Vessels and Capillary Exchange Slideshow

Question 1

Carry blood away from ventricles of heart

Answer 1

Arteries

Question 2

Receive blood from arteries
Carry blood to capillaries

Answer 2

Arterioles

Question 3

Sites of exchange of substances between blood and body cells

Answer 3

Capillaries

Question 4

Receive blood from capillaries

Answer 4

Venules

Question 5

Carry blood toward ventricle of heart

Answer 5

Veins

Question 6

Thick strong wall
Endothelial lining
Middle layer of smooth muscle and elastic tissue
Outer layer of connective tissue
Carries blood under relatively high pressure

Answer 6

Artery

Question 7

Thinner wall than artery
Endothelial lining
Some smooth muscle tissue
Small amount of connective tissue
Helps control blood flow into a capillary

Answer 7

Arterioles

Question 8

Smallest diameter blood vessels
Extensions of inner lining on arterioles
Walls are endothelium only
Semipermeable

Answer 8

capillaries

Question 9

Uninterrupted layer around capillary
Muscle and nervous tissue

Answer 9

Continuous

Question 10

Endothelial cells is pierced with a pore
Intestines and kidney

Answer 10

Fenestrated

Question 11

Wider with opening that allow transport of larger material such as proteins
Bone marrow, liver, spleen

Answer 11

Sinusoids

Question 12

Sites where two or more arteries (or veins) merge to supply the same body region.
Provide alternative blood supply routes to body tissues or organs.
More vein anastomosis than arteries.

Answer 12

anastomosis

Question 13

are capable of vasodilation and vasoconstriction, and regulate the flow of blood to capillaries through the precapillary sphincter.

Answer 13

arterioles

Question 14

Thinner wall than arteriole
Less smooth muscle and elastic tissue than arteriole

Answer 14

Venule

Question 15

Thinner wall than artery
Three layers to wall but middle layer is poorly developed
Some have flaplike valves
Carries blood under relatively low pressure
Serves as blood reservoir

Answer 15

vein

Question 16

blood volume systemic veins

Answer 16

60-70%

Question 17

blood volume lungs

Answer 17

10-12%

Question 18

blood volume heart

Answer 18

8-11%

Question 19

blood volume systemic arteries

Answer 19

10-12%

Question 20

blood volume capillaries

Answer 20

4-5%

Question 21

Blood supply to the heart:
Right coronary artery
Posterior interventricular artery
Ventricular walls
Cardiac veins
Coronary sinus
Right atrium

Answer 21

aorta

Question 22

Blood supply to the heart:
Walls of right atrium and right ventricle
Cardiac veins
Coronary sinus
Right atrium

Answer 22

Marginal artery

Question 23

Blood supply to the heart:
Circumflex artery
Walls of left atrium and left ventricle
Cardiac veins
Coronary sinus
Right atrium

Answer 23

Left coronary artery

Question 24

Blood supply to the heart:
Ventricular walls
Cardiac veins
Coronary sinus
Right atrium

Answer 24

Anterior interventricular artery

Question 25

Factors influencing BP: Peripheral Resistance

Answer 25

Blood viscosity
RBC count, albumin
Vessel Length
Vessel Radius
Autonomic effects
Viscera vs. skeletal/cardiac

Question 26

Controlling cardiac output and peripheral resistance regulates blood pressure

Answer 26

control of low BP

Question 27

If blood pressure rises, baroreceptors initiate the cardioinhibitory reflex, which lowers the blood pressure

Answer 27

control of high BP

Question 28

Movement of substances between blood and interstitial fluid
3 basic methods:
1. Diffusion
2. Transcytosis
3. Bulk Flow

Answer 28

capillary exchange

Question 29

Most important method
Substances move down their concentration gradient
O2 and nutrients from blood to interstitial fluid to body cells
CO2 and wastes move from body cells to interstitial fluid to blood
Can cross capillary wall through intercellular clefts (fenestrations) or through endothelial cells
Large proteins cannot cross

Answer 29

capillary exchange diffusion

Question 30

Small quantity of material
Substances in blood plasma become enclosed within pinocytotic vesicles that enter endothelial cells by endocytosis and leave by exocytosis
Important mainly for large, lipid-insoluble molecules that cannot cross capillary walls any other way

Answer 30

capillary exchange transcytosis

Question 31

Passive process in which large numbers of ions, molecules, or particles in a fluid move together in the same direction
Based on pressure gradient
Diffusion is more important for solute exchange
Bulk flow more important for regulation of relative volumes of blood and interstitial fluid
Filtratuon - from capillaries into interstitial fluid
Reabsorption - from interstitial fluid into capillaries

Answer 31

capillary exchange bulk flow

Question 32

Arterial end net filtration pressure = + 10 mm Hg
Fluid exits capillary since capillary hydrostatic pressure (35 mm Hg) is greater than blood colloidal osmotic pressure (25 mm Hg)

Answer 32

filtration

Question 33

Mid capillary net filtration pressure = 0 mm Hg
No net movement of fluid since capillary hydrostatic pressure (25 mm Hg) = blood colloidal osmotic pressure (25 mm Hg)

Answer 33

No net movement

Question 34

Venous end net filtration pressure = - 7 mm Hg
Fluid re-enters capillary since capillary hydrostatic pressure (18 mm Hg) is less than blood colloidal osmotic pressure (25 mm Hg)

Answer 34

reabsorption

Question 35

Sedentary life + vigorous exercise =

Answer 35

death

Question 36

Increased myocardial mass
Increased stroke volume
Decreased heart rate
Thick ventricles
No extra risk when exercising

Answer 36

Effects of being fit (regular exercise)

Question 37

what is regular exercise?

Answer 37

Heart rate elevated to 70-85% of maximum for 30 minutes, 3 times a week
Maximum equals 220 minus age