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Anatomy and Physiology 2 > Additional Notes Module 4: Circulatory Pathways > Flashcards

Additional Notes Module 4: Circulatory Pathways Flashcards

1
Q

The right ventricle pumps oxygen-depleted blood into the pulmonary trunk and right and and left pulmonary arteries, which carry it to the right and left lungs for _____

A

gas exchange.

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2
Q

_____ blood is transported by pulmonary veins to the left atrium.

A

Oxygen-rich

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3
Q

The left ventricle pumps this blood into the ____

A

aorta

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4
Q

The main regions of the ____ are the ascending aorta, aortic arch, and descending aorta, which is further divided into the thoracic and abdominal aorta.

A

aorta

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5
Q

The coronary arteries branch from the ____ aorta.

A

ascending

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6
Q

After ____ tissues in the capillaries, systemic blood is returned to the right atrium from the venous system via the superior vena cava, which drains most of the veins superior to the diaphragm, the inferior vena cava, which drains most of the veins inferior to the diaphragm, and the coronary veins via the coronary sinus.

A

oxygenating

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7
Q

The ____ carries blood to the liver for processing before it enters circulation.

A

hepatic portal system

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8
Q

portion of the aorta inferior to the aortic hiatus and superior to the common iliac arteries

A

Abdominal aorta

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9
Q

branch of the abdominal aorta; supplies blood to the adrenal (suprarenal) glands

A

Adrenal artery

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10
Q

drains the adrenal or suprarenal glands that are immediately superior to the kidneys; the right adrenal vein enters the inferior vena cava directly and the left adrenal vein enters the left renal vein

A

Adrenal vein

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11
Q

arises from the internal carotid artery; supplies the frontal lobe of the cerebrum

A

Anterior cerebral artery

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12
Q

anastomosis of the right and left internal carotid arteries; supplies blood to the brain

A

Anterior communicating artery

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13
Q

branches from the popliteal artery; supplies blood to the anterior tibial region; becomes the dorsalis pedis artery

A

Anterior tibial artery

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14
Q

forms from the dorsal venous arch; drains the area near the tibialis anterior muscle and leads to the popliteal vein

A

Anterior tibial vein

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15
Q

largest artery in the body, originating from the left ventricle and descending to the abdominal region where it bifurcates into the common iliac arteries at the level of the fourth lumbar vertebra; arteries originating from the aorta distribute blood to virtually all tissues of the body

A

Aorta

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16
Q

arc that connects the ascending aorta to the descending aorta; ends at the intervertebral disk between the fourth and fifth thoracic vertebrae

A

Aortic arch

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17
Q

opening in the diaphragm that allows passage of the thoracic aorta into the abdominal region where it becomes the abdominal aorta

A

Aortic hiatus

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18
Q

circle of willis, anastomosis located at the base of the brain that ensures continual blood supply; formed from branches of the internal carotid and vertebral arteries; supplies blood to the brain

A

Arterial circle

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19
Q

initial portion of the aorta, rising from the left ventricle for a distance of approximately 5 cm

A

Ascending aorta

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20
Q

continuation of the subclavian artery as it penetrates the body wall and enters the axillary region; supplies blood to the region near the head of the humerus (humeral circumflex arteries); the majority of the vessel continues into the brachium and becomes the brachial artery

A

Axillary artery

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21
Q

major vein in the axillary region; drains the upper limb and becomes the subclavian vein

A

Axillary vein

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22
Q

originates in the lumbar region and passes through the diaphragm into the thoracic cavity on the right side of the vertebral column; drains blood from the intercostal veins, esophageal veins, bronchial veins, and other veins draining the mediastinal region; leads to the superior vena cava

A

Azygos vein

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23
Q

formed from the fusion of the two vertebral arteries; sends branches to the cerebellum, brain stem; and the posterior cerebral arteries; the main blood supply to the brain stem

A

Basilar artery

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24
Q

superficial vein of the arm that arises from the palmar venous arches, intersects with the median cubital vein, parallels the ulnar vein, and continues into the upper arm; along with the brachial vein, it leads to the axillary vein

A

Basilic vein

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25
Q

continuation of the axillary artery in the brachium; supplies blood to much of the brachial region; gives off several smaller branches that provide blood to the posterior surface of the arm in the region of the elbow; bifurcates into the radial and ulnar arteries at the coronoid fossa

