Additional Notes Module 4: Circulatory Pathways Flashcards
The right ventricle pumps oxygen-depleted blood into the pulmonary trunk and right and and left pulmonary arteries, which carry it to the right and left lungs for _____
gas exchange.
_____ blood is transported by pulmonary veins to the left atrium.
Oxygen-rich
The left ventricle pumps this blood into the ____
aorta
The main regions of the ____ are the ascending aorta, aortic arch, and descending aorta, which is further divided into the thoracic and abdominal aorta.
aorta
The coronary arteries branch from the ____ aorta.
ascending
After ____ tissues in the capillaries, systemic blood is returned to the right atrium from the venous system via the superior vena cava, which drains most of the veins superior to the diaphragm, the inferior vena cava, which drains most of the veins inferior to the diaphragm, and the coronary veins via the coronary sinus.
oxygenating
The ____ carries blood to the liver for processing before it enters circulation.
hepatic portal system
portion of the aorta inferior to the aortic hiatus and superior to the common iliac arteries
Abdominal aorta
branch of the abdominal aorta; supplies blood to the adrenal (suprarenal) glands
Adrenal artery
drains the adrenal or suprarenal glands that are immediately superior to the kidneys; the right adrenal vein enters the inferior vena cava directly and the left adrenal vein enters the left renal vein
Adrenal vein
arises from the internal carotid artery; supplies the frontal lobe of the cerebrum
Anterior cerebral artery
anastomosis of the right and left internal carotid arteries; supplies blood to the brain
Anterior communicating artery
branches from the popliteal artery; supplies blood to the anterior tibial region; becomes the dorsalis pedis artery
Anterior tibial artery
forms from the dorsal venous arch; drains the area near the tibialis anterior muscle and leads to the popliteal vein
Anterior tibial vein
largest artery in the body, originating from the left ventricle and descending to the abdominal region where it bifurcates into the common iliac arteries at the level of the fourth lumbar vertebra; arteries originating from the aorta distribute blood to virtually all tissues of the body
Aorta
arc that connects the ascending aorta to the descending aorta; ends at the intervertebral disk between the fourth and fifth thoracic vertebrae
Aortic arch
opening in the diaphragm that allows passage of the thoracic aorta into the abdominal region where it becomes the abdominal aorta
Aortic hiatus
circle of willis, anastomosis located at the base of the brain that ensures continual blood supply; formed from branches of the internal carotid and vertebral arteries; supplies blood to the brain
Arterial circle
initial portion of the aorta, rising from the left ventricle for a distance of approximately 5 cm
Ascending aorta
continuation of the subclavian artery as it penetrates the body wall and enters the axillary region; supplies blood to the region near the head of the humerus (humeral circumflex arteries); the majority of the vessel continues into the brachium and becomes the brachial artery
Axillary artery
major vein in the axillary region; drains the upper limb and becomes the subclavian vein
Axillary vein
originates in the lumbar region and passes through the diaphragm into the thoracic cavity on the right side of the vertebral column; drains blood from the intercostal veins, esophageal veins, bronchial veins, and other veins draining the mediastinal region; leads to the superior vena cava
Azygos vein
formed from the fusion of the two vertebral arteries; sends branches to the cerebellum, brain stem; and the posterior cerebral arteries; the main blood supply to the brain stem
Basilar artery
superficial vein of the arm that arises from the palmar venous arches, intersects with the median cubital vein, parallels the ulnar vein, and continues into the upper arm; along with the brachial vein, it leads to the axillary vein
Basilic vein
continuation of the axillary artery in the brachium; supplies blood to much of the brachial region; gives off several smaller branches that provide blood to the posterior surface of the arm in the region of the elbow; bifurcates into the radial and ulnar arteries at the coronoid fossa
Brachial artery
deeper vein of the arm that forms from the radial and ulnar veins in the lower arm; leads to the axillary vein
Brachial vein
single vessel located on the right side of the body; the first vessel branching from the aortic arch; gives rise to the right subclavian artery and the right common carotid artery; supplies blood to the head, neck, upper limb, and wall of the thoracic region
Brachiocephalic artery
one of a pair of veins that form from a fusion of the external and internal jugular veins and the subclavian vein; subclavian, external and internal jugulars, vertebral, and internal thoracic veins lead to it; drains the upper thoracic region and flows into the superior vena cava
Brachiocephalic vein
systemic branch from the aorta that provides oxygenated blood to the lungs in addition to the pulmonary circuit
Bronchial artery
drains the systemic circulation from the lungs and leads to the azygos vein
Bronchial vein
enlarged vein that receives blood from most of the other cerebral veins and the eye socket, and leads to the petrosal sinus
Cavernous sinus
