Vessels Flashcards
Which area is most of the heart and its major vessels found?
Middle mediastinum
What branches from the ascending aorta
Coronary arteries
Where does the aorta arise from?
Aortic orifice- the opening of the left ventricle into the aorta
Which large vessel is included in the pericardium?
Ascending aorta
What 3 major vessels branch from the arch of the aorta? (In order)
Brachiocephalic trunk, left common carotid, left subclavian
What are the 3 layers of the pericardium? (In order from the outside)
Outer fibrous layer, parietal pericardium, visceral pericardium
At what vertebral level is the aortic arch?
T4
Where are the pulmonary arteries taking blood from/to?
Deoxygenated blood from right ventricle to lungs.
Where do the pulmonary arteries begin?
The pulmonary trunk -arises from the right ventricle by the pulmonary valves
At what vertebral level does the pulmonary trunk divide into right and left pulmonary arteries?
Around T5-T6
Where does the pulmonary vein carry blood from/to?
Oxygenated blood from lungs to left atrium
How many main pulmonary veins are there?
4- each lung has an superior and inferior pulmonary vein.
Which surface of the heart and chamber do the pulmonary veins enter the heart?
Posterior surface into the superior side of the left atrium.
Where is the oblique pericardial sinus found?
In the pericardium, between the left and right pulmonary veins on the posterior side of the heart. Also borders with the pericardial sac inner surface.
The superior pulmonary veins return blood from which parts of the lungs?
Upper lobes.
Where does the superior Vena Cava drain blood from?
Deoxygenated blood from the upper body/superior to the diaphragm (except the heart and lungs)
What veins merge to form the superior vena cava?
Right and left brachiocephalic veins
At what vertebral level does the azygous vein join the superior vena cava?
T4
What area of the body does the inferior vena cava drain?
Everything inferior to the diaphragm.
What main vessels join to form the inferior vena cava?
Common iliac veins (in the pelvis)
What veins contribute to the inferior vena cava?
Hepatic, lumbar, renal, gonadal and phrenic veins.
At which vertebral level does the inferior vena cava enter the pericardium?
T8
Which minor groups of veins contribute to the superior vena cava?
Mediastinal, oesophageal and pericardial veins
What type of blood vessel determines the distribution of blood throughout the body?
Arterioles