A

Brachial artery

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26
Q

deeper vein of the arm that forms from the radial and ulnar veins in the lower arm; leads to the axillary vein

A

Brachial vein

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27
Q

single vessel located on the right side of the body; the first vessel branching from the aortic arch; gives rise to the right subclavian artery and the right common carotid artery; supplies blood to the head, neck, upper limb, and wall of the thoracic region

A

Brachiocephalic artery

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28
Q

one of a pair of veins that form from a fusion of the external and internal jugular veins and the subclavian vein; subclavian, external and internal jugulars, vertebral, and internal thoracic veins lead to it; drains the upper thoracic region and flows into the superior vena cava

A

Brachiocephalic vein

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29
Q

systemic branch from the aorta that provides oxygenated blood to the lungs in addition to the pulmonary circuit

A

Bronchial artery

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30
Q

drains the systemic circulation from the lungs and leads to the azygos vein

A

Bronchial vein

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31
Q

enlarged vein that receives blood from most of the other cerebral veins and the eye socket, and leads to the petrosal sinus

A

Cavernous sinus

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32
Q

major branch of the abdominal aorta; gives rise to the left gastric artery, the splenic artery, and the common hepatic artery that forms the hepatic artery to the liver, the right gastric artery to the stomach, and the cystic artery to the gallbladder

A

Celiac trunk

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33
Q

superficial vessel in the upper arm; leads to the axillary vein

A

Cephalic vein

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34
Q

blockage of blood flow to the brain; also called a stroke

A

Cerebrovascular accident (CVA)

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35
Q

anastomosis located at the base of the brain that ensures continual blood supply; formed from branches of the internal carotid and vertebral arteries; supplies blood to the brain

A

Circle of Willis

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36
Q

right common carotid artery arises from the brachiocephalic artery, and the left common carotid arises from the aortic arch; gives rise to the external and internal carotid arteries; supplies the respective sides of the head and neck

A

Common carotid artery

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37
Q

branch of the celiac trunk that forms the hepatic artery, the right gastric artery, and the cystic artery

A

Common hepatic artery

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38
Q

branch of the aorta that leads to the internal and external iliac arteries

A

Common iliac artery

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39
Q

one of a pair of veins that flows into the inferior vena cava at the level of L5; the left common iliac vein drains the sacral region; divides into external and internal iliac veins near the inferior portion of the sacroiliac joint

A

Common iliac vein

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40
Q

branch of the common hepatic artery; supplies blood to the gallbladder

A

Cystic artery

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41
Q

branch of the femoral artery; gives rise to the lateral circumflex arteries

A

Deep femoral artery

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42
Q

drains blood from the deeper portions of the thigh and leads to the femoral vein

A

Deep femoral vein

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43
Q

portion of the aorta that continues downward past the end of the aortic arch; subdivided into the thoracic aorta and the abdominal aorta

A

Descending aorta

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44
Q

formed from the superficial and deep palmar arches; supply blood to the digits

A

Digital arteries

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45
Q

drains the digits and feed into the palmar arches of the hand and dorsal venous arch of the foot

A

Digital veins

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46
Q

formed from the anastomosis of the dorsalis pedis artery and medial and plantar arteries; branches supply the distal portions of the foot and digits

A

Dorsal arch

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47
Q

drains blood from digital veins and vessels on the superior surface of the foot

A

Dorsal venous arch

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48
Q

forms from the anterior tibial artery; branches repeatedly to supply blood to the tarsal and dorsal regions of the foot

A

Dorsalis pedis artery

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49
Q

branch of the thoracic aorta; supplies blood to the esophagus

A

Esophageal artery

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50
Q

drains the inferior portions of the esophagus and leads to the azygos vein

A

Esophageal vein

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51
Q

arises from the common carotid artery; supplies blood to numerous structures within the face, lower jaw, neck, esophagus, and larynx

A

External carotid artery

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52
Q

branch of the common iliac artery that leaves the body cavity and becomes a femoral artery; supplies blood to the lower limbs

A

External iliac artery

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53
Q

formed when the femoral vein passes into the body cavity; drains the legs and leads to the common iliac vein

A

External iliac vein

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54
Q

one of a pair of major veins located in the superficial neck region that drains blood from the more superficial portions of the head, scalp, and cranial regions, and leads to the subclavian vein

A

External jugular vein

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55
Q

continuation of the external iliac artery after it passes through the body cavity; divides into several smaller branches, the lateral deep femoral artery, and the genicular artery; becomes the popliteal artery as it passes posterior to the knee