major branch of the abdominal aorta; gives rise to the left gastric artery, the splenic artery, and the common hepatic artery that forms the hepatic artery to the liver, the right gastric artery to the stomach, and the cystic artery to the gallbladder
Celiac trunk
superficial vessel in the upper arm; leads to the axillary vein
Cephalic vein
blockage of blood flow to the brain; also called a stroke
Cerebrovascular accident (CVA)
anastomosis located at the base of the brain that ensures continual blood supply; formed from branches of the internal carotid and vertebral arteries; supplies blood to the brain
Circle of Willis
right common carotid artery arises from the brachiocephalic artery, and the left common carotid arises from the aortic arch; gives rise to the external and internal carotid arteries; supplies the respective sides of the head and neck
Common carotid artery
branch of the celiac trunk that forms the hepatic artery, the right gastric artery, and the cystic artery
Common hepatic artery
branch of the aorta that leads to the internal and external iliac arteries
Common iliac artery
one of a pair of veins that flows into the inferior vena cava at the level of L5; the left common iliac vein drains the sacral region; divides into external and internal iliac veins near the inferior portion of the sacroiliac joint
Common iliac vein
branch of the common hepatic artery; supplies blood to the gallbladder
Cystic artery
branch of the femoral artery; gives rise to the lateral circumflex arteries
Deep femoral artery
drains blood from the deeper portions of the thigh and leads to the femoral vein
Deep femoral vein
portion of the aorta that continues downward past the end of the aortic arch; subdivided into the thoracic aorta and the abdominal aorta
Descending aorta
formed from the superficial and deep palmar arches; supply blood to the digits
Digital arteries
drains the digits and feed into the palmar arches of the hand and dorsal venous arch of the foot
Digital veins
formed from the anastomosis of the dorsalis pedis artery and medial and plantar arteries; branches supply the distal portions of the foot and digits
Dorsal arch
drains blood from digital veins and vessels on the superior surface of the foot
Dorsal venous arch
forms from the anterior tibial artery; branches repeatedly to supply blood to the tarsal and dorsal regions of the foot
Dorsalis pedis artery
branch of the thoracic aorta; supplies blood to the esophagus
Esophageal artery
drains the inferior portions of the esophagus and leads to the azygos vein
Esophageal vein
arises from the common carotid artery; supplies blood to numerous structures within the face, lower jaw, neck, esophagus, and larynx
External carotid artery
branch of the common iliac artery that leaves the body cavity and becomes a femoral artery; supplies blood to the lower limbs
External iliac artery
formed when the femoral vein passes into the body cavity; drains the legs and leads to the common iliac vein
External iliac vein
one of a pair of major veins located in the superficial neck region that drains blood from the more superficial portions of the head, scalp, and cranial regions, and leads to the subclavian vein
External jugular vein
continuation of the external iliac artery after it passes through the body cavity; divides into several smaller branches, the lateral deep femoral artery, and the genicular artery; becomes the popliteal artery as it passes posterior to the knee
Femoral artery
forms a loop around the femur just inferior to the trochanters; drains blood from the areas around the head and neck of the femur; leads to the femoral vein
Femoral circumflex vein
drains the upper leg; receives blood from the great saphenous vein, the deep femoral vein, and the femoral circumflex vein; becomes the external iliac vein when it crosses the body wall
Femoral vein
drains the muscles and integument near the fibula and leads to the popliteal vein
Fibular vein
branch of the femoral artery; supplies blood to the region of the knee
Genicular artery
branch of the abdominal aorta; supplies blood to the gonads or reproductive organs; also described as ovarian arteries or testicular arteries, depending upon the sex of the individual
Gonadal artery
generic term for a vein draining a reproductive organ; may be either an ovarian vein or a testicular vein, depending on the sex of the individual
Gonadal vein
receives most of the smaller vessels from the inferior cerebral veins and leads to the straight sinus
Great cerebral vein
prominent surface vessel located on the medial surface of the leg and thigh; drains the superficial portions of these areas and leads to the femoral vein
Great saphenous vein
smaller vein complementary to the azygos vein; drains the esophageal veins from the esophagus and the left intercostal veins, and leads to the brachiocephalic vein via the superior intercostal vein
Hemiazygos vein
branch of the common hepatic artery; supplies systemic blood to the liver
Hepatic artery proper
specialized circulatory pathway that carries blood from digestive organs to the liver for processing before being sent to the systemic circulation
Hepatic portal system
drains systemic blood from the liver and flows into the inferior vena cava
Hepatic vein
branch of the abdominal aorta; supplies blood to the distal segment of the large intestine and rectum
Inferior mesenteric artery
branch of the abdominal aorta; supplies blood to the inferior surface of the diaphragm
Inferior phrenic artery
large systemic vein that drains blood from areas largely inferior to the diaphragm; empties into the right atrium
