioclavicular joint.
What is the subclavian groove of a clavicle?
a region where the subclavian muscle lies.
What two bones make the acromioclavicular joint?
the clavicle (acromial end) and the scapula.
What two bones make the glenohumeral joint?
the scapula and the humerus.
What two bones make the sternoclavicular joint?
the sternum and clavicle.
What major ligaments connect the clavicle to the sternum?
the coracoacromial, conoid and trapezoid ligaments.
What muscles attach to the clavicle?
the perctoralis major, subclavius, trapezius and deltoid.
What is the the name of the protrusion found on the posterior side of the scapula?
acromion
What are the fossas named after?
the muscles that are in the region.
the coracoid process of a scapula is comprised of what three muscles?
short head of biceps brachii coracobrachilais, pectoralis minor
The spine of the scapula contains what two muscles?
the deltoid and trapezius. PIC
The medial border of the scapula contains what three major muscles?
levator scapulae, rhomboid minor and rhomboid major. PIC
The lateral (axillary) border of the scapula conains what two muscles?
teres major and minor
What are the two glenoid attachments?
supraglengoid tubercle and infraglenoid tubercle. They are the long heads of the biceps brachii and tricepts brachii. They are found attached to the scapula.
The rotator cuff of the scapula contains what regions?
subscapular fossa (anterior), supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor (lateral/axillary)
Where is the surgical neck located?
Near the head of the humerus
Where is the trochlea located?
On the inferior end of the humerus.
What three regions are found on the superior & anterior side of the humerus?
greater tubercle, lesser tubercle and inter-tubercular groove. PIC
What two regions are found on the anterior inferior side of the humerus?
capitulum and trochlea. PIC
What does the head of the humerus articulate with?
glenoid of the scapula.
What part of the scapula contains a hole in which the humerus attaches to?
glenoid cavity
What attches to the lesser tubercle?
subscapularis
What attaches to the greater tubercle?
rotator cuff muscles
What attaches to the bicipital groove?
long tendon of biceps brachii
What attaches to the deltoid tuberosity?
deltoid muscle
What attaches to the midshaft?
coracobrachialis and brachialis muscles.
What acronym is useful for the attachments of things to the humerus?
SSIT (from medial to lateral) - subscapularis, supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor. The subscapularis attaches to the lesser tubercle and the supraspinatus attaches to the intertubercular groove.
What is the bicipital groove?
A long tendon of the biceps brachii that is between the greater and lesser tubercles.
The deltoid tuberosity is an insertion for what muscle?
deltoid muscle.
Where does the coracobrachilais insert?
on the medial aspect of the midshaft.
What is the common flexor origin?
where the medial epicondyle provides origin for the wrist and finger flexors.
What is the common extensor origin?
where the lateral epicondyle provides origin for the wrist and finger extensors.
What forms the elbow joint?
articulation with the radius and ulna.
What three regions of the humerus allow for attachment to the radius and ulna?
the capitulum, trochlea and medial eicondyle of the humerus.
The interosseous membrane between the radius and ulna forms what kind of joint?
syndesmosis
The head of the radius articulates with what?
the capitulum of the humerus and radial notch of the ulna.
The radial tuberosity provides attachment for what tendon?
biceps brachii
the radial shaft provides attachment for what aresa?
pronators and supinators of the forearm and flexors and extensors of the wrist and fingers.
what does the trochlear notch articular with?
the trochlea of humerus to form the stable hinge joint of the lebow.
The coronoid process provides insertion for what?
the brachialis and pronator teres
the olecranonprocess (elbow) provides insertion for what msucles?
triceps tendon.
The ulnar shaft provides origin for what muscles?
pronator quadruatus and supinator as well as digital extensors
What does the distal ulna not articulae with?
carpal bones
How many segments do the phalanges have?
3
How many bones are in the carpals?
9
How many bones are in the metacarpals?
5
How many bones are in the phalanges?
14
What acronym is used to remember the wrist bones?
so long to pinky, here comes the thumb
What are the joints between the carpals and metacarpals?
caropmetacarpal joints
What are the joints between the metacarpals and phalanges?
metacarpophalangeal joints; they are the joints closest to the palm.
What are the joints between the phalanges?
interphalangeal joints; they are the closest to the ends of the fingers.
Where do the flexors and extensors of the wrist have their insertionrs?
the carpals
Where do the flexors and extensors of the digits have their insertions?
the phalanges
Where do the intrinsic muscles of the hand mostly originate and insert on?
the metacarpals; they also insert on structures associated with the phalanges.