A

Femoral artery

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56
Q

forms a loop around the femur just inferior to the trochanters; drains blood from the areas around the head and neck of the femur; leads to the femoral vein

A

Femoral circumflex vein

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57
Q

drains the upper leg; receives blood from the great saphenous vein, the deep femoral vein, and the femoral circumflex vein; becomes the external iliac vein when it crosses the body wall

A

Femoral vein

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58
Q

drains the muscles and integument near the fibula and leads to the popliteal vein

A

Fibular vein

59
Q

branch of the femoral artery; supplies blood to the region of the knee

A

Genicular artery

60
Q

branch of the abdominal aorta; supplies blood to the gonads or reproductive organs; also described as ovarian arteries or testicular arteries, depending upon the sex of the individual

A

Gonadal artery

61
Q

generic term for a vein draining a reproductive organ; may be either an ovarian vein or a testicular vein, depending on the sex of the individual

A

Gonadal vein

62
Q

receives most of the smaller vessels from the inferior cerebral veins and leads to the straight sinus

A

Great cerebral vein

63
Q

prominent surface vessel located on the medial surface of the leg and thigh; drains the superficial portions of these areas and leads to the femoral vein

A

Great saphenous vein

64
Q

smaller vein complementary to the azygos vein; drains the esophageal veins from the esophagus and the left intercostal veins, and leads to the brachiocephalic vein via the superior intercostal vein

A

Hemiazygos vein

65
Q

branch of the common hepatic artery; supplies systemic blood to the liver

A

Hepatic artery proper

66
Q

specialized circulatory pathway that carries blood from digestive organs to the liver for processing before being sent to the systemic circulation

A

Hepatic portal system

67
Q

drains systemic blood from the liver and flows into the inferior vena cava

A

Hepatic vein

68
Q

branch of the abdominal aorta; supplies blood to the distal segment of the large intestine and rectum

A

Inferior mesenteric artery

69
Q

branch of the abdominal aorta; supplies blood to the inferior surface of the diaphragm

A

Inferior phrenic artery

70
Q

large systemic vein that drains blood from areas largely inferior to the diaphragm; empties into the right atrium

A

Inferior vena cava

71
Q

branch of the thoracic aorta; supplies blood to the muscles of the thoracic cavity and vertebral column

A

Intercostal artery

72
Q

drains the muscles of the thoracic wall and leads to the azygos vein

A

Intercostal vein

73
Q

arises from the common carotid artery and begins with the carotid sinus; goes through the carotid canal of the temporal bone to the base of the brain; combines with branches of the vertebral artery forming the arterial circle; supplies blood to the brain

A

Internal carotid artery

74
Q

branch from the common iliac arteries; supplies blood to the urinary bladder, walls of the pelvis, external genitalia, and the medial portion of the femoral region; in females, also provide blood to the uterus and vagina

A

Internal iliac artery

75
Q

drains the pelvic organs and integument; formed from several smaller veins in the region; leads to the common iliac vein

A

Internal iliac vein

76
Q

one of a pair of major veins located in the neck region that passes through the jugular foramen and canal, flows parallel to the common carotid artery that is more or less its counterpart; primarily drains blood from the brain, receives the superficial facial vein, and empties into the subclavian vein

A

internal jugular vein

77
Q

arises from the subclavian artery; supplies blood to the thymus, pericardium of the heart, and the anterior chest wall

A

Internal thoracic artery

78
Q

drains the anterior surface of the chest wall and leads to the brachiocephalic vein

A

Internal thoracic vein

79
Q

branch of the deep femoral artery; supplies blood to the deep muscles of the thigh and the ventral and lateral regions of the integument

A

Lateral circumflex artery

80
Q

arises from the bifurcation of the posterior tibial arteries; supplies blood to the lateral plantar surfaces of the foo

A

Lateral plantar artery

81
Q

branch of the celiac trunk; supplies blood to the stomach

A

Left gastric artery

82
Q

branches of the abdominal aorta; supply blood to the lumbar region, the abdominal wall, and spinal cord

A

Lumbar arteries

83
Q

drain the lumbar portion of the abdominal wall and spinal cord; the superior lumbar veins drain into the azygos vein on the right or the hemiazygos vein on the left; blood from these vessels is returned to the superior vena cava rather than the inferior vena cava

