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Medical Histology > Vessels > Flashcards

Vessels Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

what is important for maintaining high hydrostatic pressure?

A

smooth muscle in vessels

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2
Q

pressure in venous system?

A

low

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3
Q

pressure in arterial system?

A

high

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4
Q

what is considered macrovasculature

A

greater than .1mm in diameter, elastic arteries, muscular arteries, large arterioles, veins

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5
Q

what is considered microvasculature?

A

less than 0.1mm in diameter, arterioles, capillaries, post-capillary venules

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6
Q

composition of the tunica intima?

A

endothelium, basal lamina, subendothelial layer of loose connective tissue, internal elastic lamina

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7
Q

what is the internal elastic lamina?

A

a fenestrated sheet of elastin beneath the subendothelium

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8
Q

what is the internal elastic lamina most prominent in ?

A

muscular arteries

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9
Q

composition of tunica media?

A

concentric layers of smooth muscle, interspersed elastic fibers and type III collagen, contains the external elastic lamina in arteries

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10
Q

what is the tunica externa/adventitia

A

contains fibroblasts, type I collagen, elastic fibers oriented along longitudinal axes, merges with adjacent surrounding connective tissue, in large veins and elastic arteries there is the vasa vasorum

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11
Q

which are considered elastic arteries?

A

the aorta and all of its branches

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12
Q

characteristic of elastic arteries?

A

have thick walls with very high elasticity to help stabilize and maintain blood flow, elastin content makes vessel look kinda yellow

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13
Q

what are weibel-palade bodies

A

rodlike inclusions within the tightly packed ENDOTHELIAL CELLS, are the storage cells that contain and release von-willebrand factor and P selectin

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14
Q

where are weibel-palade bodies found?

A

tunica intima of elastic arteries

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15
Q

characteristics of the intima in elastic arteries

A

thick and typically folded

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16
Q

characteristics of the tunica media in elastic arteries?

A

most prominent, abundant concentrically arranged elastic fibers in the internal elastic lamina, scattered concentric smooth muscle, vasa vasorum (in larger vessels)

17
Q

characteristics of tunica adventitia in elastic arteries

A

thins, have mainly fibroblasts, type I collagen, elastic fibers, and some vasa vasorum

18
Q

what is P selectin

A

recruit circulating leukocytes to site of injury

19
Q

where is the vasa vasorum found?

A

tunica media and adventitia to supply the vessel itself

20
Q

where are the vasomotor nerve fibers found in the vessel??

A

near the tunica media to control vasoconstriction (thru norepi release)

21
Q

what are aneurysms?

A

focal dilations in artery with at least 50% increase in vessel’s diameter

22
Q

cause of aneurysm?

A

failure of major structural components due to congenital defect or acquired damage by chronic inflammation

23
Q

common locations for aneurysm?

A

aorta, popliteal, mesenteric, splenic, cerebral arteries

24
Q

what is atherosclerosis?

A

starts with endothelial injury, then chronic inflammation deposits lipid, collagen and possibly calcification in the intima

25
Q

what could atherosclerosis cause?

A

narrowed lumen and impaired blood flow, hemorrhage, ulceration, aneurysm formation

26
Q

what are vericose veins?

A

abnormal dilation and tortuosity of veins in pampiniform plexus caused by weakness in the media

27
Q

what are the risk factors for vericose veins?

A

pregnancy, female, standing occupations, older age, obesity, smoking

28
Q

characteristic of vericose veins?

A

reverse venous flow resulting in distended areas of pooled blood

29
Q

common sites of vericose veins?

A

leg, anorectal region (hemorrhoids), lower esophagus (esophageal varices), spermatic cord (varicocele)

30
Q

what is a cause of varicose veins?

A

increased intraluminal pressure, defect in structure or function of a valve

31
Q

function of lymphatic system

A

transporting and collecting excess interstitial fluid from tissue spaces and return it to the blood, also distributes lymphocytes, antibodies, other immune components that are picked up at lymph nodes and other lymphoid tissues

32
Q

describe the flow of lymph

A

lymphatic capillaries to larger lymphatic vessels, then to right lymphatic duct and thoracic duct

33
Q

what allows the ISF to move?

A

moves from the plasma through the microvasculature by hydrostatic pressure

Medical Histology (10 decks)

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