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Cardiorespiratory > Embryological development of CVS > Flashcards

Embryological development of CVS Flashcards

1
Q

When does the CVS start to develop in the embryo?

A

Approx 4 weeks into development- when the placenta can no longer meet the needs of the embryo

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2
Q

What first forms in the CVS development?

A

Primitive heart tube

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3
Q

What is gastrulation?

A

An early stage in embryonic development where the single layered cells of the blastula reorganise into multiple layers to form a gastrula. The layers are the ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm.

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4
Q

What part of the body develop from the ectoderm?

A

Skin, nervous system, neural crest- contributes to cardiac outflow and coronary arteries

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5
Q

What parts of the body develop from the mesoderm?

A

All muscle types, most of the cardiovascular system, kidneys, blood

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6
Q

What parts of the body develop from the endoderm?

A

Gastrointestinal tract including liver and pancreas (but not smooth muscle), endocrine organs

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7
Q

What area of the human heart develops from the first heart field?

A

Left ventricle

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8
Q

What area of the human heart develops from the second heart field?

A

Outflow tract, right ventricle and atria

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9
Q

What are the 3 stages of cardiac formation?

A

Formation of the primitive tube
Cardiac looping
Cardiac septation

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10
Q

What tubes fuse to form the primitive heart tube?

A

Endocardial tubes

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11
Q

What day of development does the primitive heart tube form?

A

Day 19/ third week

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12
Q

What day does the heart begin to beat?

A

Day 22

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13
Q

What happens in embryological development of the heart after primitive heart tube formation?

A

Cardiac looping

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14
Q

What protein is released from the ‘node’ which aids in the leftwards angle of the heart?

A

Nodal

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15
Q

How is nodal distributed unevenly in heart development?

A

Cilia at the node rotate to direct more nodal to the left.

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16
Q

How does nodal protein have an effect on the developing tissue?

A

Turns on specific transcription factors that affect further development (cardiac looping) of the heart

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17
Q

What stage of heart development occurs after cardiac looping?

A

Cardiac septation

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18
Q

What two embryological structures give rise to the cardiac ventricles?

A

Bulbus cordis and the primitive ventricle

19
Q

What do the endocardial cushions aid in forming?

A

The interventricular septum

20
Q

What’s the adult remnant of the foramen ovale?

A

Fossa ovalis

21
Q

What foetal shunt results leads to the ligamentum arteriosum?

A

Ductus arteriosum

22
Q

What is the remnant of the umbilical vein?

A

The ligamentum teres

23
Q

What does the ductus arteriosis connect in the foetus?

A

Connects the main pulmonary artery to the descending aorta (to bypass the lungs in the foetus)

24
Q

What does the ductus venosum connect? And what does it bypass?

A

Left umbilcal vein to the inferior vena cava. Allows oxygenated blood from the placenta to bypass the liver.

25
Q

Where are blood islands found in the embryo?

A

Yolk sac

26
Q

What is vasculogenesis?

A

The embryological formation of blood vessels

27
Q

What is angiogenesis?

A

The development of blood vessels from existing vessels

28
Q

What is the difference between vasculogenesis and angiogenesis?

A

Vasculogenesis is the formation of blood vessels whereas angiogenesis is where new blood vessels form from existing vessels by ‘sprouting’

29
Q

What do angioblast develop into?

A

Blood vessels

30
Q

What embryonic cells do blood cells develop from?

A

Angioblasts

31
Q

Does angiogenesis or vasculosgenesis occur first in embyological development?

A

Vasculogenesis

32
Q

What does the truncus arteriosus develop into?

A

Ascending aorta and pulmonary trunk

33
Q

What does the bulbus cordis develop into?

A

Right ventricle

34
Q

What does the primitive ventricle develop into?

A

Left ventricle

35
Q

What does the primitive atrium develop into?

A

Anterior portions of the left and right atria aswell as both auricles.

36
Q

Where are the two auricles of the heart found?

A

Anterior surfaces in the right and left atria

37
Q

What does the sinus venosus develop into?

A

Posterior portion of right atrium
SA node
Coronary sinus

38
Q

What germ cell layer develops to form the heart (aswell as CVS and all muscle types)

A

Mesoderm

39
Q

What primitive area develops to form the ascending aorta and pulmonary trunk?

A

Truncus arteriosus

40
Q

What primitive area develops to form the anterior portions of both atria?

A

Primitive artrium

41
Q

What primitive area develops to form the right ventricle?

A

Bulbus cordis

42
Q

What primitive area develops to form the left ventricle?

A

Primitive ventricle

43
Q

What area develops to form the coronary sulcus?

A

Sinus venosus

44
Q

What area develops to form the SA node and posterior portion of the right atrium?

A

Sinus venosus

Cardiorespiratory (12 decks)

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