A

Lumbar veins

84
Q

drains blood from the maxillary region and leads to the external jugular vein

A

Maxillary vein

85
Q

arises from the bifurcation of the posterior tibial arteries; supplies blood to the medial plantar surfaces of the foot

A

Medial plantar artery

86
Q

vein that parallels the ulnar vein but is more medial in location; intertwines with the palmar venous arches

A

Median antebrachial vein

87
Q

superficial vessel located in the antecubital region that links the cephalic vein to the basilic vein in the form of a v; a frequent site for a blood draw

A

Median cubital vein

88
Q

continuation of the aorta into the sacrum

A

Median sacral artery

89
Q

branch of the thoracic aorta; supplies blood to the mediastinum

A

Mediastinal artery

90
Q

another branch of the internal carotid artery; supplies blood to the temporal and parietal lobes of the cerebrum

A

Middle cerebral artery

91
Q

drains the sacral region and leads to the left common iliac vein

A

Middle sacral vein

92
Q

enlarged vein that drains the occipital region near the falx cerebelli and flows into the left and right transverse sinuses, and also into the vertebral veins

A

Occipital sinus

93
Q

branch of the internal carotid artery; supplies blood to the eyes

A

Ophthalmic artery

94
Q

branch of the abdominal aorta; supplies blood to the ovary, uterine (Fallopian) tube, and uterus

A

Ovarian artery

95
Q

drains the ovary; the right ovarian vein leads to the inferior vena cava and the left ovarian vein leads to the left renal vein

A

Ovarian vein

96
Q

superficial and deep arches formed from anastomoses of the radial and ulnar arteries; supply blood to the hand and digital arteries

A

Palmar arches

97
Q

drain the hand and digits, and feed into the radial and ulnar veins

A

Palmar venous arches

98
Q

group of arterial branches of the thoracic aorta; includes those that supply blood to the thoracic cavity, vertebral column, and the superior surface of the diaphragm

A

Parietal branches

99
Q

branch of the thoracic aorta; supplies blood to the pericardium

A

Pericardial artery

100
Q

enlarged vein that receives blood from the cavernous sinus and flows into the internal jugular vein

A

Petrosal sinus

101
Q

drains the diaphragm; the right phrenic vein flows into the inferior vena cava and the left phrenic vein leads to the left renal vein

A

Phrenic vein

102
Q

formed from the anastomosis of the dorsalis pedis artery and medial and plantar arteries; branches supply the distal portions of the foot and digits

A

Plantar arch

103
Q

drain the foot and lead to the plantar venous arch

A

Plantar veins

104
Q

formed from the plantar veins; leads to the anterior and posterior tibial veins through anastomoses

A

Plantar venous arch

105
Q

continuation of the femoral artery posterior to the knee; branches into the anterior and posterior tibial arteries

A

Popliteal artery

106
Q

continuation of the femoral vein behind the knee; drains the region behind the knee and forms from the fusion of the fibular and anterior and posterior tibial veins

A

Popliteal vein

107
Q

branch of the basilar artery that forms a portion of the posterior segment of the arterial circle; supplies blood to the posterior portion of the cerebrum and brain stem

A

Posterior cerebral artery

108
Q

branch of the posterior cerebral artery that forms part of the posterior portion of the arterial circle; supplies blood to the brain

A

Posterior communicating artery

109
Q

branch from the popliteal artery that gives rise to the fibular or peroneal artery; supplies blood to the posterior tibial region

A

Posterior tibial artery

110
Q

forms from the dorsal venous arch; drains the area near the posterior surface of the tibia and leads to the popliteal vein

A

Posterior tibial vein

111
Q

one of two branches, left and right, that divides off from the pulmonary trunk and leads to smaller arterioles and eventually to the pulmonary capillaries

A

Pulmonary artery

112
Q

system of blood vessels that provide gas exchange via a network of arteries, veins, and capillaries that run from the heart, through the body, and back to the lungs

A

Pulmonary circuit

113
Q

single large vessel exiting the right ventricle that divides to form the right and left pulmonary arteries

A

Pulmonary trunk

114
Q

two sets of paired vessels, one pair on each side, that are formed from the small venules leading away from the pulmonary capillaries that flow into the left atrium

A

Pulmonary veins

115
Q

formed at the bifurcation of the brachial artery; parallels the radius; gives off smaller branches until it reaches the carpal region where it fuses with the ulnar artery to form the superficial and deep palmar arches; supplies blood to the lower arm and carpal region

