Additional Notes Module 4: Structure and Function of Blood Vessels Flashcards

1
Q

____ by the heart flows through a series of vessels known as arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, and veins before returning to the heart.

A

Blood pumped

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2
Q

____ transport blood away from the heart and branch into smaller vessels, forming arterioles.

A

Arteries

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3
Q

____ distribute blood to capillary beds, the sites of exchange with the body tissues.

A

Arterioles

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4
Q

_____ lead back to small vessels known as venules that flow into the larger veins and eventually back to the heart.

A

Capillaries

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5
Q

The _____ system is a relatively high-pressure system, so arteries have thick walls that appear round in cross section.

A

arterial

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6
Q

The ____ system is a lower-pressure system, containing veins that have larger lumens and thinner walls.They often appear flattened.

A

venous

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7
Q

Arteries, arterioles, venules, and veins are composed of ____ tunics

A

three

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8
Q

three tunics known as the

A

tunica intima, tunica media, and tunica externa.

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9
Q

Capillaries have only a tunica ____ layer.

A

intima

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10
Q

The tunica _____ is a thin layer composed of a simple squamous epithelium known as endothelium and a small amount of connective tissue.

A

intima

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11
Q

The tunica ____ is a thicker area composed of variable amounts of smooth muscle and connective tissue. It is the thickest layer in all but the largest arteries.

A

media

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12
Q

The tunica ____ is primarily a layer of connective tissue, although in veins, it also contains some smooth muscle.

A

externa

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13
Q

Blood flow through vessels can be dramatically influenced by _____ and ____ in their walls.

A

vasoconstriction, vasodilation

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14
Q

Very small artery that leads to a capillary

A

Arteriole

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15
Q

Short vessel connecting an arteriole directly to a venule and bypassing the capillary beds

A

Arteriovenous anastomosis

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16
Q

Blood vessel that conducts blood away from the heart; may be a conducting or distributing vessel

A

Artery

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17
Q

Ability of a vein to distend and store blood

A

Capacitance

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18
Q

Veins

A

Capacitance vessels

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19
Q

Smallest of blood vessels where physical exchange occurs between the blood and tissue cells surrounded by interstitial fluid

A

Capillary

20
Q

Network of 10-100 capillaries connecting arterioles to venules

A

Capillary bed

21
Q

Most common type of capillary, found in virtually all tissues except epithelia and cartilage; contains very small gaps in the endothelial lining that permit exchange

A

Continuous capillary

22
Q

Artery with abundant elastic fibers located closer to the heart, which maintains the pressure gradient and conducts blood to smaller branches

A

Elastic artery

23
Q

Membrane composed of elastic fibers that separates the tunica media from the tunica externa; seen in larger arteries

A

External elastic membrane

24
Q

Type of capillary with pores or fenestrations in the endothelium that allow for rapid passage of certain small materials

A

Fenestrated capillary

25
Q

Membrane composed of elastic fibers that separates the tunica intima from the tunica media; seen in large arteries

A

Internal elastic membrane

26
Q

Interior of a tubular structure such as a blood vessel or a portion of the alimentary canal through which blood, chyme, or other substances travel

A

Lumen

27
Q

Short vessel arising from a terminal arteriole that branches to supply a capillary bed

A

Metarteriole

28
Q

Blood flow through the capillaries

A

Microcirculation:

29
Q

Artery with abundant smooth muscle in the tunica media that branches to distribute blood to the arteriole network

A

Muscular artery

30
Q

Small nerve fibers found in arteries and veins that trigger contraction of the smooth muscle in their walls

A

Nervi vasorum

31
Q

Distribution of blood into the capillaries so the tissues can be supplied

A

Perfusion

32
Q

Circular rings of smooth muscle that surround the entrance to a capillary and regulate blood flow into that capillary

A

Precapillary sphincters

33
Q

Rarest type of capillary, which has extremely large intercellular gaps in the basement membrane in addition to clefts and fenestrations; found in areas such as the bone marrow and liver where passage of large molecules occurs

A

Sinusoid capillary

34
Q

Continuation of the metarteriole that enables blood to bypass a capillary bed and flow directly into a venule, creating a vascular shunt

A

Thoroughfare channel

35
Q

Outermost layer or tunic of a vessel (except capillaries)

A

Tunica externa

36
Q

Innermost lining or tunic of a vessel

A

Tunica intima

37
Q

Middle layer or tunic of a vessel (except capillaries)

A

Tunica media

38
Q

Small blood vessels located within the walls or tunics of larger vessels that supply nourishment to and remove wastes from the cells of the vessels

A

Vasa Vasorum

39
Q

Continuation of the metarteriole and thoroughfare channel that allows blood to bypass the capillary beds to flow directly from the arterial to the venous circulation

A

Vascular shunt

40
Q

Constriction of the smooth muscle of a blood vessel, resulting in a decreased vascular diameter

A

Vasoconstriction

41
Q

Relaxation of the smooth muscle in the wall of a blood vessel, resulting in an increased vascular diameter

A

Vasodilation

42
Q

Irregular, pulsating flow of blood through capillaries and related structures

A

Vasomotion

43
Q

Blood vessels that conducts blood toward the heart

A

Vein

44
Q

Volume of blood contained within systemic veins in the integument, bone marrow, and liver that can be returned to the heart for circulation, if needed

A

Venous reserve

45
Q

Small vessel leading from the capillaries to veins

A

Venule