Inferior vena cava
branch of the thoracic aorta; supplies blood to the muscles of the thoracic cavity and vertebral column
Intercostal artery
drains the muscles of the thoracic wall and leads to the azygos vein
Intercostal vein
arises from the common carotid artery and begins with the carotid sinus; goes through the carotid canal of the temporal bone to the base of the brain; combines with branches of the vertebral artery forming the arterial circle; supplies blood to the brain
Internal carotid artery
branch from the common iliac arteries; supplies blood to the urinary bladder, walls of the pelvis, external genitalia, and the medial portion of the femoral region; in females, also provide blood to the uterus and vagina
Internal iliac artery
drains the pelvic organs and integument; formed from several smaller veins in the region; leads to the common iliac vein
Internal iliac vein
one of a pair of major veins located in the neck region that passes through the jugular foramen and canal, flows parallel to the common carotid artery that is more or less its counterpart; primarily drains blood from the brain, receives the superficial facial vein, and empties into the subclavian vein
internal jugular vein
arises from the subclavian artery; supplies blood to the thymus, pericardium of the heart, and the anterior chest wall
Internal thoracic artery
drains the anterior surface of the chest wall and leads to the brachiocephalic vein
Internal thoracic vein
branch of the deep femoral artery; supplies blood to the deep muscles of the thigh and the ventral and lateral regions of the integument
Lateral circumflex artery
arises from the bifurcation of the posterior tibial arteries; supplies blood to the lateral plantar surfaces of the foo
Lateral plantar artery
branch of the celiac trunk; supplies blood to the stomach
Left gastric artery
branches of the abdominal aorta; supply blood to the lumbar region, the abdominal wall, and spinal cord
Lumbar arteries
drain the lumbar portion of the abdominal wall and spinal cord; the superior lumbar veins drain into the azygos vein on the right or the hemiazygos vein on the left; blood from these vessels is returned to the superior vena cava rather than the inferior vena cava
Lumbar veins
drains blood from the maxillary region and leads to the external jugular vein
Maxillary vein
arises from the bifurcation of the posterior tibial arteries; supplies blood to the medial plantar surfaces of the foot
Medial plantar artery
vein that parallels the ulnar vein but is more medial in location; intertwines with the palmar venous arches
Median antebrachial vein
superficial vessel located in the antecubital region that links the cephalic vein to the basilic vein in the form of a v; a frequent site for a blood draw
Median cubital vein
continuation of the aorta into the sacrum
Median sacral artery
branch of the thoracic aorta; supplies blood to the mediastinum
Mediastinal artery
another branch of the internal carotid artery; supplies blood to the temporal and parietal lobes of the cerebrum
Middle cerebral artery
drains the sacral region and leads to the left common iliac vein
Middle sacral vein
enlarged vein that drains the occipital region near the falx cerebelli and flows into the left and right transverse sinuses, and also into the vertebral veins
Occipital sinus
branch of the internal carotid artery; supplies blood to the eyes
Ophthalmic artery
branch of the abdominal aorta; supplies blood to the ovary, uterine (Fallopian) tube, and uterus
Ovarian artery
drains the ovary; the right ovarian vein leads to the inferior vena cava and the left ovarian vein leads to the left renal vein
Ovarian vein
superficial and deep arches formed from anastomoses of the radial and ulnar arteries; supply blood to the hand and digital arteries
Palmar arches
drain the hand and digits, and feed into the radial and ulnar veins
Palmar venous arches
group of arterial branches of the thoracic aorta; includes those that supply blood to the thoracic cavity, vertebral column, and the superior surface of the diaphragm
Parietal branches
branch of the thoracic aorta; supplies blood to the pericardium
Pericardial artery
enlarged vein that receives blood from the cavernous sinus and flows into the internal jugular vein
Petrosal sinus
drains the diaphragm; the right phrenic vein flows into the inferior vena cava and the left phrenic vein leads to the left renal vein
Phrenic vein
formed from the anastomosis of the dorsalis pedis artery and medial and plantar arteries; branches supply the distal portions of the foot and digits
Plantar arch
drain the foot and lead to the plantar venous arch
Plantar veins
formed from the plantar veins; leads to the anterior and posterior tibial veins through anastomoses
Plantar venous arch
continuation of the femoral artery posterior to the knee; branches into the anterior and posterior tibial arteries
Popliteal artery
continuation of the femoral vein behind the knee; drains the region behind the knee and forms from the fusion of the fibular and anterior and posterior tibial veins
Popliteal vein
branch of the basilar artery that forms a portion of the posterior segment of the arterial circle; supplies blood to the posterior portion of the cerebrum and brain stem
Posterior cerebral artery
branch of the posterior cerebral artery that forms part of the posterior portion of the arterial circle; supplies blood to the brain
Posterior communicating artery