A

Radial artery

116
Q

parallels the radius and radial artery; arises from the palmar venous arches and leads to the brachial vein

A

Radial vein

117
Q

branch of the abdominal aorta; supplies each kidney

A

Renal artery

118
Q

largest vein entering the inferior vena cava; drains the kidneys and leads to the inferior vena cava

A

Renal vein

119
Q

branch of the common hepatic artery; supplies blood to the stomach

A

Right gastric artery

120
Q

enlarged veins that receive blood from the transverse sinuses; flow through the jugular foramen and into the internal jugular vein

A

Sigmoid sinuses

121
Q

located on the lateral surface of the leg; drains blood from the superficial regions of the lower leg and foot, and leads to the popliteal vein

A

Small saphenous vein

122
Q

branch of the celiac trunk; supplies blood to the spleen

A

Splenic artery

123
Q

enlarged vein that drains blood from the brain; receives most of the blood from the great cerebral vein and flows into the left or right transverse sinus

A

Straight sinus

124
Q

right subclavian arises from the brachiocephalic artery, whereas the left subclavian artery arises from the aortic arch; gives rise to the internal thoracic, vertebral, and thyrocervical arteries; supplies blood to the arms, chest, shoulders, back, and central nervous system

A

Subclavian artery

125
Q

located deep in the thoracic cavity; becomes the axillary vein as it enters the axillary region; drains the axillary and smaller local veins near the scapular region; leads to the brachiocephalic vein

A

Subclavian vein

126
Q

drains blood from the subscapular region and leads to the axillary vein

A

Subcapular vein

127
Q

branch of the abdominal aorta; supplies blood to the small intestine (duodenum, jejunum, and ileum), the pancreas, and a majority of the large intestine

A

Superior mesenteric artery

128
Q

branch of the thoracic aorta; supplies blood to the superior surface of the diaphragm

A

Superior phrenic artery

129
Q

enlarged vein located midsagittally between the meningeal and periosteal layers of the dura mater within the falx cerebri; receives most of the blood drained from the superior surface of the cerebrum and leads to the inferior jugular vein and the vertebral vein

A

Superior sagittal sinus

130
Q

large systemic vein; drains blood from most areas superior to the diaphragm; empties into the right atrium

A

Superior vena cava

131
Q

drains blood from the temporal region and leads to the external jugular vein

A

Temporal vein

132
Q

branch of the abdominal aorta; will ultimately travel outside the body cavity to the testes and form one component of the spermatic cord

A

Testicular artery

133
Q

drains the testes and forms part of the spermatic cord; the right testicular vein empties directly into the inferior vena cava and the left testicular vein empties into the left renal vein

A

Testicular vein

134
Q

portion of the descending aorta superior to the aortic hiatus

A

Thoracic aorta

135
Q

arises from the subclavian artery; supplies blood to the thyroid, the cervical region, the upper back, and shoulder

A

Thyrocervical artery

136
Q

temporary loss of neurological function caused by a brief interruption in blood flow; also known as a mini-stroke

A

Transient ischemic attack (TIA)

137
Q

pair of enlarged veins near the lambdoid suture that drain the occipital, sagittal, and straight sinuses, and leads to the sigmoid sinuses

A

Transverse sinuses

138
Q

large vessel that gives rise to smaller vessels

A

Trunk

139
Q

formed at the bifurcation of the brachial artery; parallels the ulna; gives off smaller branches until it reaches the carpal region where it fuses with the radial artery to form the superficial and deep palmar arches; supplies blood to the lower arm and carpal region

A

Ulnar artery

140
Q

parallels the ulna and ulnar artery; arises from the palmar venous arches and leads to the brachial vein

A

Ulnar vein

141
Q

arises from the subclavian artery and passes through the vertebral foramen through the foramen magnum to the brain; joins with the internal carotid artery to form the arterial circle; supplies blood to the brain and spinal cord

A

Vertebral artery

142
Q

arises from the base of the brain and the cervical region of the spinal cord; passes through the intervertebral foramina in the cervical vertebrae; drains smaller veins from the cranium, spinal cord, and vertebrae, and leads to the brachiocephalic vein; counterpart of the vertebral artery

A

Vertebral vein

143
Q

branches of the descending aorta that supply blood to the viscera

A

Visceral branches

Anatomy and Physiology 2 (9 decks)

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