MITOSIS Flashcards

1
Q

WHAT ARE THE STAGES OF MITOSIS

A
PROPHASE
PROMETAPHASE
METAPHASE
ANAPHASE
TELOPHASE
(CYTOKINESIS)
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2
Q

WHAT ARE THE ADVANTAGES OF YEAST AS A MODEL FOR THE CELL CYCLE

A
  1. RAPID DIVISION RATE
  2. CELL CYCLE CONTROL GENES ARE HIGHLY CONSERVED
  3. CAN BE GROWN AS HAPLOIDS OR DIPLOIDS
  4. THE CELL CYCLE IS A LOT MORE FLEXIBLE
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3
Q

WHAT ARE THE ADVANTAGES OF XENOPUS AS A MODEL

A
  1. EASY TO COLLECT
  2. LARGE EGGS
  3. RAPID DIVISION RATE
  4. SIZE EASIER FOR PROTEIN PURIFICATION
  5. CAN BE MANIPULATED EASILY
  6. CAN UNDERGO CELL FREE CELL CYCLE
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4
Q

WHICH CYCLINS DRIVE ENTRY INTO MITOSIS PHASE

A

B CYCLINS (CDK1)

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5
Q

WHAT HAPPENS IN MITOSIS

A
  1. ASSEMBLY OF MITOTIC SPINDLE
  2. SISTER CHROMATIDS ARE ATTACHED TO OPPOSITE POLES
  3. CHROMOSOME CONDENSATION
  4. BREAKDOWN OF NUCLEAR ENVELOPE
  5. REARRANGEMENT OF ACTIN CYTOSKELETON
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6
Q

HOW DO M CYCLINS DRIVE ENTRY INTO MITOSIS

A

M CYCLINS INCREASE THROUGH G2 AND M TO CREATE A POOL OF INACTIVE M-CDK COMPLEX. IN LATE G2, CDC25 PHOPHATE IS TRIGGERED TO ACTIVATE THE M-CDK COMPLEX AND SO MITOSIS.

WEE1 - CDK INHIBITORY KINASE
CAK - ACTIVATING KINASE
BALANCE OF THESE HELPS ENTRY

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7
Q

WHAT IS THE ANAPHASE PROMOTING COMPLEX

A

A PROTEIN THAT IS A UBIQUITIN LIGASE THAT HELPS THE TRANSITION FROM METAPHASE TO ANAPHASE

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8
Q

WHAT ARE THE TARGETS OF THE APC

A
  1. SECURIN: IA PROTEIN THAT PROTECTS THE LINKAGES BETWEEN SISTER CHROMATIDS
  2. S+M CYCLINS: CYCLINS FROM THE PHASES PREVIOUS

THESE MUST BE DEGRADED IN ORDER TO MOVE TO ANAPHASE

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9
Q

HOW CAN YOU GET LOSS OF HETEROZYGOSITY

OR LOSS OF AN ALLELE - HEMIZYGOSITY

A
  1. RECOMBINATION
  2. GENE CONVERSION
  3. NON DYSJUNCTION
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10
Q

WHAT IS LOH BY NON DYSJUNCTION

A

FOR SUCCESSFUL MITOSIS TO OCCUR, SISTER CHROMATIDS MUST BE PULLED TO OPPOSITE POLES. IF THIS GOES WRONG, YOU MAY HAVE CHROMOSOMES ENDING UP/OR NOT ENDING UP IN THE CORRECT DAUGHTER CELL.

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11
Q

WHAT IS LOH BY MITOTIC RECOMBINATION

A

DURING G2 AND M PHASE WHEN EVERYTHING IS CONDENSING, THERE MAY BE SWAPPING OF CHROMATID ARMS.

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12
Q

WHAT IS LOH BY GENE CONVERSION

A

DNA POLYMERASE BEGINS REPLICATION OF ONE STRAND BY IT MAY ACCIDENTALLY JUMP STRANDS THEREBY, IN THAT PERIOD, COPING ANOTHER STRAND.

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