VESICULAR TRAFFICKING

Question 1

MEMBRANE PROTIENS CAN FLIP WITHIN THE MEMBRANE

TRUE OR FALSE

Answer 1

FALSE

Question 2

FUSION OF VESICLES WITH ORGANELLES IS LEAKY

TRUE OR FALSE

Answer 2

FALSE

Question 3

SNARES ENSURE THAT ………………. FUSE WITH THE CORRECT ………………..

Answer 3

VESICLES

TARGET

Question 4

SUGARS ARE …………………. TO NEWLY SYNTHESISED PROTEINS IN THE ……………… OF THE ER. IT CONTAINS MANY CHAPERONES THAT HELP WITH PROTEIN ……………………
CLATHRIN, COPI AND …………… ARE PERIPHERAL ……………. PROTEINS. VESICLES ARE ………………….. WITH HIGH FIDELITY TO THEIR DESTINATION. TRANSPORT VESICLES ARE …………………..IN CLATHRIN, COPI AND COPII.
THERE IS A DYNAMIC ………………. BETWEEN TRAFFICKING PATHWAYS.

Answer 4

ADDED
LUMEN
FOLDING
COPII
MEMBRANE
TARGETTED
COATED
INTERPLAY

Question 5

NEWLY MADE PROTEINS CAN BE …………….. INTO ORGANELLELS EITHER ………. OR POST ………………………
TRANSLOCATION INTO THE ER REQUIRES A …………….

Answer 5

TRANSLOCATED
CO
TRANSLATIONALLY
SIGNAL

Question 6

WHAT IS THE SIGNAL HYPOTHESIS

Answer 6

A PROTEIN HAS A SERIES OF AMINO ACIDS ENCODING A SIGNAL. THE SIGNAL CAN BE USED FOR TRANSLOCATION LIKE AN ADDRESS LABEL.

Question 7

GIVE AN EXAMPLE OF A TRANSLOCATION PROTEIN

Answer 7

SEC61

Question 8

HOW IS A SOLUBLE PROTEIN TRAFFICKED INTO THE LUMEN OF THE ER

Answer 8

THE SIGNAL ON N TERMINUS EMBEDS ITSELF IN THE ER MEMBRANE ACTING AS A TETHER. THE REST OF THE POLYPEPTIDE IS FED THROUGH (SEC61) INTO THE ER LUMEN. THE SIGNAL SEQUENCE IS CLEAVED BY A SIGNAL PEPTIDASE RELEASING THE POLYPEPTIDE INTO THE LUMEN. THE POLYPEPTIDE CAN THEN FORM ITS SECOND AND TERTIARY STRUCTURE BY WAY OF CHAPERONES IN THE ER.

Question 9

HOW IS A MEMBRANE PROTEIN TRAFFICKED INTO THE MEMBRANE OF THE ER

Answer 9

MEMBRANE PROTEINS HAVE A STOP TRANSFER SEQUENCE WHICH BECOMES THE TRANSMEMBRANE DOMAIN.

Question 10

WHAT TYPES OF MEMBRANE PROTEIN ARE THERE IN RELATION TO TRAFFICKING

Answer 10

TYPE 1 - N TERMINUS IN ER LUMEN

TYPE 2 - N TERMINUS OUTSIDE LUMEN

Question 11

GIVE AN EXAMPLE OF A CHAPERONE

Answer 11

BIP

BINDS TO ANTIBODIES TO KEEP THEM IN THE ER UNTIL THEY ARE PROPERLY FORMED

Question 12

DEFECTS IN PROTEIN FOLDING GIVE RISE TO DISEASE

GIVE AN EXAMPLE OF A DISEASE

Answer 12

CYSTIC FIBROSIS

Question 13

WHAT FOLLOWS MISFOLDING OF PROTEINS

Answer 13

CAUSES THE MISFOLDED PROTEIN RESPONSE

Question 14

WHAT DOES THE MISFOLDED PROTEIN RESPONSE ENTAIL

Answer 14

INCREASED ER CHAPERONE SYNTHESIS

DECREASED PROTEIN SYNTHESIS

Question 15

WHAT NEW DRUG IS USED TO TREAT CYSTIC FIBROSIS

Answer 15

ORKAMBI: A COMBINATION OF A CHAPERONE AND CHANNEL OPENER

Question 16

WHAT IS GAUCHERS DISEASE

Answer 16

MUTATIONS IN LYSOSOMAL ENZYME REQUIRED FOR GLUCOSYLCERAMIDE METABOLISM

Question 17

DISEASE CAN BE ……………. WITH DRUGS THAT …………………. THE UNFOLDED PROTEIN RESPONSE AND ……………………………. CHAPERONES

Answer 17

TREATED
ACTIVATE
PHARMACOLOGICAL

Question 18

WHAT IS EMPHYSEMA

Answer 18

DEFICIENCY OF SECRETION OF ALPHA 1 ANTITRYPSIN. FAILURE TO INACTIVATE ELASTASE MEANS THERE IS TOO MUCH TOO MUCH OF THE ENZYME. INCREASED BREAK DOWN OF ELASTIN BY ELASTASE CREATES PERMEABILITY IN THE LUNG

Question 19

HOW CAN EMPHYSEMA BE TREATED

Answer 19

ENZYME REPLACEMENT THERAPIES

Question 20

WHAT DOES CARBAMAZEPINE DO

Answer 20

ENHANCES AUTOPHAGY

Question 21

WHAT IS HYPOTHYROIDISM

Answer 21

PRODUCTION OF MUTANT THYROGLOBULIN RESULTS IN MASSIVE PROLIFERATION IN THE ER IN ATTEMPT TO SECRETION THE RIGHT AMOUNT OF HORMONE

Question 22

WHAT ARE THE ESSENTIAL COMPONENTS FOR ALL TRANSPORT VESICLE FORMATION

Answer 22

GTPASE
ADAPTOR PROTEINS
COAT