branch from the popliteal artery that gives rise to the fibular or peroneal artery; supplies blood to the posterior tibial region
Posterior tibial artery
forms from the dorsal venous arch; drains the area near the posterior surface of the tibia and leads to the popliteal vein
Posterior tibial vein
one of two branches, left and right, that divides off from the pulmonary trunk and leads to smaller arterioles and eventually to the pulmonary capillaries
Pulmonary artery
system of blood vessels that provide gas exchange via a network of arteries, veins, and capillaries that run from the heart, through the body, and back to the lungs
Pulmonary circuit
single large vessel exiting the right ventricle that divides to form the right and left pulmonary arteries
Pulmonary trunk
two sets of paired vessels, one pair on each side, that are formed from the small venules leading away from the pulmonary capillaries that flow into the left atrium
Pulmonary veins
formed at the bifurcation of the brachial artery; parallels the radius; gives off smaller branches until it reaches the carpal region where it fuses with the ulnar artery to form the superficial and deep palmar arches; supplies blood to the lower arm and carpal region
Radial artery
parallels the radius and radial artery; arises from the palmar venous arches and leads to the brachial vein
Radial vein
branch of the abdominal aorta; supplies each kidney
Renal artery
largest vein entering the inferior vena cava; drains the kidneys and leads to the inferior vena cava
Renal vein
branch of the common hepatic artery; supplies blood to the stomach
Right gastric artery
enlarged veins that receive blood from the transverse sinuses; flow through the jugular foramen and into the internal jugular vein
Sigmoid sinuses
located on the lateral surface of the leg; drains blood from the superficial regions of the lower leg and foot, and leads to the popliteal vein
Small saphenous vein
branch of the celiac trunk; supplies blood to the spleen
Splenic artery
enlarged vein that drains blood from the brain; receives most of the blood from the great cerebral vein and flows into the left or right transverse sinus
Straight sinus
right subclavian arises from the brachiocephalic artery, whereas the left subclavian artery arises from the aortic arch; gives rise to the internal thoracic, vertebral, and thyrocervical arteries; supplies blood to the arms, chest, shoulders, back, and central nervous system
Subclavian artery
located deep in the thoracic cavity; becomes the axillary vein as it enters the axillary region; drains the axillary and smaller local veins near the scapular region; leads to the brachiocephalic vein
Subclavian vein
drains blood from the subscapular region and leads to the axillary vein
Subcapular vein
branch of the abdominal aorta; supplies blood to the small intestine (duodenum, jejunum, and ileum), the pancreas, and a majority of the large intestine
Superior mesenteric artery
branch of the thoracic aorta; supplies blood to the superior surface of the diaphragm
Superior phrenic artery
enlarged vein located midsagittally between the meningeal and periosteal layers of the dura mater within the falx cerebri; receives most of the blood drained from the superior surface of the cerebrum and leads to the inferior jugular vein and the vertebral vein
Superior sagittal sinus
large systemic vein; drains blood from most areas superior to the diaphragm; empties into the right atrium
Superior vena cava
drains blood from the temporal region and leads to the external jugular vein
Temporal vein
branch of the abdominal aorta; will ultimately travel outside the body cavity to the testes and form one component of the spermatic cord
Testicular artery
drains the testes and forms part of the spermatic cord; the right testicular vein empties directly into the inferior vena cava and the left testicular vein empties into the left renal vein
Testicular vein
portion of the descending aorta superior to the aortic hiatus
Thoracic aorta
arises from the subclavian artery; supplies blood to the thyroid, the cervical region, the upper back, and shoulder
Thyrocervical artery
temporary loss of neurological function caused by a brief interruption in blood flow; also known as a mini-stroke
Transient ischemic attack (TIA)
pair of enlarged veins near the lambdoid suture that drain the occipital, sagittal, and straight sinuses, and leads to the sigmoid sinuses
Transverse sinuses
large vessel that gives rise to smaller vessels
Trunk
formed at the bifurcation of the brachial artery; parallels the ulna; gives off smaller branches until it reaches the carpal region where it fuses with the radial artery to form the superficial and deep palmar arches; supplies blood to the lower arm and carpal region
Ulnar artery
parallels the ulna and ulnar artery; arises from the palmar venous arches and leads to the brachial vein
Ulnar vein
arises from the subclavian artery and passes through the vertebral foramen through the foramen magnum to the brain; joins with the internal carotid artery to form the arterial circle; supplies blood to the brain and spinal cord
Vertebral artery
arises from the base of the brain and the cervical region of the spinal cord; passes through the intervertebral foramina in the cervical vertebrae; drains smaller veins from the cranium, spinal cord, and vertebrae, and leads to the brachiocephalic vein; counterpart of the vertebral artery
Vertebral vein
branches of the descending aorta that supply blood to the viscera
Visceral branches
