Additional Notes Module 4: Development of Blood Vessels and Fetal Circulation Flashcards
Blood vessels begin to form from the ___
embryonic mesoderm
The precursor hemangioblasts differentiate into angioblasts, which give rise to the blood vessels and pluripotent stem cells that differentiate into the ___ of the blood.
formed elements
Together, these cells form blood islands scattered throughout the ____.
embryo
Extensions known as _____ eventually connect the vascular network.
vascular tubes
As the embryo grows within the mother’s womb, the placenta develops to supply blood rich in oxygen and nutrients via the ____ vein and to remove wastes in oxygen-depleted blood via the ____ arteries.
umbilical
Three major shunts found in the fetus are the ____ and ____, which divert blood from the pulmonary to the systemic circuit, and the ductus venosus, which carries freshly oxygenated blood high in nutrients to the fetal heart.
foramen ovale , ductus arteriosus
stem cells that give rise to blood vessels
Angioblasts
development of new blood vessels from existing vessels
Angiogenesis
masses of developing blood vessels and formed elements from mesodermal cells scattered throughout the embryonic disc.
Blood islands
shunt in the fetal pulmonary trunk that diverts oxygenated blood back to the aorta
Ductus arteriosus
shunt that causes oxygenated blood to bypass the fetal liver on its way to the inferior vena cava
Ductus venosus
shunt that directly connects the right and left atria and helps to divert oxygenated blood from the fetal pulmonary circuit
Foramen ovale
embryonic stem cells that appear in the mesoderm and give rise to both angioblasts and pluripotent stem cells
Hemangioblasts
pair of vessels that runs within the umbilical cord and carries fetal blood low in oxygen and high in waste to the placenta for exchange with maternal blood
Umbilical arteries
single vessel that originates in the placenta and runs within the umbilical cord, carrying oxygen and nutrient-rich blood to the fetal heart
Umbilical vein
